Zamkatimu
Ndi kanyumba chiti komwe kuli bwino? Inde, mwachibadwa monga momwe zingathere. Yathanzi kwambiri imapangidwa kuchokera ku mkaka wathunthu wachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito ferment ndi / kapena rennet. Zotsirizirazi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, kotero tchizi zabwino za rennet kanyumba sizingakhale zodula. Nthawi yake ya alumali ndi yaifupi, masiku angapo.
Kanyumba tchizi wathanzi kwambiri
Momwe kanyumba tchizi amawonekera zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwake. Pa kutentha kwakukulu, imakhala yowonjezereka komanso "rubberier", ndipo moyo wake wa alumali umawonjezeka. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, zakudya zimawonongeka. "Pogula, ndi bwino kuganizira kusasinthasintha: sankhani tchizi chofewa kwambiri, chofewa, chosanjikiza kanyumba - chimakonzedwa kuchokera ku mkaka wonse pa kutentha kochepa komanso popanda kugwiritsa ntchito calcium chloride, motero, imakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndi zakudya zina. ndipo adzatengedwa bwino. Kukhalapo kwa mbewu, mbewu, "kuuma" ndi kuuma nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza kugwiritsa ntchito calcium chloride kapena ufa wa mkaka. Mkaka wovuta kwambiri, umapangidwanso kuchokera ku mkaka wa ufa kapena zomwe zimatchedwa "kupanga mkaka," akutero katswiri wa zakudya ku Laboratory for Research and Innovation in Nutrition, CTO, membala wa National Association of Dietitians and Nutritionists. Marina Makisa... Dzina lina la mkaka kumanga ndi recombined mkaka, amapangidwa kuchokera skimmed mkaka ufa, zonona, mkaka mafuta, whey ndi zigawo zina za mkaka (zonse zosakaniza angapezeke zikuchokera amenewa kanyumba tchizi pa chizindikiro).
Tsoka ilo, kanyumba tchizi pamashelefu a sitolo m'mabokosi okongola nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku mkaka wa ufa kapena wophatikizanso. Wokondedwa ndi ambiri mkaka wambewu amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito calcium chloride, yomwe imadziwika kuti calcium chloride. Imawonjezeredwanso nthawi zambiri kuti ifulumizitse ndondomeko ya curdling. Chosakaniza ichi sichivulaza - koma curd yochokera ku ufa wowawasa ndi ma enzymes a rennet amawonedwabe kuti ndi okoma komanso athanzi.
Momwe mungasiyanitsire tchizi "weniweni" kanyumba?
Popanga zachilengedwe kanyumba tchizi ndizololedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka watsopano, chikhalidwe choyambirira, rennet ndi calcium chloride. Kirimu ndi mchere zimawonjezeredwa ku kanyumba tchizi. Sipayenera kukhala china chilichonse pamndandanda. Ndipo tchizi cha kanyumba chokhala ndi mafuta a masamba, zolimbitsa thupi, zokometsera, zokometsera zokometsera sizingatchulidwe choncho - izi curd product. Komanso, malinga ndi GOST, sikuyenera kukhala zotetezera mu kanyumba tchizi. Ma sorbates omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri (E201-203). Izi ndizo zotetezera zopanda vuto, koma simungatchule "chenicheni" kanyumba tchizi ndi iwo.
Mafuta okhutira a kanyumba tchizi: zomwe ziri bwino
Kukoma kwa kanyumba tchizi mwachindunji kumadalira mafuta ake. Popeza mafuta a mkaka wa ng'ombe wathunthu samakhala wokhazikika, mu mkaka "wopanga kunyumba", famu kanyumba tchizi mafuta okhutira amasinthasinthanso pang'ono. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta pa 100 g yazinthu, tchizi cha kanyumba chimagawidwa Mafuta (18%), molimba mtima (9%) ndi mafuta ochepa (3-4%), kanyumba tchizi, momwe mafuta osapitirira 1,8% amaganiziridwa wopanda mafuta… Nthawi zambiri, pamaphukusi a tchizi wopanda mafuta m'kanyumba, mawu okopa "0% mafuta" amawonekera. Komabe, kwenikweni, gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi la mafuta amkaka adakalipobe. Tchizi chokhala ndi mafuta ochepa kwambiri chimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, chimakhalanso ndi phosphorous yochulukirapo komanso mavitamini B12 ndi B3, koma mitundu yamafuta imakhala ndi carotene, mavitamini A ndi B2.
Calcium mu mkaka
Chodabwitsa: mu kanyumba kakang'ono kanyumba kamakhala ndi calcium yambiri kuposa mafuta: pafupifupi 175-225 mg pa 100 g motsutsana ndi 150 mg pa 100 g. Komabe, kashiamu amatengedwa kuchokera ku tchizi chamafuta ochepa komanso kuchokera ku kanyumba kakang'ono kamafuta kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, kuti atengeke, amafunikira mafuta, pomwe ena, ndi kuchuluka kwawo pazogulitsa, njira yotengera thupi imasokonekera. Choncho, ponena za calcium, mapuloteni ndi zakudya zina, akatswiri a zakudya amalingalira yabwino kanyumba tchizi 3-5% mafuta. "Malinga ndi zomwe asayansi apeza posachedwa, kupezeka kwa vitamini D m'thupi kumakhudza kwambiri kuyamwa kwa calcium. Ngati pali zokwanira, ndiye kuti calcium imayamwa bwino, ndipo mosemphanitsa, ngati palibe, zilibe kanthu kuti mumadya tchizi chamtundu wanji, "akutero Marina Makisha. Curd curd yokhala ndi calcium chloride (calcium chloride) imakhala ndi zambiri za microelement iyi - koma imatengedwa moyipa kwambiri kuposa momwe idakhalira mu curd.
"Real" curd amapangidwa m'njira zinayi: kugwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe choyambitsa mabakiteriya okha; kugwiritsa ntchito bakiteriya starter chikhalidwe ndi calcium kolorayidi; kugwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya oyambitsa chikhalidwe ndi ma enzymes a rennet; pogwiritsa ntchito chiyambi, rennet ndi calcium chloride.