Momwe mungalembetsere deti mu Excel

Kugwira ntchito ndi nthawi ndi tsiku ndi gawo lofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito Microsoft Excel. Lero muphunzira momwe mungayikitsire deti m'njira zosiyanasiyana, momwe mungadziwire tsiku lamasiku ano pogwiritsa ntchito sitampu yanthawi, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zikhalidwe zosintha kwambiri. Mumvetsetsanso zochita zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito podzaza ndime kapena mzere ndi masiku a sabata.

Pali zosankha zingapo zowonjezera masiku ku Excel. Kutengera ndi zolinga zomwe mukutsata, zochita zimasiyana. Ndipo ntchitozo zitha kukhala chilichonse: tchulani tsiku la lero kapena yonjezerani tsiku pa pepala, lomwe lidzasinthidwa zokha ndikuwonetsa zomwe zili pa wotchi ndi kalendala. Kapena mukufuna kuti spreadsheet ikhale yodzaza ndi masiku abizinesi, kapena mukufuna kulemba tsiku mwachisawawa. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi zolinga zotani, lero muphunzira mmene mungazikwaniritsire.

Momwe mungayikitsire deti mu Excel

Wogwiritsa akhoza kulowa tsikulo mu spreadsheet pogwiritsa ntchito njira ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kulemba ngati Januware 1, 2020, kapena mutha kulemba ngati Januware 1.01.2020, XNUMX. Mosasamala mtundu womwe ungatchule tsikulo, pulogalamuyo imangozindikira kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo akufuna kuijambula. Nthawi zambiri, pulogalamuyo imapanga mtengo kutengera mtundu womwe wakhazikitsidwa mu Windows, koma nthawi zina kupanga kumatheka mwa mawonekedwe omwe wogwiritsa ntchito amawafotokozera.

Mulimonsemo, ngati mawonekedwe a tsiku la wogwiritsa ntchito sakukhutiritsa, akhoza kusintha m'maselo a selo. Kodi mungamvetse bwanji kuti mtengo womwe wogwiritsa ntchito adafotokoza, Excel adafotokoza ngati tsiku? Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuyanjanitsa kwa mtengo kumanja, osati kumanzere.

Ngati Excel sinathe kudziwa zomwe zidalowetsedwa ndikugawa mawonekedwe olondola, ndipo mukuwona kuti sizili pamphepete kumanja kwa selo, ndiye kuti mutha kuyesa kuyika tsikulo mwanjira ina iliyonse yomwe ili pafupi ndi yokhazikika. . Kuti muwone zomwe zilipo panopa, mukhoza kupita ku "Cell Format" menyu, yomwe ingapezeke mu gawo la "Nambala", lomwe lili pa "Home" tabu.

Ngati pakufunika izi, wogwiritsa ntchito akhoza kusintha mosavuta maonekedwe a chiwonetsero cha selo chomwe chimalembedwa ngati chomwe chili ndi tsikulo. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zenera la Maselo a Format lomwe lafotokozedwa pamwambapa.

Itha kutchedwanso kugwiritsa ntchito kiyi kuphatikiza Ctrl + 1.

Nthawi zina wogwiritsa ntchito amayang'anizana ndi vuto lomwe selo likuwonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a magulu ambiri omwe ali mmenemo. Monga lamulo, izi zikuwonetsa kuti pulogalamuyi imapempha wogwiritsa ntchito kuti awonjezere kukula kwa maselo. Kukonza vutoli ndikosavuta. Ndikokwanira kudina kawiri pamalire akumanja a gawo lomwe cholakwika ichi chikuwonetsedwa. Pambuyo pake, m'lifupi mwa maselo omwe ali mu gawoli adzadziwikiratu, kutengera kutalika kwa chingwe chalemba chomwe chili mmenemo.

Kapenanso, mutha kuyika kukula koyenera pokokera malire oyenera mpaka kukula kwa selo kuli kolondola.

Kuyika tsiku ndi nthawi yomwe ilipo

Pali njira ziwiri zoyikapo nthawi ndi tsiku mu Excel: static ndi dynamic. Yoyamba imakhala ngati chizindikiro cha nthawi. Njira yachiwiri imakulolani kuti muzisunga tsiku ndi nthawi yomwe ilipo mu selo.

Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani kuti chidindo chanthawi zonse chikhale chamakono? Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito njira zomwe zili pansipa. Nthawi zonse aziwonetsa tsiku ndi nthawi yomwe ilipo.

Ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa nthawi yokhazikika, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera za Excel zomwe zimatchedwa kugwiritsa ntchito makiyi otentha:

1. Ctrl +; kapena Ctrl + Shift + 4 - makiyi otenthawa amalowetsa m'chipindacho tsiku lomwe liri lofunikira panthawi yomwe munthuyo adina mabatani awa.
2. Ctrl + Shift +; kapena Ctrl + Shift + 6 - ndi thandizo lawo mukhoza kulemba nthawi yamakono.
3. Ngati mukufuna kuyika nthawi ndi tsiku zomwe zili zofunika pakadali pano, muyenera kukanikiza kaphatikizidwe ka kiyi yoyamba, kenako dinani batani la danga ndikuyitanitsa kuphatikiza kwachiwiri.

Ndi makiyi enieni ati oti mugwiritse ntchito? Zonse zimatengera masanjidwe omwe atsegulidwa. Ngati masanjidwe a Chingerezi ayamba, ndiye kuti kuphatikizika koyamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma ngati mawonekedwewo ndi achiwiri (ndiko kuti, omwe amatsatira nthawi yomweyo mawu akuti "kapena").

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ma hotkeys awa sikoyenera nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina, kuphatikiza chimodzi chokha chomwe tafotokoza pamwambapa chimagwira ntchito, mosasamala kanthu za chilankhulo chomwe chasankhidwa. Chifukwa chake, njira yabwino yomvetsetsa yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndikuyesa.

Monga lamulo, chitsanzocho ndi chotere: zonse zimadalira chinenero chomwe chinayikidwa panthawi yomwe fayilo inatsegulidwa. Ngati Chingerezi, ndiye kuti ngakhale mutasintha masanjidwewo kukhala , zinthu sizisintha konse. Ngati chinenerocho chinayikidwa, ndiye kuti ngakhale mutachisintha kukhala Chingerezi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chilinganizo chomwe chili choyenera chinenerocho.

Momwe mungakhazikitsire sitampu yanthawi zonse (ndi mafomula)

Kuti selo liwonetsere nthawi zonse, pali mafomu apadera. Koma ndondomeko yeniyeni imatengera ntchito zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito akutsata. Chifukwa chake, ngati chiwonetsero chanthawi zonse patebulo ndichokwanira, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi TDATA (), yomwe ilibe kutsutsana kulikonse. Tikayika mu selo, timasintha mawonekedwe ake kukhala "Nthawi" monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa.

Ngati pambuyo pake, kutengera deta iyi, muchita chinthu china ndikugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zake pamapangidwe, ndiye kuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ziwiri nthawi imodzi: =TSIKU()-LERO()

Zotsatira zake, chiwerengero cha masiku chidzakhala ziro. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yokhayo idzatsala ngati zotsatira zomwe zabwezedwa ndi formula iyi. Koma apa muyeneranso kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa nthawi kuti zonse ziziyenda ngati wotchi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito fomula, muyenera kulabadira ma nuances awa:

1. Zambiri sizisinthidwa nthawi zonse. Kuti tsiku ndi nthawi zisinthe kukhala zomwe zilipo, muyenera kutseka zenera, mutasunga kale, ndikutsegulanso. Komanso, zosinthazo zimachitika ngati mutsegula macro omwe amapangidwira ntchitoyi.
2. Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito wotchi yadongosolo ngati gwero lake la data. Chifukwa chake, ngati asinthidwa molakwika, chilinganizocho sichigwiranso ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa zodziwikiratu za tsiku ndi nthawi kuchokera pa intaneti.

Tsopano tiyeni tiyerekeze mkhalidwe wotero. Tili ndi tebulo lomwe lili ndi mndandanda wa katundu womwe uli mu gawo A. Atangotumizidwa, kasitomala ayenera kuyika mtengo wa "Inde" mu selo yapadera. Ntchito: konzani nthawi yomwe munthu adalemba mawu oti "Inde" ndipo nthawi yomweyo atetezeni kuti asasinthidwe.

Kodi tingatani kuti tikwaniritse cholinga chimenechi? Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito NGATI, yomwe idzakhalanso ndi ntchito yofanana, koma ndi deta kutengera mtengo wa selo lina. Ndikosavuta kuwonetsa izi ndi chitsanzo. Fomula idzawoneka motere: =IF(B2=”Inde”, IF(C2=””;TSIKU(); ​​C2); “”)

Tiyeni timvetsetse ndondomekoyi.

• B ndiye gawo lomwe timafunikira kulemba chitsimikiziro chotumizira.
• C2 ndi cell yomwe sitampu ya nthawi idzawonetsedwa tikalemba mawu oti "Inde" mu cell B2.

Njira yomwe ili pamwambayi imagwira ntchito motere. Imafufuza kuti ione ngati mawu oti “Inde” ali mu cell B2. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti cheke chachiwiri chikuchitika chomwe chimayang'ana ngati selo C2 ilibe kanthu. Ngati ndi choncho, ndiye kuti tsiku ndi nthawi yapano zimabwezedwa. Ngati palibe zomwe zili pamwambazi zimagwira ntchito IF muli ndi magawo ena, ndiye palibe chomwe chimasintha.

Ngati mukufuna kuti muyeso ukhale "ngati mtengo wina uli nawo", ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito "osafanana" <> woyendetsa mu chikhalidwe. Pankhaniyi, formula idzawoneka motere: =IF(B2<>“”; IF(C2=””;TSIKU(); ​​C2); “”)

Fomula iyi imagwira ntchito motere: choyamba, imayang'ana ngati pali zina zomwe zili muselo. Ngati inde, ndiye kuti cheke chachiwiri chimayamba. Kuonjezera apo, ndondomeko ya zochita imakhalabe yofanana.

Kuti fomulayi igwire ntchito mokwanira, muyenera kuloleza kuwerengera kolumikizana mu tabu ya "Fayilo" ndi gawo la "Zosankha - Mafomula". Pankhaniyi, ndi osafunika kuonetsetsa kuti selo imatchulidwa kuti. Kuchita kudzakhala koyipitsitsa kuchokera pa izi, koma magwiridwe antchito sangasinthe.

Momwe mungalembetsere masiku mu Excel

Ngati mukufuna kudzaza tebulo ndi masiku, ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu chapadera chotchedwa autocomplete. Tiyeni tiwone zochitika zina zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Tiyerekeze kuti tifunika kulemba ndandanda wa madeti, omwe tsiku lililonse ndi lakale kwambiri kuposa lakale. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito autocomplete monga momwe mungachitire ndi mtengo wina uliwonse. Choyamba muyenera kufotokoza tsiku loyambira m'chipindacho, kenako gwiritsani ntchito cholembera cha autocomplete kuti musunthire chilinganizocho pansi kapena kumanja, kutengera momwe chidziwitso chomwe chili patebulocho chili pa inu. Chizindikiro cha autofill ndi lalikulu lalikulu lomwe lili kumunsi kumanja kwa selo, polikoka, mutha kudzaza zambiri zambiri. Pulogalamuyi imadziwonetsera yokha momwe mungadzazitsire bwino, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolondola. Mu chithunzithunzi ichi, tadzaza masiku mumndandanda. Tapeza zotsatira zotsatirazi. 

Koma mwayi wokwanira wokwanira sizimathera pamenepo. Mutha kuzichita ngakhale molingana ndi masiku a sabata, miyezi kapena zaka. Pali njira ziwiri zochitira.

1. Gwiritsani ntchito chizindikiro cha autocomplete monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Pulogalamuyo ikangomaliza zonse, muyenera dinani chizindikirocho ndi zosankha za autocomplete ndikusankha njira yoyenera.
2. Kokani chikhomo chodzaza zokha ndi batani lakumanja la mbewa, ndipo mukachimasula, menyu yokhala ndi zoikamo idzawonekera yokha. Sankhani njira yomwe mukufuna ndikusangalala nayo.

Ndikothekanso kuyika zodziwikiratu masiku onse a N. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwonjezera mtengo ku selo, dinani kumanja pa chogwirira cha autocomplete, chigwiritsireni pansi ndikuchikokera pamalo omwe mukufuna kuti chiwerengerocho chithere. Pambuyo pake, sankhani "Kupititsa patsogolo" kudzaza njira ndikusankha mtengo wa sitepe.

Momwe mungayikitsire tsiku lomwe lilipo pamunsi

Pansipa ndi gawo la chikalatacho, chomwe ndi, titero, buku lonselo. Zambiri zitha kulowetsedwa pamenepo: dzina la munthu yemwe adalemba chikalatacho, tsiku lomwe zidachitika. Kuphatikizapo kuika tsiku lapano. Tsatirani malangizo omwe ali pansipa:

1. Tsegulani menyu ya "Insert", pomwe mumayitanira zosintha zapamutu ndi zapansi.
2. Onjezani zinthu zamutu zomwe mukufuna. Itha kukhala mawu wamba kapena tsiku, nthawi.

Chidziwitso chofunikira: tsikulo lidzakhala lokhazikika. Ndiko kuti, palibe njira yodzipangira yokha yosinthira nthawi zonse zomwe zili pamutu ndi m'munsi. Mukungoyenera kulemba kuchokera ku kiyibodi deta yomwe ili yoyenera panthawiyo.

Popeza kuti mitu ndi zapansi zimapangidwira kuwonetsa zambiri zautumiki zomwe sizikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi zomwe zili mu chikalatacho, sizomveka kuyika mafomu ndi zina zotero. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mafomu, mutha kulemba zonse zomwe mukufuna pamzere woyamba (ndikuwonjezera mzere wopanda kanthu pamalo ano ngati zina zasungidwa kale) ndikuzikonza kudzera pa "View" kapena "Window. ” tabu, kutengera mtundu wa ofesi yomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito (njira yoyamba ndi ya makope omwe adatulutsidwa pambuyo pa 2007, ndipo yachiwiri ndi ya omwe analipo nthawi imeneyo isanachitike).

Chifukwa chake, tidapeza njira zosiyanasiyana zoyika tsiku ndi nthawi mu Excel. Tikuwona kuti palibe chovuta mu izi, ndipo ngakhale mwana amatha kuzizindikira.