Bowa wina wa m’nkhalango amamera pa mapesi oonda kwambiri moti akhoza kuonongeka akangokhudza pang’ono. Matupi osalimba otere ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa mosamala kwambiri, kuyesera kuti asathyole chipewacho. Pakati pa bowa wodyedwa pamiyendo yopyapyala, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya russula imatha kusiyanitsa, ndipo palinso matupi a zipatso omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana pakati pa katundu.
Russula pamiyendo yopyapyala
Russula wobiriwira (Russula aeruginea).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: chiyambi cha July - kumapeto kwa September
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu
Description:
Tsinde lake ndi lozungulira, loyera, ndi timadontho tochita dzimbiri. Peel imachotsedwa mosavuta ndi 2/3 ya utali wa kapu.
Chipewacho ndi chobiriwira, chowoneka bwino kapena chokhumudwa, chomata.
Zamkati ndi zofewa, zoyera, ndi kukoma kowawa. Mphepete mwa kapu ndi furrowed. Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, amamatira, oyera, kenako okoma chikasu, nthawi zina ndi mawanga dzimbiri.
Bowa wabwino wodyedwa, wogwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano (omwe akulimbikitsidwa yophika kuchotsa kuwawa) ndi mchere. Ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa bowa wamng'ono ndi adatchithisira m'mphepete.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Amamera m'malo otsetsereka, osakanikirana (ndi birch), nthawi zina m'nkhalango za coniferous, mumapiri aang'ono a pine-birch, pamtunda wamchenga, mu udzu, mu moss, m'mphepete, pafupi ndi njira.
Russula yellow (Russula claroflava).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: m'katikati mwa July - kumapeto kwa September
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono
Description:
Mambale amatsatira, pafupipafupi, achikasu.
Chipewacho ndi chachikasu chowala, chowuma, chowoneka bwino kapena chophwanyika.
Mwendo ndi woyera, wosalala, wotuwa ndi ukalamba. Khungu bwino kuchotsedwa kokha m'mphepete mwa kapu. Zamkati zimakhala ngati thonje, zoyera, zachikasu-lalanje pansi pa khungu, zimadetsa podulidwa.
Bowa wodyedwa pa tsinde loyera lopyapyala amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano (atatha kuwira) ndikuthira mchere. Akaphika, thupi limadetsedwa. Ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa bowa wamng'ono ndi adatchithisira m'mphepete.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Amamera m'nkhalango zonyowa (zokhala ndi birch) ndi nkhalango za pine-birch, m'mphepete mwa madambo, mu moss ndi blueberries. Amapanga mycorrhiza ndi birch.
Russula blue-yellow (Russula cyanoxantha).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: m'katikati mwa June - kumapeto kwa September
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu
Description:
Chovalacho chimakhala chowuma kapena chomata, chobiriwira kapena chofiirira pakati, chotuwa, violet-violet kapena imvi-wobiriwira m'mphepete. Khungu limachotsedwa ndi 2/3 ya utali wa kapu.
Mwendo woyamba ndi wandiweyani, kenako wa dzenje, woyera.
Mnofu ndi woyera, nthawi zina ndi utoto wofiirira, wamphamvu, osati caustic. Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, ambiri, nthawi zina nthambi, silky, woyera. Zamkati mwa mwendo zimakhala ngati thonje.
Zabwino kwambiri za cheesecake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano (pambuyo kuwira), mchere ndi kuzifutsa.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imakula m'nkhalango zosakanikirana (zokhala ndi birch, oak, aspen).
Russula ndi moto-caustic (Russula emetica).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: m'katikati mwa July - October
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono
Description:
Chipewacho ndi chowoneka bwino, chogwada, chokhumudwa pang'ono, chomata, chonyezimira, chofiira. Chipewa cha bowa achichepere ndi ozungulira.
Mnofu ndi wonyezimira, woyera, wofiira pansi pa khungu, ndi kukoma koyaka. Khungu limachotsedwa mosavuta.
Zolemba zamafupipafupi, zazikulu, zotsatizana kapena pafupifupi zaulere. Mwendo ndi cylindrical, brittle, woyera.
Bowa waung'ono wotsatiridwa ndi wosadya chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kowawa. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, zimatha kuyambitsa kukhumudwa kwa m'mimba.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imamera m'nkhalango zowirira komanso za coniferous, m'malo achinyezi, pafupi ndi madambo.
Russula bile (Russula fellea).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: Juni - Seputembara
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono
Description:
Chovalacho chimakhala chowoneka bwino poyamba, ndiye chotseguka, chokhumudwa pakati, udzu wachikasu. Mphepete mwa kapu poyamba imakhala yosalala, kenako yamizeremizere.
Mnofu ndi wachikasu-woyera, wotumbululuka chikasu, pungent, owawa. Mambale omwe amamatira ku tsinde amakhala pafupipafupi, woonda, amayamba kuyera, kenako achikasu.
Mwendo ndi wofanana, wotayirira, wokhala ndi dzenje mu ukalamba, woyera, udzu wachikasu pansipa. Peel amachotsedwa mosavuta m'mphepete mwake.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi edability ndizotsutsana. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, angagwiritsidwe ntchito mchere pambuyo zilowerere yaitali.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Amapanga mycorrhiza ndi beech, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi oak, spruce ndi mitundu ina yamitengo. Amamera m'nkhalango zamitundu yosiyanasiyana pa dothi lotayirira acidic, nthawi zambiri m'mapiri ndi mapiri.
Brittle russula (Russula fragilis).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: pakati pa Ogasiti - Okutobala
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono
Description:
Mambale amamatira pang'ono, osowa. Zamkati ndi zoyera, zofewa kwambiri, ndi kukoma kowawa.
Chovalacho chimakhala chofiirira kapena chofiirira, nthawi zina chobiriwira cha azitona kapena chachikasu chopepuka, chowoneka bwino kapena chokhumudwa.
Mwendo ndi woyera, wonyezimira, wooneka ngati chibonga.
Zambiri zokhudzana ndi edability ndizotsutsana. Malinga ndi deta yapakhomo, ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mchere mutatha kuwira ndi kukhetsa msuzi. Amaonedwa kuti ndi osadyeka m'magwero aku Western.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Amamera m'nkhalango za coniferous ndi deciduous (ndi birch), m'malo achinyezi, m'mphepete, m'tchire.
Russula wa Maire (Russula mairei), wakupha.
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae).
Nyengo: chilimwe yophukira
Kukula: magulu ndi yekha
Description:
Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, Chimaona, woyera mu mtundu, ndi fungo la uchi kapena kokonati.
Chipewacho ndi chofiira kwambiri, chowoneka bwino kapena chophwanyika, chomata panyengo yamvula.
Mwendo ndi wosalala, woyera, wooneka ngati chibonga pang'ono. Mabalawa ndi osowa, osalimba, omatira pang'ono, oyera ndi bluish.
Choopsa kwambiri cha Russia; zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa m'mimba.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imamera m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanizika pamasamba ogwa ngakhalenso makungwa owola, panthaka yopanda madzi. Amagawidwa kwambiri m'nkhalango za beech ku Europe ndi madera oyandikana ndi Asia.
Russula wotumbululuka (Russula ochroleuca).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - Okutobala
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu
Description:
Chovalacho ndi chosalala, chonyezimira-chikaso, chowoneka bwino, kenako chimagwada.
Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, brittle, woyera, pang'ono mdima pa odulidwa, ndi kukoma pungent.
Tsinde lake ndi looneka ngati mbiya, lamphamvu, loyera, lofiirira. Patsinde pa tsinde amasanduka imvi ndi zaka. Mambale amatsatira, pafupipafupi, oyera.
Bowa wodyedwa mosamalitsa. Ntchito mwatsopano (pambuyo otentha) ndi mchere.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Bowa uwu pa tsinde woonda wokhala ndi utoto wofiirira umamera mu coniferous (spruce) ndi nkhalango zonyowa (zokhala ndi birch, oak), mu moss ndi zinyalala. Zimapezeka kwambiri kumadera akumwera kwa nkhalango.
Russula marsh (Russula paludosa).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: m'katikati mwa July - October
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu
Description:
Chipewacho ndi chaminofu, chowoneka bwino, chokhumudwa pang'ono pakati, ndi m'mphepete mwake. Mambale ndi ofooka amatsatira, pafupipafupi, nthawi zina nthambi, woyera kapena buffy.
Khungu la kapu ndi youma, mdima wofiira pakati, pinki yowala m'mphepete. The zamkati ndi woyera, wandiweyani achinyamata bowa, ndiye lotayirira, ndi fruity fungo.
Mwendo wake ndi wooneka ngati kalabu kapena fusiform, wolimba, nthawi zina wopanda pake, womveka, wapinki kapena woyera.
Bowa wodyera. Ntchito mwatsopano (pambuyo otentha) ndi mchere.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Amamera m'nkhalango za coniferous (paini) ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana (paini-birch), m'malo achinyezi, kunja kwa madambo, pamtunda wamchenga, mu moss, mu blueberries.
Mtsikana wa Russula (Russula puellaris).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: pakati pa Ogasiti - Okutobala
Kukula: magulu ndi yekha
Description:
Mnofu ndi wonyezimira, woyera kapena wachikasu. Chovalacho chimakhala choyamba chowoneka bwino, kenako chimagwada, nthawi zina chimakhala chokhumudwa pang'ono, chachikasu kapena chofiirira. Mphepete mwa kapu ndi yopyapyala, yanthiti.
Phesi limakulitsidwa pang'ono kumunsi, lolimba, kenako lopanda kanthu, lophulika, loyera kapena lachikasu.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, owonda, amamatira, oyera, kenako achikasu.
Bowa wodyera. Ntchito mwatsopano (pambuyo kuwira).
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imakula mu coniferous ndipo kawirikawiri m'nkhalango zodula.
Russula Turkish (Russula turci).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: Julayi-Okutobala
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu
Description:
Chophimbacho ndi vinyo wofiira, wakuda kapena lalanje, wonyezimira. Maonekedwe a kapu ndi choyamba hemispherical, ndiye kuvutika maganizo. Mabalawa ndi omatira, ochepa, oyera kapena achikasu.
Mwendo wake ndi wooneka ngati chibonga, woyera.
Zamkati ndi zonyezimira, zoyera ndi fungo la fruity.
Bowa wodyera.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Amapezeka m'mapiri a coniferous ku Ulaya ndi North America. Amapanga mycorrhiza ndi pine ndi fir.
Zakudya zaku Russula (Russula vesca).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: m'katikati mwa July - kumapeto kwa September
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono
Description:
Chipewacho ndi chathyathyathya-convex, pinki, chofiira, chofiirira, chamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, aatali omwewo, oyera kapena achikasu.
Tsinde, wandiweyani, wopapatiza kumunsi, woyera. Khungu silimafika 1-2 mm m'mphepete mwa kapu, limachotsedwa mpaka theka.
Zamkati mwake ndi zoyera, zowundana, zopanda caustic kapena zopweteka pang'ono. Mbalamezi zimakhala pafupipafupi, zimamatira pang'onopang'ono, zoyera zoyera, nthawi zina zimakhala ndi nthambi.
Imodzi mwa zakudya zokoma kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano (pambuyo kuwira) mu maphunziro achiwiri, mchere, kuzifutsa, zouma.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imamera m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zotakata (zokhala ndi birch, oak), nthawi zambiri mu coniferous, m'malo owala, muudzu.
Russula virescens (Russula virescens).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: m'ma July - October
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu
Description:
Tsinde lake ndi loyera, ndi mamba abulauni pansi.
Chipewacho ndi minofu, matte, chikasu kapena buluu wobiriwira, mu bowa wamng'ono hemispherical. Chipewa cha bowa wokhwima chimagwada. Khungu silimachotsedwa, nthawi zambiri limasweka.
Zamkati mwake ndi zoyera, zowundana, zopanda caustic kapena zopweteka pang'ono. Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, amamatira pang'ono, oyera oyera, nthawi zina amakhala ndi foloko.
Imodzi mwa zakudya zokoma kwambiri. Ntchito mwatsopano (pambuyo otentha), mchere, kuzifutsa, zouma.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imakula m'nkhalango zobiriwira, zosakanikirana (ndi birch, oak), m'malo owala. Amagawidwa kum'mwera zigawo za nkhalango zone.
Brown Russula (Russula xerampelina).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: m'katikati mwa July - October
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono
Description:
Chipewacho ndi chachikulu, burgundy, bulauni kapena azitona mumtundu, wakuda pakati.
Mnofu ndi woyera, kutembenukira bulauni pa odulidwa, ndi shrimp kapena hering'i fungo. Mambale ndi omatira, oyera, kutembenukira bulauni ndi zaka.
Tsinde lake ndi loyera, nthawi zina limakhala lofiira, limakhala lofiira kapena lofiirira ndi zaka. Zipewa za bowa achinyamata ndi hemispherical.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mchere, kuzifutsa, nthawi zina mwatsopano (pambuyo otentha kuchotsa fungo losasangalatsa).
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Amamera m'nkhalango za coniferous (pine ndi spruce), zodula (birch ndi oak).
Bowa wina wowonda kwambiri
White podgruzdok (Russula delica).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: m'katikati mwa July - October
Kukula: m'magulu
Description:
Chovalacho chimakhala chowoneka bwino poyamba, choyera, chimakhala chofanana ndi ukalamba, nthawi zina chimasweka. Mabalawa ndi ozungulira, opapatiza, oyera ndi mtundu wa bluish-wobiriwira.
Mwendo ndi wandiweyani, woyera, wopapatiza pang'ono m'munsimu ndi bulauni pang'ono.
Zamkati ndi zoyera, wandiweyani, zosadyedwa.
Bowa wabwino wodyedwa, wogwiritsidwa ntchito mchere (mutha kuwira).
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Bowawa wokhala ndi tsinde lalitali lalitali amamera m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanizika (ndi birch, aspen, oak) nkhalango, nthawi zambiri mu coniferous (ndi spruce). Gawo lalikulu la moyo wa fruiting thupi limachitika mobisa; makutu okha amaoneka pamwamba.
Blackening podgrudok (Russula nigricans).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: m'katikati mwa July - October
Kukula: m'magulu
Description:
Chipewacho ndi wothinikizidwa pakati, grayish mu unyamata, ndiye bulauni. Mambale ndi ochepa, okhuthala, omatira, achikasu, kenako abulauni, kenako amakhala akuda.
Mnofu wodulidwa umayamba kukhala wofiira, kenako umakhala wakuda, fungo lake ndi la fruity, kukoma kwake kumakhala kowala.
Mwendo ndi wolimba, poyamba kuwala, kenako kutembenukira bulauni ndi wakuda.
Bowa wodyedwa mosamalitsa. Ntchito mchere pambuyo otentha kwa mphindi 20. Akuda mu mchere.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imakula m'nkhalango za coniferous (zokhala ndi spruce), zosakanikirana, zobiriwira komanso zamasamba (zokhala ndi birch, oak) nkhalango.
Valui (Russula foetens).
Banja: Russula (Russulaceae)
Nyengo: chiyambi cha July - October
Kukula: payekha komanso m'magulu ang'onoang'ono
Description:
Chipewa cha bowa wamng'ono ndi pafupifupi ozungulira, ndi m'mphepete mbamuikha tsinde, mucous. Chovalacho chimakhala chowoneka bwino, nthawi zina chimagwada pansi komanso kukhumudwa pakati, chimakhala ndi tuberculate, chokhala ndi m'mphepete, chowuma kapena chomata pang'ono, chofiirira. Kapu nthawi zambiri amadyedwa ndi tizilombo ndi slugs. Mphepete mwa kapu ndi nthiti mwamphamvu, furrowed nthawi zina losweka.
Mwendo ndi wotupa kapena cylindrical, nthawi zambiri umakhala wochepa mpaka pansi, woyera, wachikasu, bulauni m'munsi. Madontho amadzi owoneka bwino ndi mawanga ofiirira nthawi zambiri amawonekera pambale akawuma. Mabalawa ndi osowa, opapatiza, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi foloko, amamatira, achikasu. amapeza ma cellular structure.
Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, zolimba, zoyera, ndiye chikasu, mu bowa okhwima ndi Chimaona, ndi hering'i fungo ndi kukoma kowawa. Mu bowa wokhwima, m'mwendo mumakhala dzimbiri lamkati.
Bowa wokhazikika; amaonedwa kuti ndi osadyedwa Kumadzulo. Nthawi zambiri, bowa achichepere amakololedwa ndi kapu yosatsegulidwa ndi mainchesi osapitilira 6 cm. Khungu limachotsedwa ku valui ndipo litatha kuviika kwa masiku 2-3 ndikuwira kwa mphindi 20-25. mchere, kawirikawiri marinated.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Bowa wopyapyala wokhala ndi nsonga wa bulauni umapanga mycorrhiza wokhala ndi mitengo ya coniferous komanso yophukira. Amamera m'nkhalango zowirira, zosakanikirana (ndi birch), nthawi zambiri mu coniferous, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mphepete, muudzu ndi pazinyalala. Imakonda malo amthunzi, achinyezi. Zimapezeka m'nkhalango za Eurasia ndi North America, ku Dziko Lathu ndizofala kwambiri ku Ulaya, Caucasus, Western Siberia ndi Far East.