Maluwa omezanitsidwa kapena ozika mizu: zomwe zili bwino, kubzala ndi kusamalira

Roses amasangalatsa anthu okhala m'chilimwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu ndi mitundu. Njira kukula mmera zimakhudza mbali ya zina chisamaliro. Choncho, pogula, wamaluwa odziwa bwino amakonda maluwa omezanitsidwa kapena ozika mizu.

Mbande zili za mitundu iwiri: yochokera ku zodulidwa ndikumezetsanidwa pachitsa cha rose.

Kodi maluwa okhala ndi mizu amatanthauza chiyani?

Nazale za m'minda zimapatsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yobzala. Mbande kukula ndi rooting cuttings, layering kapena kugawa chitsamba ndi kudzikonda mizu. Olima odziwa bwino zamaluwa amalabadira mitundu yosiyanasiyana, osati njira yoberekera, chifukwa amabala mbewu paokha.

Kulima maluwa ozika mizu sikutheka m'madera onse. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, choncho imalumikizidwa pamtengo. Mizu yolimba ya maluwa akutchire imapita pansi ndikudyetsa mphukira zazing'ono za shrub. Kumadera akumpoto, katemera amayikidwa pansi 2-3 cm, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amatetezedwa ndi humus ndi nthambi za spruce.

Wamaluwa ambiri amayesa kukulitsa mizu yawo kuchokera ku cuttings.

Mizu imapangidwa pambuyo pa miyezi 2-3. Komabe, mbande zazing'ono zimafunikabe kusungidwa, kotero kuti nyumba yotenthetsera imapangidwira ndikukulira m'nyumba. Mizu yaing'ono imatha kufa ndi kutentha kosachepera 0 ⁰C. M'chaka chachiwiri, chomeracho chimapereka mizu yamphamvu, ndi yokonzeka kuyika pansi, koma m'nyengo yozizira chitsamba chimakutidwa ndi ulusi wopanda nsalu. Zomera zokhala ndi mizu yake zimakhala zamphamvu kuposa anzawo omwe amamezetsanidwa pazitsa zakutchire zamaluwa okhala ndi moyo wautali komanso kukongola kwamaluwa.

Kodi kumtengowo ndi maluwa

Poyamba, chomeracho chinabweretsedwa kuchokera kumayiko otentha kumene kulibe nyengo yachisanu ndipo palibe mpumulo wofunikira. Choncho, anayamba kumezanitsa duwa pa chitsa cha duwa chakuthengo kuti alimbitse chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukulitsa kuzizira kwa chisanu.

Malo ambiri m'minda amagwiritsa ntchito njira yophukira, chifukwa izi zimafulumizitsa ntchito yobereketsa. Osati mitundu yonse yomwe imapereka mizu pa cuttings, kotero njira yolumikizira imagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngati malo omezanitsawo akwiriridwa m'nthaka, ndiye kuti duwa limatha kupereka mizu yake.

Rosehip ndi chomera champhamvu, ndipo nthawi zina chankhanza, chimalekerera nyengo yachisanu bwino, ndipo chimakula mwachangu. Amasamutsa mphamvu zonse ku duwa lomezanitsidwa.

Ngati kumezanitsa kukwiriridwa 3 cm pansi, mizu yake imatha kupanga kuchokera patsinde. Pakapita nthawi, amakula, ndipo mbewuyo idzalandira zakudya zowonjezera.

Choncho, duwa lolumikizidwa likhoza kukhala lokhazikika. M'dzinja, chomeracho chimakutidwa ndi humus ndikukutidwa ndi agrofiber kuti duwa lipulumuke m'nyengo yozizira. Nthawi zina chitsacho chimauma, motero mizu yake imathandizira kuti duwa likhalebe ndi moyo.

Akatswiri amalangiza kuti asakwirire floribundas ndi mitundu ya tiyi wosakanizidwa ya maluwa, chifukwa malo omezanitsawo amawola ndipo mbewuyo imafa, ndikusiya maluwa akutchire kuti akule. Olima maluwa ochokera kumpoto kwa dzikolo amangogula mbewu zomezanitsidwa, chifukwa maluwa okhala ndi mizu sangathe kupirira nyengo yachisanu.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa maluwa omezanitsidwa ndi omwe ali ndi mizu yawo?

Olima odziwa bwino zamaluwa salabadira njira yofalitsira, chifukwa amadziwa momwe angakulire maluwa paokha, amakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi mtundu ndi mitundu. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pawokha-mizu ndi kumezanitsa maluwa kumawonetsedwa pakukula kwachitsa ndi chitetezo champhamvu mumitundu yambiri.

Zomera zomezanitsidwa zimakula m'malo osiyanasiyana anyengo. Maluwa okhala ndi mizu amakondedwa ndi madera akumwera. Odziwa wamaluwa amakulitsa malo omezanitsa pobzala kuti mbewuyo ikule mizu yake. Njira yophatikizikayi imakupatsani mwayi wofulumizitsa kukula kwa shrub ndikuwonjezera chitetezo chokwanira.

Mitundu ya paki, mitundu yokwera ndi floribunda imakula pamizu yawo ndikulekerera kutentha pang'ono.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa maluwa okhala ndi mizu

Chomera chilichonse chili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zingapo. Makhalidwe abwino ndi awa:

• kukana matenda a virus;
• makhalidwe a nyengo yozizira amawonjezeka;
• tchire amakhala zaka zoposa khumi;
• maluwa ambiri;
• kusowa kwa mphukira;
• pamene nthambi zimaundana, khosi la basal limakhalabe lamoyo, ndipo mphukira zatsopano zimakula kuchokera ku masamba ogona.

Kuphatikiza pa zabwino zake, maluwa okhala ndi mizu ali ndi zovuta zingapo. Makhalidwe oipa ndi awa:

• mbande zazing'ono zimachulukitsa pang'onopang'ono misa, motero mbewuyo imakhala pachiwopsezo;
• njira yayitali yoberekera;
• zofuna mkulu pa zikuchokera nthaka.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kumtengowo maluwa

Oculated zomera ali pachiopsezo. Kuzizira kwambiri kumatha kuwononga gawo lomwe lili pamwambapa, koma popeza ali ndi mizu ya rosehip, duwa silidzayambiranso kukula kwake. Komanso, katemera malo akhoza kuvunda kapena kuvunda.

Kutalika kwa moyo wa duwa womezanitsidwa ndi zaka zisanu. Pakapita nthawi, khosi la basal limaponderezedwa ndi chiuno chakutchire, ndipo chitsamba chimatuluka. Kuphatikiza pa kuipa kwake, mbewu yophukira ili ndi zabwino zake:

• chulukitsani mwachangu;
• kupulumuka kwabwino kwa zodulidwa zofooka;
• mitundu yonse ndi mitundu imamera mizu;
• chomeracho chimakula mofulumira.

Katemera ndi maso ofooka akhoza kuvutika m'nyengo yozizira ndi kusefukira kwa masika

Momwe mungabzalire nokha maluwa okhazikika

Musanadzale zodula, konzani nthaka. Kwa maluwa okhazikika okha, dothi lopepuka, lothira bwino lomwe lili ndi humus ndiloyenera. Chinyezi chimasungidwa mu dongo gawo lapansi, chifukwa, kumezanitsa kapena muzu khosi kuvunda.

Shrub imakonda madera otentha, kotero malowa amasankhidwa kudera ladzuwa kapena pamthunzi pang'ono. Dongo silimatenthetsa, motero mchenga ndi humus zimawonjezeredwa ku dothi la loamy. Kumadera amapiri, mapiri akumwera chakumadzulo amasankhidwa.

Zodulidwa zimakololedwa m'chilimwe, masika ndi autumn 10-15 cm

Kwa mbande, mphukira zazing'ono zowonongeka zimasankhidwa. Roses amafalitsidwa ndikubzalidwa motsatira malangizo awa:

1. Pa cuttings, 10-15 cm kutalika, ma internodes atatu amasiyidwa.
2. Pansi pa kudula kumadulidwa pakona ya 45⁰, pamene 5 masentimita amachoka mu impso, 1 masentimita amasiyidwa pamwamba.
3. Masamba apansi amachotsedwa, ndipo apamwamba amadulidwa pakati.
4. Gawo lapansi limakonzedwa kuchokera ku mchenga, humus ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1. Kugona mu wowonjezera kutentha. Nyowetsani pang'ono nthaka.
5. Zodulidwa zimazama ndi 2 cm, kusiya mtunda wa 5 cm pakati pa mbande.
6. Phimbani ndi chivindikiro ndikuyika pamalo otentha amthunzi ndi kutentha kwa 23-25 ⁰C. Nthawi ndi nthawi, lowetsani mpweya ndikunyowetsa nthaka ndi mfuti yopopera.
7. Tsegulani chivindikiro patatha milungu itatu. Mbande ndi kuziika mu osiyana miphika.
8. Chaka chotsatira, m'chaka, maenje obzala amakonzedwa ndi kuya kwa masentimita 10-20. humus, peat ndi mchenga zimatsanuliridwa pansi. Sakanizani nthaka.
9. Mbande imachotsedwa mumiphika pamodzi ndi dothi. Anayikidwa kuti muzu khosi anali 3-4 masentimita pansi padziko.
10. Mbeuyo imakwiriridwa, kuthiriridwa bwino ndikupukutidwa ndi humus.

Kusamalira mizu ya rose

Mbande zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa m'chilimwe kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Maluwa amakonda humus, kotero wamaluwa odziwa bwino amalimbikira manyowa kapena zitosi m'madzi 1: 1 kwa masiku 10-15. Manyowa amchere amawonjezeredwa. Duwa limayankha bwino boron, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Feteleza azithiridwa motsatira malangizo a wopanga. Kudyetsa kwambiri kungayambitse zotsatira zosiyana, ndipo chomeracho chidzauma.

M'dzinja, mikwingwirima yowonongeka imadulidwa. Ndodo zobiriwira zimachotsedwanso, zinalibe nthawi yoti zikhale zolimba ndipo sizidzalekerera chisanu. Mu Seputembala-November, maluwa amakutidwa ndi humus. Zitsamba zazing'ono zimadulidwa mpaka 15 cm. Kumadera akumpoto, gawo lomwe lili pamwambali limapanikizidwa pansi ndikukutidwa ndi spunbond, ndikusiya mpweya. Ena amamanga mabokosi amatabwa. Kwa nyengo yozizira, feteleza wa potashi-phosphorous amathiridwa pansi pa muzu.

M'chaka, malo ogona amachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono, pamene chisanu chausiku chimayima, ndipo kutentha kwa usiku kosalekeza kwa + 5-10 kumakhazikitsidwa. ⁰C. Iwo kuyambitsa zovuta mchere feteleza, mmene muli apamwamba nayitrogeni okhutira.

Kutsiliza

Maluwa omezanitsidwa kapena ozikika okha amakhala ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zingapo. Podziwa mtundu wa kubala, zimakhala zosavuta kuti mlimi azisamalira mbewuzo. Nurseries amapereka makasitomala kumtengowo mbande zomwe zikukula mofulumira.