Kutengeka maganizo, kugawanika umunthu, kudzikonda kwamdima… Kugawikana umunthu ndi nkhani yosatha kwa anthu okonda zosangalatsa, mafilimu ochititsa mantha ndi zisudzo zamaganizo. Chaka chatha, zowonetsera anamasulidwa filimu ina za izi - «Gawa». Tinaganiza zofufuza momwe chithunzi cha "cinematic" chikuwonetsera zomwe zimachitika pamutu wa anthu enieni omwe ali ndi matenda a "umunthu wambiri".
Mu 1886, Robert Louis Stevenson adafalitsa The Strange Case ya Dr. Jekyll ndi Bambo Hyde. Mwa "kulumikiza" chilombo chonyansa mu thupi la njonda yolemekezeka, Stevenson adatha kusonyeza kufooka kwa malingaliro okhudza chikhalidwe chomwe chinalipo pakati pa anthu a m'nthawi yake. Nanga bwanji ngati munthu aliyense wa dziko lapansi, ndi maleledwe ake abwino ndi makhalidwe ake, agona Hyde wake?
Stevenson anakana kugwirizana kulikonse pakati pa zochitika mu ntchito ndi moyo weniweniwo. Koma m'chaka chomwecho, nkhani inafalitsidwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo Frederic Mayer pa zochitika za «ambiri umunthu», pamene iye anatchula nkhani yodziwika pa nthawi imeneyo - mlandu wa Luis Vive ndi Felida Isk. Mwangozi?
Lingaliro la kukhala limodzi ndi kulimbana kwa anthu awiri (ndipo nthawi zina) a munthu mmodzi adakopa olemba ambiri. Lili ndi zonse zomwe mungafune pa sewero loyamba: chinsinsi, kukayikira, mikangano, kunyozedwa kosayembekezereka. Ngati mumakumba mozama, zofananira zofananira zitha kupezeka mu chikhalidwe cha anthu - nthano, nthano ndi zikhulupiriro. Kukhala ndi ziwanda, ma vampires, werewolves - ziwembu zonsezi zimalumikizidwa ndi lingaliro la mabungwe awiri omwe amayesa kuwongolera thupi.
Mthunzi ndi gawo la umunthu umene umakanidwa ndi kuponderezedwa ndi umunthu womwewo ngati wosafunika.
Nthawi zambiri kulimbana pakati pawo akuimira kulimbana pakati pa «kuwala» ndi «mdima» mbali za moyo ngwazi. Izi ndizomwe tikuwona mu mzere wa Gollum / Smeagol kuchokera kwa The Lord of the Rings, khalidwe lomvetsa chisoni, lowonongeka mwamakhalidwe ndi mwakuthupi ndi mphamvu ya mphete, koma kusunga zotsalira za umunthu.
Pamene chigawenga chili m'mutu: nkhani yeniyeni
Otsogolera ambiri ndi olemba, kupyolera mu chifaniziro cha njira ina «Ine», adafuna kusonyeza zomwe Carl Gustav Jung adatcha Shadow - gawo la umunthu lomwe limakanidwa ndi kuponderezedwa ndi umunthu womwewo ngati wosafunika. Mthunzi ukhoza kukhala ndi moyo m'maloto ndi ziwonetsero, kutenga mawonekedwe a chilombo choyipa, chiwanda, kapena wachibale wodedwa.
Jung adawona chimodzi mwazolinga zachipatala monga kuphatikiza Mthunzi mu kapangidwe ka umunthu. Mu filimu "Ine, Ine kachiwiri ndi Irene" ngwazi chigonjetso pa «zoipa «Ine» amakhala pa nthawi yomweyo chigonjetso pa mantha ake ndi kusatetezeka.
Mufilimu ya Alfred Hitchcock Psycho, khalidwe la ngwazi (kapena woipa) Norman Bates amafanana kwambiri ndi khalidwe la anthu enieni omwe ali ndi dissociative identity disorder (DID). Mutha kupezanso zolemba pa intaneti pomwe Norman amamupeza motsatira njira za International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10): kupezeka mwa munthu m'modzi mwa anthu awiri kapena kupitilira apo, amnesia (munthu sadziwa chomwe chimayambitsa zina zikuchita pamene ali ndi thupi) , kuwonongeka kwa chisokonezo kupitirira malire a chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, kulengedwa kwa zopinga ku moyo wathunthu wa munthu. Kuonjezera apo, vutoli silichitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonongeka komanso ngati chizindikiro cha matenda a ubongo.
Hitchcock samangoyang'ana kuzunzika kwamkati kwa ngwazi, koma mphamvu yowononga ya maubale a makolo akabwera kudzalamulira ndi kukhala nazo. Ngwaziyo imataya nkhondo yodziyimira pawokha komanso ufulu wokonda munthu wina, kutembenukira kwenikweni kukhala amayi ake, omwe amawononga chilichonse chomwe chingakakamize fano lake pamutu wa mwana wake.
Mafilimuwa amapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati odwala a DID ndi omwe angakhale zigawenga. Koma sizili choncho
Kumwetulira pankhope ya Norman mukuwombera komaliza kumawoneka kowopsa, chifukwa sikuli kwake: thupi lake limatengedwa kuchokera mkati, ndipo alibe mwayi wobwezera ufulu wake.
Ndipo komabe, ngakhale chiwembu ndi mitu yochititsa chidwi, mafilimuwa amagwiritsa ntchito umunthu wogawanika ngati chida chopangira nkhani. Zotsatira zake, vuto lenileni limayamba kugwirizana ndi owonetsa mafilimu oopsa komanso osakhazikika. Katswiri wa sayansi ya zamaganizo a Simone Reinders, wofufuza za dissociative dissociative, akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi zomwe anthu angatenge atawonera mafilimuwa.
"Amapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati odwala a DID ndi omwe angakhale zigawenga. Koma sichoncho. Nthaŵi zambiri, amayesa kubisa mavuto awo a m’maganizo.”
Njira yamaganizo yomwe imapangitsa kuti anthu azigawanika amapangidwa kuti athetse kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri kwa munthu mwamsanga. "Tonsefe tili ndi njira yapadziko lonse yodzipatula ngati yankho la kupsinjika kwakukulu," akufotokoza motero katswiri wa zamaganizo ndi katswiri wamaganizo Yakov Kochetkov. - Tikachita mantha kwambiri, gawo la umunthu wathu - ndendende, nthawi yomwe umunthu wathu umakhala - imatayika. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pazochitika zankhondo kapena tsoka: munthu amapita kunkhondo kapena kuwuluka mu ndege yakugwa ndikudziwona ali kumbali.
“Anthu ambiri amasiyana nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi, ndipo ena amatero nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi kotero kuti kudzilekanitsa ndiko njira yawo yaikulu yochitira zinthu akapsinjika maganizo,” analemba motero katswiri wa zamaganizo Nancy McWilliams.
Mu mndandanda "So Different Tara" chiwembu chimamangidwa mozungulira momwe munthu dissociative (wojambula Tara) amathetsa mavuto ambiri: mu maubwenzi achikondi, kuntchito, ndi ana. Pankhaniyi, «munthu» akhoza kukhala magwero a mavuto ndi opulumutsa. Aliyense wa iwo lili chidutswa cha umunthu heroine a: wodzipereka mayi Alice munthu chilango ndi dongosolo (Super-Ego), mtsikana Birdie - ubwana wake, ndi wamwano msilikali Buck - "wovuta" zilakolako.
Kuyesera kumvetsetsa momwe munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto la dissociative amamvera amapangidwa m'mafilimu monga The Three Faces of Eve and Sybil (2007). Onse awiri amachokera pa nkhani zenizeni. Chitsanzo cha Eva kuchokera mufilimu yoyamba ndi Chris Sizemore, m'modzi mwa odwala oyamba "ochiritsidwa" omwe ali ndi matendawa. Sizemore adagwirizana mwachangu ndi asing'anga ndi asing'anga, iye mwini adakonza zolembera za buku lonena za iye, ndipo adathandizira kufalitsa chidziwitso chokhudza dissociative disorder.
Kodi "Kugawanika" kudzatenga malo ati mndandandawu? Kumbali imodzi, makampani opanga mafilimu ali ndi malingaliro ake: ndikofunikira kwambiri kukopa ndi kusangalatsa owonera kuposa kumuuza momwe dziko limagwirira ntchito. Kumbali ina, ndi kuti komwe mungatenge kudzoza kuchokera, ngati si ku moyo weniweni?
Chinthu chachikulu ndikuzindikira kuti zenizeni zokhazokha ndizovuta komanso zolemera kuposa chithunzi chomwe chili pawindo.
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