Mitundu imabweretsa chisangalalo chachikulu mwa anthu. Diso limawafuna monga momwe limafunikira kuwala. Kumbukirani mmene timakhalira ndi moyo pamene, pa tsiku la mitambo, dzuŵa limaunikira modzidzimutsa mbali ina ya malowo ndipo mitunduyo imawala kwambiri. Mizere iyi ndi ya great thinker Goethe, yemwe anali woyamba kufotokoza mwadongosolo momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhudzira malingaliro athu.
Masiku ano timamvetsetsa momwe mitundu imakhudzira momwe timaonera dziko lapansi. Koma zaka mazana aŵiri zapitazo zimenezi sizinali zoonekeratu. M'modzi mwa anthu oyamba kutengera chiphunzitso chamitundu mozama anali Johann Wolfgang Goethe. Mu 1810 iye anasindikiza Doctrine of Colour, chipatso cha zaka makumi angapo za khama.
Chodabwitsa n’chakuti anaika ntchitoyi pamwamba pa ntchito zake zandakatulo, pokhulupirira kuti «akatulo abwino» anali patsogolo pake ndipo adzakhala pambuyo pake, ndipo chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti iye yekhayo m’zaka za zana lake, «amene amadziwa choonadi mu zovuta kwambiri. sayansi ya chiphunzitso cha mtundu» .
N’zoona kuti akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo ankakayikira ntchito yake, poiganizira kuti inali yosaphunzira. Koma "Chiphunzitso cha Mtundu" chinayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi afilosofi, kuchokera ku Arthur Schopenhauer kupita ku Ludwig Wittgenstein.
M'malo mwake, psychology yamitundu imachokera ku ntchitoyi.
Goethe anali woyamba kunena kuti «mitundu ina imayambitsa mikhalidwe yapadera yamalingaliro», kusanthula izi monga katswiri wazachilengedwe komanso wolemba ndakatulo.
Ndipo ngakhale pazaka 200 zapitazi, psychology ndi neuroscience zapita patsogolo kwambiri pophunzira mutuwu, zomwe Goethe adazipeza zikadali zofunikira ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi akatswiri, mwachitsanzo, posindikiza, kujambula, kupanga ndi luso laukadaulo.
Goethe amagawa mitunduyo kukhala "zabwino" - zachikasu, zofiira-chikasu, zachikasu-zofiira, ndi "zoipa" - zabuluu, zofiira-buluu ndi zofiira zabuluu. Mitundu ya gulu loyamba, akulemba, imapanga chisangalalo, chamoyo, chogwira ntchito, chachiwiri - chosakhazikika, chofewa komanso chodetsa nkhawa. Goethe amawona zobiriwira kukhala mtundu wosalowerera. Apa ndi momwe akufotokozera mitundu.
Yellow
"Paukhondo wake wapamwamba, wachikasu nthawi zonse amakhala wopepuka ndipo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kumveka bwino, chisangalalo ndi chithumwa chofewa.
Panthawiyi, zimakondweretsa ngati chilengedwe, kaya mu mawonekedwe a zovala, makatani, wallpaper. Golide wamtundu wangwiro amatipatsa, makamaka ngati kuwala kuonjezedwa, lingaliro latsopano komanso lalitali lamtundu uwuXNUMXbuXNUMXb; Momwemonso, utoto wonyezimira wachikasu, womwe umawoneka pa silika wonyezimira, mwachitsanzo, pa satin, umapangitsa chidwi komanso cholemekezeka.
Zochitika zikuwonetsa kuti chikasu chimapangitsa chidwi kwambiri komanso chosangalatsa. Choncho, pojambula, zimagwirizana ndi mbali yowunikira komanso yogwira ntchito ya chithunzicho.
Kutentha kumeneku kumamveka bwino kwambiri poyang'ana malo ena kudzera mugalasi lachikasu, makamaka pamasiku otuwa achisanu. Diso lidzasangalala, mtima udzakula, moyo udzasangalala; zikuwoneka kuti kutentha kukuwomba mwachindunji pa ife.
Ngati mtundu uwu mu chiyero chake ndi momveka bwino ndi wosangalatsa komanso wosangalatsa, mu mphamvu zake zonse uli ndi chinachake chosangalatsa komanso cholemekezeka, ndiye, kumbali ina, ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimapereka chithunzi chosasangalatsa ngati chiri chodetsedwa kapena kusuntha kwina. kwa malankhulidwe ozizira. . Kotero, mtundu wa sulfure, kutulutsa zobiriwira, uli ndi chinachake chosasangalatsa.
chikasu chofiira
"Popeza kuti palibe mtundu womwe ungaganizidwe kukhala wosasinthika, wachikasu, wokhuthala komanso wodetsedwa, ukhoza kukulirakulira mpaka kufiira. Mphamvu yamtundu ikukula, ndipo ikuwoneka kuti ndi yamphamvu komanso yokongola mumthunzi uwu. Chilichonse chomwe tanena zachikasu chikugwira ntchito pano, kumlingo wapamwamba kwambiri.
Chofiira-chikasu, makamaka, chimapangitsa diso kumva kutentha ndi chisangalalo, zomwe zimayimira mtundu wa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kuwala kofewa kwa dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, amakhalanso wosangalatsa m'malo ozungulira ndipo amakhala wachimwemwe kapena wowoneka bwino pazovala.
Yellow-red
Monga momwe mtundu wachikasu umadutsa mosavuta kukhala wofiira-chikasu, momwemonso mtundu wachikasu umatuluka mosasunthika kukhala wofiira wachikasu. Kusangalatsa kwachisangalalo kofiira-chikasu kumatipangitsa kukhala amphamvu kwambiri mumtundu wofiira wachikasu.
Mbali yogwira ntchito ikufika ku mphamvu zake zapamwamba kwambiri pano, ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu amphamvu, athanzi, okhwima makamaka amasangalala ndi utoto uwu. Chizoloŵezicho chimapezeka paliponse pakati pa anthu ankhanza. Ndipo pamene ana, atasiyidwa okha, amayamba kukongoletsa, samasiya cinnabar ndi minium.
Ndikokwanira kuyang'anitsitsa pamwamba pa chikasu chofiira kwambiri, kotero kuti zikuwoneka kuti mtundu uwu unagundadi maso athu. Zimayambitsa kugwedezeka kosaneneka ndipo zimasunga izi kumlingo wina wakuda.
Kuwonetsa mpango wachikasu ndi wofiira kumasokoneza ndipo kumapangitsa nyama kukwiya. Ndinkadziwanso anthu ophunzira omwe, pa tsiku la mitambo, sankatha kupirira akamakumana ndi munthu wovala chovala chofiira.
Blue
Monga momwe chikasu nthawi zonse chimabweretsa kuwala, momwemonso buluu tinganene kuti nthawi zonse limabweretsa china chakuda nacho.
Mtundu uwu uli ndi zachilendo komanso pafupifupi zosaneneka kwenikweni pa diso. Monga mtundu ndi mphamvu; koma imaima kumbali yoipa, ndipo m’kuyera kwake kopambana kuli, titero kunena kwake, kulibe kanthu kobvunda. Zimaphatikiza mtundu wina wa zotsutsana za chisangalalo ndi mpumulo.
Pamene tikuwona kutalika kwa kumwamba ndi mtunda wa mapiri ngati buluu, momwemonso buluu likuwoneka kuti likuyenda kutali ndi ife.
Monga momwe timafunira mofunitsitsa chinthu chokoma chomwe sichinatipeze, momwemonso timayang'ana buluu, osati chifukwa chakuti chimatithamangira, koma chifukwa chakuti chimatikoka nacho.
Bluu limatipangitsa kumva kuzizira, monga momwe zimatikumbutsa za mthunzi. Zipinda, zomalizidwa ndi buluu, zimawoneka ngati zazikulu, koma, kwenikweni, zopanda kanthu komanso zozizira.
Sizingatchedwe zosasangalatsa pamene mitundu yabwino ikuwonjezeredwa kumlingo wakutiwakuti ku buluu. Mtundu wobiriwira wa mafunde a m'nyanja ndi utoto wosangalatsa.
Buluu wofiira
"Buluu umakhala wofewa kwambiri kukhala wofiira, motero umakhala ndi china chake chogwira ntchito, ngakhale umakhala kumbali yongokhala. Koma chikhalidwe cha chisangalalo chomwe chimayambitsa ndi chosiyana kwambiri ndi chofiira-chikasu - sichikhala ndi moyo chifukwa chimayambitsa nkhawa.
Monga momwe kukula kwa mtundu wokha sikungatheke, kotero munthu angafune kupita patsogolo ndi mtundu uwu nthawi zonse, koma osati mofanana ndi wofiira-chikasu, nthawi zonse akupita patsogolo, koma kuti apeze malo omwe ndimatha kupuma.
Mu mawonekedwe ofooka kwambiri, timadziwa mtundu uwu pansi pa dzina la lilac; koma ngakhale pano ali ndi moyo, koma wopanda chimwemwe.
Buluu
"Nkhawa imeneyi imakula ndi kuthekera kwina, ndipo mwina tinganene kuti pepala lokhala ndi utoto wofiyira wabuluu silingathe kupirira. Chifukwa chake, ikapezeka muzovala, pa riboni kapena zokongoletsera zina, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumthunzi wofooka kwambiri komanso wopepuka; koma ngakhale mu mawonekedwe awa, malinga ndi chikhalidwe chake, amapanga chidwi chapadera kwambiri.
Red
"Zochita za mtundu uwu ndizopadera monga momwe zimakhalira. Amapereka chithunzi chofanana cha kuzama ndi ulemu, komanso kufuna kwabwino ndi zithumwa. Imatulutsa yoyamba mu mawonekedwe ake amdima, yachiwiri mu mawonekedwe ake osungunuka. Ndipo chotero ulemu wa ukalamba ndi ulemu wa unyamata ukhoza kuvekedwa mu mtundu umodzi.
Nkhaniyi ikutiuza zambiri za chizolowezi cha olamulira ndi utoto wofiirira. Mtundu uwu nthawi zonse umapereka chithunzithunzi chakuya ndi kukongola.
Magalasi ofiirira amawonetsa malo owala bwino mu kuwala kochititsa mantha. Kamvekedwe kameneka kamayenera kuphimba dziko lapansi ndi thambo pa tsiku lachiweruzo.
Green
"Ngati chikasu ndi buluu, zomwe timaziona kuti ndi zoyamba komanso zosavuta kwambiri, zimagwirizanitsidwa pakuwonekera koyamba pa sitepe yoyamba ya zochita zawo, ndiye kuti mtunduwo udzawoneka, womwe timautcha wobiriwira.
Diso lathu limapeza chikhutiro chenicheni mmenemo. Pamene awiri mayi mitundu ali osakaniza basi mulingo, kotero kuti palibe amene anaona, ndiye diso ndi mzimu amakhala pa osakaniza, monga pa losavuta mtundu. Sindikufuna ndipo sindingathe kupita patsogolo. Chifukwa chake, m'zipinda zomwe mumakhala nthawi zonse, masamba obiriwira amasankhidwa nthawi zambiri.