Momwe mungadziwire zaka za nsomba ndi mamba: mawonekedwe a mphete zapachaka

Ili ndi funso losangalatsa kwambiri lomwe limadetsa nkhawa anthu ambiri osodza. Ngakhale, kumbali ina, izi sizofunikira kwenikweni ngati palibe zoletsa kugwira nsomba. Ena a iwo amadziŵa zaka pafupifupi malinga ndi kukula kwa nsombazo. Koma kukula ndi kulemera kwa nsombazo kungadalire zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo kupezeka kwa chakudya m’nkhokwe. Choncho, njira imeneyi amapereka zotsatira pafupifupi, ngakhale ndithu zokhutiritsa.

Palinso njira ina yomwe mungadziwire zaka zolondola za nsomba, mofanana ndi momwe zaka za mtengo pamtengo zimawerengedwera pogwiritsa ntchito mphete zapachaka. Mukhoza kudziwa za izi ndi mamba, ngati mutayang'anitsitsa, ndi mafupa ndi mphuno. Akatswiri omwe amagwira nawo ntchitoyi amadziwa pafupifupi chilichonse chokhudza nsomba: zaka zingati, kukula kwake kwakukulu, kangati zomwe zinabala, ndi zina zotero. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mamba a nsomba ali ngati khadi loyitana, kapena ndendende, ngati pasipoti.

Kudziwa zaka za nsomba ndi mamba

Mukayang'ana mamba ndi maikulosikopu, mutha kuwona mphete zachilendo, zofanana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimawonedwa pamtengo. mphete iliyonse ndi umboni kwa chaka china. Ndi mamba, n’zotheka kudziwa zaka za nsombayo komanso kutalika kwake, zomwe zakula kuposa chaka chathachi.

Zitsanzo zotalika mpaka mita imodzi zimakhala ndi masikelo okhala ndi ma radius mpaka 1 centimita. Mtunda wochokera ku mphete yapachaka (yoyamba) kupita kuchigawo chapakati cha sikelo ndi pafupifupi 1 mm. Kutengera chidziwitsochi, zitha kudziwika kuti nsomba yakula ndi masentimita 6 pachaka.

Ngati muyang'ana mamba pansi pa microscope, mukhoza kuona chinthu china, koma chofunika kwambiri - ichi ndi malo osagwirizana. Pamiyeso mumatha kuona zitunda ndi zonyowa, zomwe zimatchedwanso sclerites. M'chaka chimodzi cha moyo, 2 zigawo za sclerites zimawonekera - zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Sclerite yaikulu imasonyeza nthawi ya kukula kwa nsomba, ndipo yaing'ono imasonyeza nthawi yophukira-yozizira.

Ngati mumadziwa molondola kuchuluka kwa ma sclerites awiri, ndiye kuti mutha kudziwa zaka za nsomba. Koma, ngakhale mu nkhani iyi, muyenera kukhala ndi luso linalake.

Koma ili si vuto ngati nsomba ili ndi mamba akuluakulu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali mitundu ya nsomba yomwe imakhala ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono ndipo njirayi si yoyenera, chifukwa sizingatheke kuwerengera nthawi yomwe nsombazo zakhala. Ndiko kuti, ndizotheka kuwerengera, koma izi zidzafuna zida zapadera. Pankhaniyi, mafupa amatengedwa ngati maziko owerengera zaka za nsomba. Kuchokera pa izi, tikhoza kunena kuti sikophweka kuti munthu wamba apirire ntchitoyi, chifukwa ndondomekoyi imafuna zida zapadera.

Kodi mphete zapachaka zimapanga bwanji nsomba?

Kuti mudziwe molondola komanso molondola zaka za nsomba, m'pofunika kudziwa physiology ya kukula kwa mphete zapachaka.

Ngati muyang'anitsitsa, mukhoza kuona kuti mphetezo zimagawidwa m'magawo angapo: kuseri kwa mphete zazikulu ndi zowala ndi mphete zopapatiza komanso zakuda. Mphete yotakata imawonetsa nthawi yomwe nsomba idakula ndikukula. Monga lamulo, ndi masika, chilimwe ndi autumn. Mphete yamdima imapangidwa pamene nsomba ili m'madzi ozizira popanda chakudya chochepa. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira mphete zakuda mu nsomba, zomwe zimasonyeza zovuta nyengo yozizira.

Mphete zoterezi zimapangidwa chifukwa mafupa a nsomba ndi mamba ake amapatsidwa mawonekedwe monga maonekedwe a zigawo, malingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Komano, kukula kwa yunifolomu kapena chitukuko cha chigoba chimatheka ngati nsomba zili bwino, zomwe sizichitika.

Chaka chilichonse chokhala ndi moyo wa nsomba sichidziwika pa mamba kapena mafupa a nsomba. Poyamba, sikelo imakhala ndi mbale yowonekera. Chaka chotsatira, mbale yachiwiri imapanga pansi pake, yomwe imadutsa m'mphepete mwa yoyamba. Kenako chachitatu, kenako chachinayi, ndi zina zotero. Ngati nsomba ili pafupi zaka 5, ndiye kuti mamba ake amakhala ndi mbale 5, imodzi pambuyo pa inzake. Kumanga kotereku kumafanana ndi keke yosanjikiza, pamene kakang'ono kwambiri, koma mbale yakale kwambiri ili pamwamba, ndipo yaikulu, koma yaying'ono kwambiri, ili pansi.

Kodi mungawone bwanji mphete zapachaka mu nsomba

Ndizovuta kwambiri kuwerenga kapena kuzindikira mphete zapachaka mu nsomba, makamaka ndi maso. Choncho, muyenera kukhala ndi galasi lokulitsa kapena ma binoculars ngati chirichonse chikuchitika padziwe. Ngati mwaganiza zothana ndi vutoli kunyumba, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kudzipangira ma microscope. Musanayambe ndondomeko yokha, muyenera:

• Konzani masikelo kuti muwunike ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, muzimutsuka ndi mowa.
• Kuti muyang'ane, ndi bwino kutenga masikelo akuluakulu, omwe ali m'mbali.
• Sikelo sayenera kukhala ndi mawotchi kuwonongeka.

Kuti mawerengedwe olondola, m'pofunika kuganizira mtheradi ndi wachibale kukula sclerites. Pansi pa microscope, mphete zapachaka, zitunda ndi mapanga zidzawoneka. Pambuyo pa njira zingapo zoterozo, n'zotheka kudziwa zaka za nsomba zenizeni komanso molondola kwambiri.

Kodi zaka za nsomba zimawerengedwa bwanji?

Pogwiritsa ntchito mamba ndi mafupa, ndizotheka kudziwa molondola zaka za nsomba kapena kukula kwake chaka chatha. Izi zidzafunika microscope ndi zida zina. Malinga ndi mmene mamba amakhalira, n’zotheka kudziwa zimene zinachitikira nsombazi pa nthawi yoberekera, mwachitsanzo. M'mitundu ina ya nsomba, ikapita kukaswana, mamba amathyoka. Mwa izi, mutha kudziwa kuti ndi kangati nsomba zayamba kale m'moyo wake.

Kutsimikiza kwa zaka za nsomba zamitundu yosiyanasiyana

Zaka za nsomba zimakhala zosavuta kudziwa ngati ili ndi mamba owonda koma aatali. Chifukwa chake, ndizosavuta kudziwa zaka za pike, taimen, grayling, herring ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya nsomba.

Ndizovuta kwambiri kudziwa zaka za nsomba, burbot kapena eel. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kutenga mafupa athyathyathya ngati chitsanzo. Zaka za sturgeon zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuwala kwakukulu kwa zipsepse zakumbuyo. Kuti muchite izi, tengani mtanda waukulu kwambiri ndikuudula pamalo ake okulirapo. Kenako odulidwawo amapukutidwa kuti awonekere, pambuyo pake zidzatheka kuwona mphete zapachaka. Pambuyo pake, zakazo zimawerengedwa motsatira njira yovomerezeka, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyeso. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zaka za mitundu ina ya nsomba, monga nsomba zam’madzi.

Kuphatikiza pa njirazi, palinso njira ina, yomwe imachokera ku maphunziro a gill. Pazivundikiro za gill, zizindikiro, zofanana ndi zomwe zili pamiyeso, zimakhalabe chaka chilichonse. Asayansi atsimikiza kuti ngakhale nsomba zomwe zilibe chigoba zimakhala ndi mphete zapachaka. Mphete zotere zimapangidwa pamiyezi yokhuthala ya zipsepse za pachifuwa.

Kuti tidziwe kuchuluka kwa mtundu wina wa nsomba, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa momwe mtundu wina wa nsomba ukukulirakulira. Pali mitundu yomwe imabala mochedwa kwambiri. Ngati titenga nsomba ya Amur, ndiye kuti imayamba kubereka ali ndi zaka 20. Choncho, ngati mutadutsa pamtundu uliwonse, mutha kumvetsetsa kuti mtundu uliwonse umakhala wodziimira payekha ndipo mtundu uliwonse umakhala nthawi inayake. nthawi. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti asayansi adziwe kuti mtundu wina wa nsomba ungakhale nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti uzitha kulamulira kuchuluka kwa mitundu ina ya nsomba. Ponena za asodzi, kwa iwo pafupifupi zaka za nsomba sizikutanthauza chilichonse chofunikira.