Zamkatimu
Kapangidwe kake ka bowa ndi gawo la pansi (mycelium kapena mycelium) ndi pamwamba (mwendo ndi chipewa). Komanso, nthawi zambiri, mwendo umamangirizidwa ku chipewa mosamalitsa pakati. Koma palinso oimira Ufumu wa Bowa omwe alibe mwendo konse, kapena gawo ili la iwo silinaphatikizidwe pakati pa chipewa, koma limasunthidwa kwambiri m'mphepete. Mutha kupeza kufotokozera zamitundu iyi patsamba lino.
Bowa wopanda miyendo yokhala ndi kapu yoyera yozungulira
Крепидот изменчивый (Crepidotus variabilis).
Banja la Fibrous (Inocybaceae).
Nyengo: chilimwe yophukira.
Kukula: Paokha kapena m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ngati matupi a zipatso za matailosi.
Description:
Pamwamba pa kapu imakhala ngati-pubescent, nthawi zina imakhala yosalala m'mphepete, yoyera kapena yachikasu.
Mambale amatsatira, pafupipafupi, otakata, opepuka.
Chovalacho chimakhala chopendekera, chofanana ndi impso, chozungulira, chowoneka ngati chipolopolo kapena chopindika.
Mphepete mwa kapuyo imakutidwa mmwamba, wavy kapena lobed, mizere.
Mnofu ndi woyera, ndi kukoma kokoma.
Bowa wozungulira, wopanda tsinde, woyera alibe zakudya zopatsa thanzi chifukwa chochepa.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Растет pa отмерших ветвях ndi остатках древесины лиственных, реже хвойных пород, на мелких растительных остатках.
Soft crepidot (Crepidotus mollis).
Banja la Fibrous (Inocybaceae).
Nyengo: pakati pa Meyi - kumapeto kwa Okutobala.
Kukula: m'magulu.
Description:
Chovalacho ndi chozungulira, chozungulira, choyamba chosinthika, pambuyo pake ngati chipolopolo, chachikasu, chosalala kapena chatsitsi.
Zamkati ndi zofewa, zoyera kapena zowala, zopanda fungo.
Phesi ndi lateral, rudimentary, nthawi zambiri palibe.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, mafoloko, owoneka ngati fan amasiyana kuchokera pamalo pomwe kapu imamangiriridwa ku thunthu, kuwala.
Ndi bowa wozungulira wodyedwa wopanda phesi kapena wokhala ndi phesi lotsika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano (mutatha kuwira) kapena zouma.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Amamera pamitengo yakufa, nthambi zamitengo yolimba, kawirikawiri pamitengo ya conifers. Nthawi zina bowa wopanda tsindewu amapezeka pamitengo komanso m'maenje a mitengo yamoyo.
Bowa wa oyisitara (Pleurotus ostreatus).
Banja: Mycenaceae (Mycenaceae).
Nyengo: September-December.
Kukula: magulu, nthawi zambiri m'mitolo yowundana ya matupi 30 kapena kupitilira apo, amakulira limodzi m'munsi; nthawi zambiri payekha
Description:
Mambale ndi osowa, woonda, akutsika pa tsinde, ndi milatho pafupi ndi tsinde, yoyera, kutembenukira chikasu ndi zaka.
Chophimbacho ndi minofu, cholimba, chozungulira, chokhala ndi nsonga yopyapyala; mawonekedwe ake amakhala ngati khutu kapena pafupifupi kuzungulira (makamaka mu tsinde).
Zamkati ndi zoyera, wandiweyani, mu bowa wachichepere wofewa ndi wowutsa mudyo, pambuyo pake wolimba komanso wonyezimira.
Pamwamba pa kapu ndi yosalala, yonyezimira, nthawi zambiri wavy.
Phesi ndi lalifupi, nthawi zina losaoneka bwino, lowundana, losalekeza, lopindika kapena lopindika, lopendekera kumunsi, nthawi zambiri lopindika.
Mu bowa wamng'ono, kapu ndi convex, ndi m'mphepete wokutidwa.
Bowa wokoma wodyedwa. Ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa bowa woyera wozungulira wopanda zimayambira (kapu m'mimba mwake mpaka 10 cm); mu bowa akale, tsinde ndi inedible. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse - mwatsopano mu supu ndi maphunziro achiwiri, mu pickles, etc.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imamera pazitsa, nkhuni zakufa, zakufa kapena zamoyo, koma zofowoka, mitengo yosiyanasiyana yamitengo (oak, birch, phulusa lamapiri, aspen, msondodzi), kawirikawiri - conifers m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana, mapaki ndi minda. Amalimidwa pamafakitale ambiri m'maiko ambiri, kuphatikiza Dziko Lathu. Pansi pakupanga, imamera pafupifupi gawo lililonse lomwe lili ndi cellulose ndi lignin - utuchi, shavings, khungwa, mapepala, udzu, mabango, mankhusu a mpendadzuwa.
Bowa wina wokhala ndi miyendo yothamangitsidwa kapena wopanda iwo konse
Lentinellus yooneka ngati khutu (Lentinellus cochleatus).
Banja la Auriscalpiaceae.
Nyengo: chilimwe yophukira.
Kukula: m'magulu, nthawi zambiri m'magulu.
Description:
Miyendo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bulauni, yofananira, yolimba koma zotanuka, nthawi zambiri imakulira limodzi.
Mambale ndi osagwirizana, opepuka kuposa zisoti, akutsika motsatira tsinde.
Mnofu ndi wolimba, woyera, ndi fungo lamphamvu la tsabola.
Zipewa zimakhala zachikasu kapena zofiira zofiirira, mawonekedwe osiyana kwambiri, olimba, owonda.
Bowa sadyedwa chifukwa cha kulimba kwake komanso fungo lake lamphamvu.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imamera pazitsa zamitengo zowola.
Bowa wa autumn oyster (Panellus serotinus).
Banja: Mycenaceae (Mycenaceae).
Nyengo: kumapeto kwa September-December.
Kukula: m'magulu.
Kukula: m'magulu.
Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, kuwala, ndi zaka zimakhala zovuta ndi rubbery.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, amamatira kapena akutsika pang'ono, achikasu, akuda ndi zaka.
Mtundu wa chipewa ndi mitundu yambiri ya mithunzi yakuda.
Mwendo ndi lateral, nthawi zina pafupifupi kulibe, finely mamba, ocher kapena yellow-bulauni.
Chipewacho ndi minofu, finely pubescent, pang'ono mucous, chonyezimira nyengo yonyowa.
Zodyedwa ali achichepere; Bowa wokhwima ndi wolimba komanso ali ndi zikopa zokhuthala. Pambuyo otentha angagwiritsidwe ntchito yachiwiri maphunziro ndi pickles.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imamera m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana, pamitengo ya mossy yamitundu yophukira. Itha kubereka zipatso panthawi ya thaws pa kutentha kuchokera ku +5 ° C.
Bowa wa oyisitara (Pleurotus cornucopiae).
Banja: Mycenaceae (Mycenaceae).
Nyengo: kumapeto kwa Meyi - Okutobala.
Kukula: m'magulu.
Description:
Mnofu ndi woyera, minofu, kuumitsa ndi ukalamba, ndi fungo la mealy pang'ono.
Zolemba zotsikira patali pa tsinde, zochepa, zopapatiza, zoyera.
Chipewacho ndi chokhumudwa, chooneka ngati funnel, chofanana ndi nyanga, fawn kapena wotumbululuka wachikasu-ocher. Mphepete mwa kapu nthawi zambiri imakhala yozungulira.
Phesi ndi eccentric, kawirikawiri pakati kapena lateral, yopapatiza kumunsi, yolimba, yowala kapena yotumbululuka yachikasu.
Bowa amadyedwa akadali wamng'ono; zimafunika kuphika kale.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imakula pazitsa ndi mitengo yolimba yakugwa (elm, aspen, birch, oak, mapulo, phulusa lamapiri).
Nkhumba yonenepa (Tapinella atrotomentosus).
Banja: Tapinella (Tapinellaceae).
Nyengo: July - October.
Kukula: nokha.
Description:
Chipewacho ndi chowoneka bwino, chokhuthala, chokhala ndi suede pamwamba, chofiirira.
Mambale akutsika, pafupipafupi, ocher-chikasu.
Zamkati ndi kusungunuka, mdima pa odulidwa, caustic.
Mwendowo ndi wopindika, wopindika, wokutidwa ndi mulu wakuda m'litali mwake.
Zambiri zokhudza edability ndizotsutsana.
Ecology ndi kugawa:
Imamera m'nkhalango zosakanikirana komanso zosakanikirana pazitsa kapena mitengo ikuluikulu yakugwa yamitengo ya coniferous, makamaka spruces ndi paini. M'dziko lathu, amagawidwa ku Europe, ku Caucasus ndi Western Siberia.