Kodi makolo amene ana awo amapambana amafanana chiyani?

Kuyamikira kapena kudzudzula? Konzani tsiku lake ndi mphindi kapena mupatseni ufulu wonse? Kukakamiza kukakamiza sayansi yeniyeni kapena kukulitsa luso lopanga? Tonsefe timaopa kuphonya makolo. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa akatswiri a zamaganizo avumbula mikhalidwe yambiri ya makolo amene ana awo achita bwino. Kodi makolo a mamilionea amtsogolo ndi apurezidenti amachita chiyani?

1. Amapempha ana kugwira ntchito zapakhomo.

Ana Julie Litcott-Hames, yemwe kale anali dean pa yunivesite ya Stanford komanso wolemba buku lakuti Let Them Go: How to Prepare Children for Adulthood (NTHAWI YOYAMBA, 2017) anati: ).

“Ana akamasulidwa ku homuweki, ndiye kuti sakumvetsetsa kuti ntchito imeneyi iyenera kuchitidwa,” akutsindika motero. Ana amene amathandiza makolo awo panyumba amapeza antchito achifundo ndi ogwirizana amene angathe kutenga udindo.

Julie Litcott-Hames amakhulupirira kuti mwamsanga mumaphunzitsa mwana ntchito, zimakhala bwino kwa iye - izi zidzapatsa ana lingaliro lakuti kukhala paokha kumatanthauza, choyamba, kukhala wokhoza kudzitumikira nokha ndikukonzekera moyo wanu.

2. Amasamala luso la ana locheza ndi anthu

Ana omwe ali ndi "social intelligence" - ndiko kuti, omwe amamvetsetsa bwino maganizo a ena, amatha kuthetsa mikangano ndikugwira ntchito mu gulu - nthawi zambiri amapeza maphunziro abwino ndi ntchito zanthawi zonse pofika zaka 25. Izi zikuwonetseredwa ndi kafukufuku wa University of Pennsylvania ndi Duke University, omwe adachitika kwa zaka 20.

M’malo mwake, ana amene luso lawo locheza ndi anthu silinakulitsidwe mothekera kwambiri kumangidwa, anali okonda kuledzera, ndipo kunali kovuta kwambiri kwa iwo kupeza ntchito.

“Imodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za makolo ndiyo kuphunzitsa mwana wawo luso lolankhulana bwino ndi kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino,” akutero wolemba kafukufuku wina dzina lake Christine Schubert. “M’mabanja amene amalabadira kwambiri nkhaniyi, ana amakula bwino m’maganizo ndipo amapulumuka mosavuta akamakula.”

3. Amayika mipiringidzo pamwamba

Zoyembekeza za makolo ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri ana. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kusanthula deta ya kafukufuku, yomwe inakhudza ana oposa zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi ku United States. "Makolo omwe adaneneratu za tsogolo labwino la ana awo adayesetsa kwambiri kuti ziyembekezozi zikhale zenizeni," olemba a kafukufukuyu akutero.

Mwinamwake zomwe zimatchedwa "Pygmalion effect" zimagwiranso ntchito: ziyembekezo zazikulu za makolo zimapangitsa ana kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti akwaniritse.

4. Amakhala ndi ubale wabwino wina ndi mzake

Ana a m'mabanja omwe mikangano imachitika mphindi iliyonse amakula mopanda chipambano kusiyana ndi anzawo ochokera m'mabanja omwe amalemekezana ndi kumvetserana. Izi zinanenedwa ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo ochokera ku yunivesite ya Illinois (USA).

Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, malo opanda mikangano anakhala chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuposa banja lonse: amayi osakwatiwa amene analera ana awo m’chikondi ndi chisamaliro, ana anali othekera kukhala opambana.

Kufufuza kwina kunasonyeza kuti pamene tate wosudzulidwa awona ana ake kaŵirikaŵiri ndi kusunga unansi wabwino ndi amayi awo, anawo amachita bwinopo. Koma pamene mkangano ukupitirira mu unansi wa makolo pambuyo pa chisudzulo, zimenezi zimayambukira moipa mwanayo.

5. Amatsogolera ndi chitsanzo.

Amayi omwe amatenga mimba ali achichepere (asanakwanitse zaka 18) amakhala ndi mwayi wosiyira sukulu ndikusapitiriza maphunziro awo.

Katswiri wa zamaganizo Eric Dubov anapeza kuti mlingo wa maphunziro wa makolo pa nthawi ya zaka zisanu ndi zitatu za mwanayo ukhoza kuneneratu molondola momwe angakhalire mwaluso m'zaka 40.

6. Amaphunzitsa masamu msanga

Mu 2007, kusanthula kwa data kuchokera kwa ana asukulu 35 ku US, Canada, ndi UK kunawonetsa kuti ophunzira omwe anali atadziwa kale masamu pofika kusukulu adawonetsa zotsatira zabwino mtsogolo.

Greg Duncan, mlembi wa kafukufukuyu anati: “Kudziŵa kuŵerenga koyambirira, kuŵerengera masamu ndi mfundo zake kumatsimikizira chipambano chamtsogolo osati pa sayansi yeniyeniyo, komanso pakuŵerenga. "Zomwe izi zikugwirizana nazo, sizingatheke kunena motsimikiza."

7. Amalimbikitsa ana awo kuti azikhulupirirana.

Kuzindikira komanso kuthekera kokhazikitsa kukhudzana ndi mwana, makamaka akadali achichepere, ndizofunikira kwambiri pa moyo wake wonse wamtsogolo. Izi zinanenedwa ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo ochokera ku yunivesite ya Minnesota (USA). Iwo adapeza kuti omwe adabadwira muumphawi ndi umphawi amapindula kwambiri m'maphunziro ngati anakulira m'malo achikondi ndi ofunda.

Pamene makolo «amayankha zizindikiro za mwana mwamsanga ndi mokwanira» ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mwanayo amatha bwinobwino kufufuza dziko, akhoza ngakhale kulipira zinthu zoipa monga malo osokonekera ndi otsika mlingo wa maphunziro, anati zamaganizo Lee Raby, mmodzi. a olemba maphunziro.

8. Sakhala ndi nkhawa nthawi zonse.

Katswiri wina wa za chikhalidwe cha anthu, dzina lake Kei Nomaguchi, ananena kuti: “Azimayi amene amathamangira kukagwira ntchito ndi ana, “amakhudza” anawo nkhawa zawo. Anaphunzira mmene nthawi imene makolo amakhala ndi ana awo imakhudzira moyo wawo komanso zimene adzachite m’tsogolo. Zinapezeka kuti pamenepa, osati kuchuluka kwa nthawi, koma khalidwe ndilofunika kwambiri.

Chisamaliro chochulukira, chofooketsa chikhoza kukhala chovulaza monga kunyalanyaza, akutsindika Kei Nomaguchi. Makolo amene amafuna kuteteza mwanayo ku ngozi samulola kuti asankhe zochita komanso kudziwa zimene akudziwa pamoyo wake.

9. Ali ndi "malingaliro akukula"

Njira imodzi yotsimikizirika yodziwira ngati mwana angapambane m’moyo ndiyo kuona mmene amaonera zinthu zimene zimamuyendera bwino kapena kulephera.

Katswiri wa zamaganizo ku Stanford Carol Dweck amasiyanitsa pakati pa malingaliro okhazikika ndi malingaliro akukula. Yoyamba imadziwika ndi chikhulupiliro chakuti malire a mphamvu zathu adayikidwa kuyambira pachiyambi ndipo sitingathe kusintha chilichonse. Chachiwiri, kuti tikwaniritse zambiri ndi khama.

Ngati makolo amauza mwana wina kuti ali ndi talente yobadwa nayo, ndipo wina kuti "analandidwa" mwachilengedwe, izi zitha kuvulaza onse awiri. Woyamba adzadera nkhawa moyo wake wonse chifukwa cha zotulukapo zosakhala bwino, akuwopa kutaya mphatso yake yamtengo wapatali, ndipo wachiŵiriyo angakane kudzigwirira ntchito ngakhale pang’ono, chifukwa “simungathe kusintha chilengedwe.”