Nthawi inanso mukayatsa mpope, mudzaze ketulo, ndi kudzipangira kapu ya khofi, ganizirani za kufunika kwa madzi pa moyo wathu. Zingaoneke ngati timagwiritsa ntchito madzi makamaka kumwa, kusamba ndi kuchapa. Koma kodi munayamba mwaganizirapo za kuchuluka kwa madzi amene amapangira chakudya chimene timadya, zovala zimene timavala, ndiponso moyo umene timakhala?
Mwachitsanzo, m’maŵa wina kapu ya khofi imafuna malita 140 a madzi! Malinga ndi bungwe la Food and Agriculture Organisation la United Nations, umu ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimafunika kuti kulima, kukonza ndi kunyamula nyemba zokwanira kapu imodzi.
Tikamagula m'sitolo, sitimaganizira zamadzi kawirikawiri, koma chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pazinthu zambiri zomwe zimathera m'mabotolo athu.
Kodi ndi madzi ochuluka bwanji omwe amapangidwa popanga chakudya?
Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwapadziko lonse lapansi, umu ndi momwe malita angati amadzi amafunikira kuti apange kilogalamu imodzi mwazakudya izi:
Ng'ombe - 15415
Mtedza - 9063
Mwanawankhosa - 8763
Nkhumba - 5988
Nkhuku - 4325
Mazira - 3265
Mbewu zambewu - 1644
Mkaka - 1020
Zipatso - 962
Masamba - 322
Kuthirira kwaulimi kumagwiritsa ntchito madzi 70% padziko lonse lapansi. Monga mukuonera, madzi ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama, komanso kulima mtedza. Pali avareji ya malita 15 a madzi pa kilogalamu imodzi ya ng'ombe - ndipo ambiri mwa iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito polima chakudya cha ziweto.
Poyerekeza, kukula kwa zipatso kumatenga madzi ochepa kwambiri: malita 70 pa apulosi. Koma madzi akamapangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso, kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amamwa kumawonjezeka - mpaka malita 190 pa galasi.
Koma si ulimi wokhawo umene umadalira kwambiri madzi. Lipoti la 2017 likusonyeza kuti m’chaka chimodzi, dziko la mafashoni linadya madzi okwanira kudzaza maiwe osambira okwana 32 miliyoni okwana Olympic. Ndipo, mwachiwonekere, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi m'makampani kudzawonjezeka ndi 2030% ndi 50.
Pangatenge malita 2720 amadzi kuti apange T-sheti yosavuta, komanso pafupifupi malita 10000 kuti apange jeans imodzi.
Koma madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zakudya ndi zovala ndi dontho mu chidebe poyerekeza ndi madzi a m’mafakitale. Padziko lonse lapansi, magetsi opangira malasha amawononga madzi ochuluka ngati anthu 1 biliyoni, ndipo 2 biliyoni mtsogolomu ngati magetsi onse omwe akukonzekera ayamba kugwira ntchito, malinga ndi Greenpeace.
Tsogolo lokhala ndi madzi ochepa
Chifukwa madzi a padziko lapansi sali opanda malire, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panopa ndi mafakitale, opanga ndi ogula ndizosakhazikika, makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi World Resources Institute, padzakhala anthu 2050 biliyoni Padziko Lapansi ndi 9,8, zomwe zidzawonjezera kwambiri kupanikizika kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo.
Lipoti la World Economic Forum Global Risk Report la 2019 likuti vuto la madzi ndi vuto lachinayi lalikulu kwambiri. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa madzi omwe alipo, kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo zimawononga dziko lapansi mtsogolo momwe madzi amafunikira kuposa momwe amaperekera. Izi zikhonza kuyambitsa mikangano ndi mavuto pamene ulimi, mphamvu, mafakitale ndi mabanja akupikisana pa madzi.
Kukula kwa vuto la madzi padziko lonse lapansi ndi lalikulu, makamaka chifukwa anthu 844 miliyoni alibebe madzi akumwa aukhondo ndipo 2,3 biliyoni alibe mwayi wopeza zimbudzi monga zimbudzi.