Nsomba za Tugun: kufotokozera, malo okhala, njira zophera nsomba ndi maphikidwe

Tugun (tugunok) ndi nsomba yaying'ono yosowa kwambiri yomwe imapezeka m'mitsinje ndi nyanja za ku Siberia. Chotsatira chake, chimayamikiridwa kwambiri. Kwa ena okonda zakudya zopatsa thanzi, izi sizolepheretsa, chifukwa nsomba iyi ndi yoyenera kukonzekera zaluso zenizeni zophikira.

Kufotokozera mfundo za nsomba

Nsombazi ndi za banja la salimoni komanso za mtundu wa whitefish. Choyimira chaching'ono ichi cha banja la salimoni chimapezeka m'mitsinje yamadzi amchere yomwe ikuyenda ku Arctic Ocean. Kuphatikiza apo, amapezeka m'mitsinje yonse ya mitsinje ya Ural. Mwa anthu amatchedwanso njira kapena Sosva herring.

Anthu akuluakulu amafika kutalika osapitirira 20 cm ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 90. M’chaka chachiwiri cha moyo wake, amafika pa unamwali. Atha kukhala zaka 5 mpaka 7. Zakudya za nsombazi zimaphatikizapo mphutsi za tizilombo ndi plankton.

Mawonekedwe a fomu

Thupi la nsomba limadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, omwe amakutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono ndipo amagwa mosavuta ngati mutayesetsa. Nsombayi imakhala ndi mtundu wa silvery womwe umasiyanasiyana kuchokera kumdima kupita kumbuyo mpaka kupepuka kumbali ndi mimba. M'chigawo chakumbuyo kumbuyo kwa chipsepsecho ndi adipose fin.

Malo a Tugun

Ngakhale kuti nsombayi imapezeka m'madzi omwe samasiyana ndi kutentha kwakukulu, nsombayi imakonda kukhala m'madera otentha omwe ali m'madzi osaya, omwe pansi pake amakutidwa ndi miyala, komanso miyala yabwino yokhala ndi mchenga wambiri. .

Kansomba kakang'ono aka sikakonda kukhala m'malo ovuta a m'madzi, monga:

• Zolowera.
• Masikono.

Nthawi zambiri, nsomba iyi imapezeka m'kamwa mwa tinjira tating'onoting'ono. Masana, nsomba imasintha khalidwe lake: masana, tugun imakonda kukhala mozama, ndipo madzulo, imayamba kuyandikira kumtunda wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kusonkhanitsa mabala ambiri.

Kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene ayezi atasungunuka kale, nsomba zambiri za nsombazi zimathamangira ku mitsinje yaing'ono, ku ngalande zakuya ndi mbali zina zamadzi zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yofunda bwino. M'malo awa, amayamba kudyetsa mwachangu. Panthawi imeneyi, tugun imasankha madera okhala ndi matope pansi, kumene kuli chakudya chokwanira.

Pamene kuswana kumayamba, nsomba zimapita ku mitsinje yaing'ono, kufika zaka zitatu. Maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa Ogasiti ndipo amatha mpaka Seputembala. Kuswana kumayambira pakati pa Seputembala ndipo kumapitilira mpaka Novembala, pomwe malo osungiramo madzi amayamba kukutidwa ndi ayezi. Kutentha kwa madzi panthawiyi sikudutsa madigiri 3.

Pa nthawi yonse ya moyo, tugun samaswana chaka chilichonse. Nsombayi imayikira mazira m'madera omwe pali mchenga ndi miyala pansi, kuya kwake sikuposa 2 mamita. Atasesa mazirawo, nsombazo zimakhalabe m'nyengo yozizira m'madera omwewo.

Tugun ndi nsomba yomwe siichuluka kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha nsombazi chimadalira anthu okalamba, omwe amayika mazira 6000 nthawi imodzi. Anthu ang'onoang'ono amatha kuikira mazira 500 mpaka 1500. Izi zilinso chifukwa chakuti mazira a tugun ndi aakulu, chifukwa cha kukula kwa nsomba. M'mimba mwake ndi pafupifupi 2 mm, ndipo mtundu wake ndi wachikasu, wokhala ndi zofiira.

Zakudya za tugun zimakhala ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala pansi pa madzi ndi malire ake. Nsomba ina ikabereka, tugunok imadya caviar yake mosavuta. Mwachangu wa nsombazi amadya zooplankton. Nsombayo ikakhwima, imayamba kudya tizilombo tina tosaoneka bwino mpaka pamene chakudyacho chikadzadza ndi chakudya chachikulu.

Chilimwe chikafika ndipo kusuntha kwa tizilombo tapamtunda kumayamba, mtundu waukulu wa chakudya cha tugun ndi udzudzu wa belu ndi mayflies. Tizilombozi komanso, tizilombo tina timatha, nsomba zimayambanso kudya plankton.

Nsomba ndodo

Aliyense amene wagwira nsomba iyi kamodzi kokha amadziwa momwe zimasangalatsa komanso mosasamala. Iwo akugwira ntchito:

• m'nyengo yozizira. Malingana ndi zikhulupiliro zina, zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri pa ayezi womaliza. Amachigwira ndi ndodo wamba yozizira pa mormyshka ndi nyongolotsi zazing'ono, mphutsi zamagazi kapena mphutsi za burdock.
• Letom. Kusodza kumatengedwa kuti ndi kopindulitsa kwambiri kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti mpaka pakati pa Seputembala. Panthawi imeneyi, tugun imagwidwa:

1. Matenda, makamaka ndi kuyamba kwa mdima.
2. Kuchokera kumtunda. Kwa usodzi, ndodo yoyandama yokhazikika, nsomba zowuluka kapena kupota ndizoyenera.
3. Kuchokera m'bwato. Pankhaniyi, ndodo yophera m'nyengo yozizira yokhala ndi mormyshka imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yophera nsomba ili motere: nyamboyo imamira pansi, pomwe imakhala yamoyo pang'ono, kenako imakwera mpaka theka lakuya.

Popha nsomba m'chilimwe, nyambo monga mayflies, udzudzu, nyongolotsi, mphutsi zamagazi, ndi ntchentche zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Simuyenera kudyetsa tugun, chifukwa ndi wamanyazi kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo amachoka pamalo osodza. Ngati nsomba imodzi yathyoka mbedza, sukulu yonse imachoka. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kulumikiza molimba mtima pakuluma koyamba. Tugun imagwira ntchito ndikuyamba kwa dzuwa ndipo izi zimapitilira mpaka mdima wathunthu. Panthawi imeneyi, nsomba zoyera zimafika pafupi ndi gombe kuti zipeze chakudya chawo.

Tugun mu kuphika

Nyama ya Tugun ndi yofanana ndi kukoma kwa nyama yosungunula. Nyama yawo imanunkhira ngati nkhaka yatsopano. Monga lamulo, nsomba iyi imaphikidwa mwatsopano kwambiri. Ngati yagona kwa masiku angapo, ndiye kuti kukoma kwake kumasowa kwenikweni.

Chakudya chosangalatsa kwambiri ndi zokometsera zamchere za tugunok. Chakudyacho chimakonzedwa mwachangu, chifukwa maola 11-14 ndi okwanira ndipo mutha kudya nsomba. Mkhalidwe waukulu womwe umakhudza ubwino wa mankhwala omalizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nsomba zomwe zangogwidwa kumene. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti nsombazo zimathiridwa mchere mwachindunji pamalo osungiramo madzi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kubweretsa mchere, tsabola, chitowe, cloves ndi zonunkhira zina musanachoke. Pankhaniyi, pofika kunyumba, mutha kukhala ndi mbale yokonzeka.

Pano, mukamapha nsomba, mukhoza kuphika msuzi wokoma wa nsomba kuchokera ku tugunka. Komanso, sikoyenera kuyeretsa musanaphike. Mudzapeza msuzi wokoma komanso wolemera. Pano, monga chotupitsa, tugun ikhoza kuphikidwa pa makala.

Nsomba ya Tugun nayonso ndi yosiyana chifukwa ikaumitsidwa kenako n’kusungunuka, imataya makhalidwe ake okoma, omwe amayamikiridwa kwambiri pokonzekera.

Basic Maphikidwe

Kukonzekera nsomba zokomazi, mungagwiritse ntchito maphikidwe odziwika bwino omwe ali pansipa.

Zokometsera mchere tugunok

Kuti mupange chomaliza mudzafunika:

• 1 kg ya nsomba zatsopano zosasenda.
• 1 tbsp. ndi spoonful mchere.
• 55 ml madzi.
• 3 zidutswa za bay masamba.
• Supuni 1 ya coriander.
• 15 nandolo za allspice.
• 7 magalamu a chitowe.
• 4 nutmeg.

Magawo okonzekera:

1. Kuwaza nsomba zatsopano ndi mchere.
2. Tugunka mchere motere amayikidwa mu mizere enameled kapena glassware.
3. Madzi amathiridwa mu chidebe chosiyana, ndikuwonjezera zonunkhira ndikuyika moto. The zikuchokera kubweretsedwa kwa chithupsa ndi kuchotsedwa kutentha. Pambuyo pake, marinade ayenera kuziziritsa.
4. Pambuyo pozizira, nsomba yophika imatsanuliridwa ndi marinade.
5. Nsombazo zaphimbidwa, ndipo katundu amaikidwa pamwamba. Pamalo awa, amatumizidwa mufiriji kwa masiku angapo. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, nsomba zakonzeka kudya.

Uha njira

Kuti mupange supu yabwino, muyenera kukhala:

• 1 kg wa tugun watsopano.
• Mpaka mbatata khumi.
• 100 g wa unga wa rye.
• Mulu wa katsabola.
• Magulu angapo a anyezi wobiriwira.
• Zonunkhira ndi mchere kulawa.

Momwe mungakonzekerere:

1. Nsomba zimatsukidwa, ndikuchotsa mutu ndi matumbo.
2. Mbatata imaphwanyidwa mu cubes ndikutsanulira m'madzi otentha kale.
3. Mbatata ikatsala pang'ono kuphikidwa, nsomba, mchere ndi zonunkhira zimawonjezeredwa kwa izo.
4. Ufa umawonjezedwa apa ndikugwedezeka bwino kuti apewe kupanga zotupa.
5. Pambuyo pake, supuyo imaphimbidwa ndi chivindikiro ndikuyimirira kwa mphindi 10.
6. Kenako, mbaleyo ikatsala pang’ono kukonzeka, amawonjezedwamo anyezi obiriwira odulidwa bwino.
7. Moto umayatsa, pambuyo pake khutu liyenera kulowetsedwa kwa mphindi 30. Zotsatira zake ndi chakudya chokoma komanso chathanzi chomwe chimaperekedwa m'mbale.

Kutsiliza

Tugun ndi nsomba yosowa kwambiri yomwe ili ndi chidziwitso chokoma kwambiri. Ndizoyenera kuphika mbale zosiyanasiyana, koma zongogwidwa kumene. Patapita nthawi, ngakhale atazizira, amataya kukoma kwake. Monga momwe tawonera m'nkhaniyi, tugunok ndi yoyenera kwa salting, pokonzekera maphunziro oyambirira, ndi zina zotero, koma pa chikhalidwe chimodzi - nsomba ziyenera kugwidwa mwatsopano.