The trochanter yaikulu (kuchokera ku Greek trokhantêr) imapanga chimodzi mwa zigawo za femur, fupa limodzi la ntchafu yomwe ili pakati pa chiuno ndi bondo.

malo. Trochanter yaikulu imayikidwa pamwamba pa kugwirizana kwa khosi ndi mutu wa femur. Ndilotalikirana, fupa lomalizali limapanga fupa lalitali kwambiri ndipo limaimira pafupifupi kotala la kukula kwa thupi. (1) Ndilonso fupa lalikulu kwambiri m’thupi la munthu ndipo lili ndi zigawo zitatu:

• mapeto oyandikira, omwe ali m'chiuno ndipo amapangidwa ndi magawo atatu (1):

  - mutu wa femur, womwe uli mu acetabulum, fupa la coxal, lomwe limapanga chiuno;

  - khosi la femur lomwe limagwirizanitsa mutu ndi diaphysis;

  - zazikulu ndi zazing'ono za trochanters, zowonetsera mafupa, zomwe zimayikidwa pamtunda wa kugwirizana kwa khosi ndi mutu.

• mapeto atali, omwe ali pamtunda wa bondo;
• diaphysis, kapena thupi, gawo lapakati la fupa lomwe lili pakati pa malekezero awiriwo.

kapangidwe. The trochanter yaikulu ndi fupa la mafupa lomwe limapanga malo olowetsamo minofu yambiri (2):

• minofu ya piramidi pamwamba pake;
• gluteus medius (kapena gluteus medius) ndi vastus lateralis minofu pamwamba pake;
• gluteus minimus (kapena gluteus minimus) ndi vastus lateralis minofu pamwamba pake;
• obturator ndi minofu yamapasa pamtunda wake wapakati

Kutumiza kunenepa. Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya femur, trochanter yaikulu imakhudzidwa ndi kufalitsa kulemera kwa thupi kuchokera ku fupa la chiuno kupita ku tibia. (3)

Mphamvu zamthupi. Chifukwa cha kuyika kosiyana kwa minofu, trochanter yayikulu imathandizira kuti thupi lizitha kusuntha komanso kuti likhale lolunjika. (3)

Ululu ukhoza kumveka mu trochanter yaikulu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kupweteka kwa trochanter wamkulu (4). Zomwe zimayambitsa ululuwu ndizosiyanasiyana koma zimatha kukhala zowopsa, zobadwa nazo kapena zotupa.

Matenda a mafupa. The trochanter wamkulu akhoza kukhudzidwa ndi mafupa pathologies.

• Kufooka kwa mafupa. Matendawa amachititsa kuchepa kwa mafupa omwe amapezeka mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 60. Amakulitsa kufooka kwa mafupa ndikulimbikitsa ngongole. (5)
• Khansa ya mafupa. Metastases amatha kukula m'mafupa. Maselo a khansa amenewa nthawi zambiri amachokera ku khansa yoyamba m'chiwalo china. (6)

Kuphwanya kwachikazi. Kuphwanya kwachikazi kofala kwambiri ndi komwe kumakhala pakhosi la chikazi, makamaka kwa anthu okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda osteoporosis. Zitha kuchitikanso mu trochanter yayikulu. Kuphulika kwa femur kumawonetsedwa ndi ululu m'chiuno.

Coxarthrosis. Matendawa amafanana ndi kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika kwa chiwombankhanga cha m'chiuno.

Trochinopathy of the Tertiary. Zomwe zimachitika m'matenda, tendinopathies zimatha kuchitika m'chigawo cha trochanter chachikulu (4). Iwo makamaka kuwonetseredwa ndi ululu pa khama. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatha kukhala zochokera m'mitundu yonse, komanso zakunja, mwachitsanzo, malo oyipa panthawi yamasewera.

Chithandizo cha mankhwala. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe apezeka, mankhwala ena amatha kuperekedwa kuti aziwongolera kapena kulimbitsa mafupa, komanso kuchepetsa ululu ndi kutupa.

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Kutengera mtundu wovulala, opareshoni imatha kuchitidwa ndikuyika zikhomo, mbale yosungika yolumikizira, chosinthira chakunja kapena nthawi zina ma prosthesis.

Chithandizo cha mafupa. Kutengera mtundu wovulala, kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulasitala kapena utomoni kumatha kuchitika.

Chithandizo chakuthupi. Mankhwala ochiritsira, monga physiotherapy kapena physiotherapy, akhoza kuperekedwa.

Chithandizo cha mahormonal, radiotherapy kapena chemotherapy. Mankhwalawa atha kuperekedwa malinga ndi mtundu ndi gawo la khansayo.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi. Matendawa amayamba ndi kuunika kwa ululu umene wodwalayo amamva m'munsi ndi m'chiuno.

Kuyesa kuyerekezera kwachipatala. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe akuganiziridwa kapena otsimikiziridwa, mayeso owonjezera amatha kuchitidwa monga X-ray, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI, scintigraphy kapena ngakhale fupa densitometry.

Kusanthula kwachipatala. Pofuna kuzindikira zovuta zina, kusanthula magazi kapena mkodzo kumatha kuchitika monga, mulingo wa phosphorous kapena calcium.

Kutulutsa mafupa. Nthawi zina, amatenga nyemba zamfupa kuti zitsimikizire kuti ali ndi matenda.

Mu Disembala 2015, magazini ya PLOS ONE idavumbulutsa nkhani yonena zakupezeka kwa chikazi chaumunthu kuchokera kumtundu wakale. (7) Atapezeka ku 1989 ku China, fupa ili silinaphunzire mpaka 2012. Kuyambira zaka 14, fupa ili likuwoneka kuti ndi la nyama yomwe ikuyandikiraHomo mafoni orHomo erectus. Anthu oyambilira akadatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka kumapeto kwa Ice Age yomaliza, zaka 10 zapitazo. Kupeza kumeneku kungatanthauze kukhalapo kwa mzere watsopano wosinthika (000).