Momwe mungapezere ngongole ndi ngongole yoyipa mu 2022

Mabanki, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono (MFIs) ndi mabungwe a ngongole safunikira kufotokozera makasitomala chifukwa chomwe ngongole idakanidwa. Koma nthawi zambiri mumatha kumva kuchokera kwa oyang'anira kuti: "Muli ndi mbiri yoyipa yangongole." Ndiyeno munthu wofuna ndalama amagwa m’kamwa.

Mwina sanatengepo ngongole ku bungwe ili, koma aliyense amadziwa za iye. Kapena analandira ngongole, analipira pa nthawi yolakwika, ndipo izo zinafika kwa ichi. Zolakwa zachuma zakale si chiganizo. Tikuwuzani limodzi ndi akatswiri momwe mungapangire ngongole yokhala ndi mbiri yoyipa yangongole mu 2022 mu kalozera wathu watsatane-tsatane kwa owerenga.

Kodi mbiri yangongole ndi chiyani

Mbiri yakale yangongole (CI) ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zidziwitso zangongole zonse zomwe zidaperekedwa kale komanso ngongole zomwe munthu wapeza. Zambiri zimasungidwa muofesi ya mbiri yakale - BKI. Zambiri zomwe zilimo ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi mabanki onse, ma MFIs ndi mabungwe a ngongole.

Credit History Act¹ Yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 2004, koma imangowonjezeredwa ndikuyengedwa. Zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa anthu ndi mabanki. Zomwe sizodabwitsa, popeza ngongole zambiri zikutengedwa. Ndikofunikira kuti mabungwe azachuma awunike bwino chithunzi cha wobwereka kuti amvetsetse ngati angabwereke kapena kukana. Ndipo anthu ali ndi mtundu wa zolemba zanu momwe mungayesere ngongole zanu.

Zolemba mu BCI zimasungidwa kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri - pazochita zilizonse zangongole komanso kuyambira pomwe kusintha kwake komaliza. Tiyerekeze kuti mudatenga ngongole komaliza mu 2014, munalipira ngongole yanu kwa miyezi ingapo, ndipo mu 2022 munabweranso kudzatenga ngongole. Wobwereketsa adzayang'ana mbiri yanu yangongole koma osawona chilichonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangathe kudalira mbiri ya ngongole ndipo adzayenera kupanga chisankho potengera zinthu zina.

Chitsanzo china: munthu adatenga ngongole mu 2020 ndikulola kuchedwa kwa malipiro. Kenako mu 2021 ndidalandiranso ngongole ina. Mu 2022, adatembenukira ku banki kuti akapeze yatsopano. Anatumiza pempho kwa BKI ndipo adawona chithunzi chotsatira: panali kuchedwa, pali ngongole yotsalira. Bungwe lazachuma likhoza kudzipangira lokha: ndizowopsa kupereka ndalama kwa wobwereka wotero.

Ngongole yoyipa ndi mawu achibale. Palibe miyezo yofananira ndi malamulo oti wobwereketsa alembe mndandanda wakuda potengera zomwe zachokera ku BCI, ndi yemwe angagwire naye ntchito. Banki imodzi iwona kuti kasitomala wake yemwe atha kubweza adachedwa kubweza, ali ndi ngongole zomwe zatsala, komabe samawona kuti ndizofunika kwambiri ndipo amavomereza ngongoleyo. Bungwe lina lazachuma silingakonde kuti munthu nthawi ina anachedwetsapo kamodzi, ngakhale atabweza chilichonse.

Zoyenera kulandira ngongole yokhala ndi mbiri yoyipa yangongole

Momwe mungapezere ngongole yokhala ndi mbiri yoyipa yangongole sitepe ndi sitepe

1. Dziwani mbiri yanu ya ngongole

Mutha kupempha mbiri yaulere yangongole mu iliyonse ya BCIs kawiri pachaka pa intaneti komanso kamodzi pachaka - zolemba pamapepala. Zopempha zina zonse zidzaperekedwa - pafupifupi ma ruble 600 pa ntchitoyo.

Pali ma BCI akuluakulu asanu ndi atatu m'dziko lathu (nawa mndandanda wawo patsamba la Banki Yaikulu) ndi ena ochepa. Kuti mudziwe kumene mbiri yanu yasungidwa, pitani ku webusaiti ya State Services. Mukusakasaka, lembani: "Zambiri zamabizinesi angongole", kenako "Za anthu". 

Pasanathe tsiku - nthawi zambiri m'maola angapo - yankho lidzachokera ku Central Bank. Imalemba mabungwe omwe amasunga mbiri yanu yangongole, omwe amalumikizana nawo komanso ulalo watsambalo. Zikuwoneka motere:

Pitani kumasamba, lembani ndiyeno mutha kupempha lipoti. Ichi ndi chikalata chachikulu - nthawi yayitali komanso yolemera mbiri ya ngongole, imakhala yopindulitsa kwambiri. Ndendende mawu omwewo onena za wobwereketsa amalandiridwa ndi mabungwe azachuma pamene pempho la ngongole lalandiridwa.

Umu ndi momwe lipoti la mbiri ya ngongole ya United Credit Bureau limawonekera:

Kapangidwe kake kangakhale kosiyana, koma tanthauzo lake ndi lofanana kwa aliyense.

Mbiri ya ngongole ikuwonetsa momwe kasitomala adalipira zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazi, kaya panali kuchedwa, mwezi uti komanso nthawi yayitali bwanji.

2. Yang'anani pa ngongole yanu

Kuti zikhale zosavuta kwa mabanki kupanga zisankho, munthu aliyense amene amalembedwa mu ofesi ya ngongole amapatsidwa mphambu. Imatchedwa Individual Credit Rating (ICR). Kuyeza kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 999 mfundo. Tsopano sikelo ndi yolumikizana, ngakhale ma BCI akale amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yawo yowunikira. The zambiri mfundo, ndi wokongola kwambiri wobwereka kwa mabanki.

Mangongole mu 2022 atha kuwonedwa kwaulere kangapo zopanda malire. Umu ndi momwe mawu owerengera ngongole ochokera ku United Credit Bureau amawonekera.

Mavotiwo tsopano akutsagana ndi kumveka bwino kwazithunzi. Ndiko kuti, amapanga graph kapena, monga mu zitsanzo, mtundu wa speedometer ndi kulingalira. Malo ofiira - amatanthauza ngongole yochepa ya ngongole ndi mbiri yoipa ya ngongole. Yellow - zizindikiro zapakati. Chobiriwira komanso chobiriwira chobiriwira chimatanthauza kuti zonse zili bwino komanso zabwino kwambiri.

Ngati mulingo wanu uli pamalo ofiira, ndiye kuti mbiri yanu yangongole ndiyoyipa ndipo sizikhala zophweka kubwereketsa.

CHOFUNIKA

Pali zolakwika mu mbiri ya ngongole ndi mbiri ya ngongole. Zolakwika zokhudza ngongole ndi zolakwa, zopempha ku mabanki zomwe simunapange. Nthawi zina zolakwika zimatha kuphimba chithunzi cha wobwereka. Mutha kuchotsa zambiri zolakwika. Kuti muchite izi, mu 2022 ndikofunikira kulumikizana ndi banki yomwe idapanga zolakwika, kapena ofesi ya ngongole mwachindunji. Pasanathe masiku khumi ayenera kuyankha. Zimachitika kuti BKI sivomereza kuti cholakwika chachitika. Ndiye munthuyo ali ndi ufulu wopita kukhoti.

3. Funsani ngongole

Loya ndi katswiri wothandizira wa kampani "Financial and Legal Alliance" Alexey Sorokin imalankhula za njira iliyonse yangongole ndikuwunika kupambana kwake kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri yoyipa yangongole.

Banks

Mwayi wopeza ngongole: wotsika

Bungwe lalikulu lazachuma silingatengere zoopsa ndikupereka ndalama kwa wobwereka wosakhulupirika. Makamaka omwe ali ndi kuchedwa kotseguka panthawi yofunsira.

Langizo: ngati mukuganiza zoyamba ndi mabanki, musatumize mafomu onse nthawi imodzi. Mapulogalamu akuwonetsedwa mu BCI. Mabanki adzawona kuti zopempha zazikulu zalandiridwa kumeneko - ichi si chizindikiro chabwino kwa iwo. Sankhani 1-2 mabanki okhulupirika kwambiri. Mwina omwe mudatengapo ngongole kale kapena muli ndi akaunti yotsegulidwa. Dikirani yankho kuchokera kwa iwo. Ngati kukana, ntchito ku mabanki ena.

Mwavomerezedwa? Musadalire mawu abwino. Chiwongoladzanja chidzakhala chachikulu, ndipo nthawi yobwezera idzakhala yochepa.

Mabungwe ogula ngongole (CPC)

Mwayi wopeza ngongole: pafupifupi

Ma cooperatives amapangidwa motere: ogawana nawo amapereka ndalama zawo ku thumba limodzi. Kuchokera pamenepo, eni ake ena amatha kutenga ngongole pazosowa zawo. M'mbuyomu (mu USSR ndi Tsarist Dziko Lathu), anthu ammudzi okha, gulu limodzi, adakhala olowa nawo. Tsopano chiwembu chomwecho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, kuvomereza ndalama kuchokera kwa anthu ndi kupereka ngongole.

Zimagwira ntchito motere: wobwereka amabwera ku PDA ndikunena kuti akufuna kutenga ngongole. Amaperekedwa kuti akhale wogawana nawo. Nthawi zambiri, kwaulere. Tsopano popeza ndi membala wa cooperative, akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zake. Koma malingana ngati ku banki - ndiko kuti, kulipira ngongole ndi chiwongoladzanja.

Khalani tcheru polumikizana ndi CCP. Bungwe losakhulupirika likhoza kugwira ntchito pansi pa chizindikiro ichi. Chongani dzina mu kaundula wa Central Bank² Ngati inde, ndiye kuti zonse ndi zovomerezeka. M’ma cooperative, chiŵerengerocho n’chokwera kuposa cha mabanki, koma ndi okhulupirika kwambiri kwa anthu amene ali ndi mbiri yoipa ya ngongole.

Mabungwe a Microfinance (MFIs)

Mwayi wopeza ngongole: pamwamba pa avareji

M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, mabungwewa amatchedwa "ndalama zofulumira". Iwo ali okhulupirika kwa ambiri obwereketsa, koma chokhumudwitsa ndi chakuti ndalamazo zimaperekedwa pa chiwongoladzanja chachikulu (mpaka 365% pachaka, sizingatheke, monga momwe Banki Yaikulu idasankha.³). Uthenga wabwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ngongole yoipa ndikuti MFIs amakanidwa pazifukwa zabwino zokha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wobwereka akukana kusonyeza pasipoti. Mbiri yoyipa yangongole siili yofunika kwambiri kwa iwo.

Pawnshop

Mwayi wopeza ngongole: wapamwamba

Ma pawnshops nthawi zambiri safuna mbiri yangongole, chifukwa amatenga chinthu china ngati chikole. Nthawi zambiri, zodzikongoletsera, zida, magalimoto.

4. Yang'anani njira zina

Ngongole ikakanizidwa chifukwa changongole yoyipa, dziwani njira zina zopezera ndalama.

Kiredi. Banki sangavomereze ngongole, koma ivomereza kirediti kadi. Mudzakhala olangidwa pakubweza ngongoleyo ndikuwongolera mbiri yanu yangongole.

Overdraft. Ntchitoyi imalumikizidwa ndi ma kirediti kadi, ndiko kuti, makadi wamba akubanki. Si mabanki onse omwe ali ndi ndalama zowonjezera. Chofunika chake: kuthekera kopitilira malire a ndalama pa akaunti. Ndiko kuti, ndalamazo zidzakhala zoipa. Mwachitsanzo, ma ruble 100 anali pa khadi, mudagula ma ruble 3000 ndipo tsopano ndalamazo ndi -2900 rubles. Kubweza ngongole, monga makhadi a ngongole, kumakhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chokwera. Iyenera kubwezeredwa mkati mwa nthawi yochepa, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa mwezi umodzi.

Refinancing wa ngongole zakale. Nthaŵi zina mbiri yoipa ya ngongole imakhala yoipa osati chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zigawenga, koma chifukwa chakuti munthu ali ndi ngongole zambiri. Bungwe lazachuma likhoza kungoopa kuti kasitomala sangakokenso ngongole ina. Ndiye n'zomveka kutenga ndalama kuti refinance ngongole, kutseka ngongole mabanki ena patsogolo ndandanda ndi kukhala ndi ngongole imodzi.

5. Gwirizanani ndi zikhalidwe zonse zamabanki

Kulipirira mbiri yoyipa yangongole kungathe:

• obwereketsa anzawo ndi opereka guarantors.  Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti ali ndi zonse zomwe zili ndi mbiri ya ngongole ndipo anthu amavomereza kuti atseke ngongole ngati mukulephera;
• kupititsa patsogolo mbiri komanso kukonza mbiri ya ngongole. Palibe paliponse. Chofunikira ndichakuti kasitomala amatenga ngongole kubanki pazifukwa zosavomerezeka. Ndi kubweza kwakukulu, kwakanthawi kochepa. Koma ndalama zochepa. Ngongoleyi ikatsekedwa, banki imalonjeza kukhala yokhulupirika kwa inu ndikuvomereza ngongole yayikulu;
• pangano. Mabanki ali ndi ufulu kuvomereza nyumba - nyumba, nyumba, nyumba za dziko - monga chikole. Ngati wobwereka sangathe kulipira, chinthucho chidzagulitsidwa;
• Ntchito zowonjezera. Banki ikhoza kukhazikitsa ngongole: mumayamba ndi khadi la malipiro, kutsegula ndalama, kugwirizanitsa ntchito zina. Chofala kwambiri ndi inshuwaransi: moyo, thanzi, kuchotsedwa ntchito. Muyenera kulipira mochulukira pa izi, mwina kuchokera ku ndalama zomwe zidaperekedwa pangongole.

6. Ndondomeko ya bankirapuse

Ngati sapereka ngongole konse ndipo palibe njira yothanirana ndi yakaleyo, mutha kudutsa njira ya bankirapuse. Zowona, kwa zaka zisanu zikubwerazi, pofunsira ngongole, mudzayenera kudziwitsa mabanki ndi mabungwe ena azachuma kuti mwasowa. Ndi chowonadi chotere mu biography, ndizovuta kupeza ngongole. Koma ngongole zina zidzalembedwa, ndipo panthawiyi mbiri ya ngongole idzatsala pang'ono kutha kuchokera ku BCI - izi zikhoza kuonedwa ngati chiyambi cha moyo kuyambira pachiyambi.

Malangizo a akatswiri opeza ngongole yokhala ndi ngongole yoyipa

Katswiri wothandizira wa "Financial and Legal Alliance" Alexey Sorokin imatchula zomwe muyenera kupewa, ngati kuli kotheka, mukakhala kuti mukufunika kubwereketsa ndi mbiri yoyipa yangongole.

• Tengani ngongole yowonjezera kuti muteteze kuchedwa m'njira ina. Zatsopano za banki kapena MFI zitha kukhala zocheperako. Kuonjezera apo, ngongole yolemetsa imakhalabe.
• Pitani ku MFI. Mtengo ndi 365% pachaka, chindapusa chokulirapo ngakhale kuchedwa pang'ono, ma komishoni pazantchito zonse. Uwu ndi msampha wangongole womwe suli wosavuta kutulukamo.
• Tengani ngongole pa intaneti. M'malo mwake, awa ndi ma MFI omwewo. Koma chiopsezo kuchucha deta yanu ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pali masamba achinyengo: amalandila zolembera zanu, zitsanzo zosayina, ndipo amatengera kale ngongole m'malo mwanu.
• Lumikizanani ndi oyimira pakati. Amapereka ngongole yokulirapo kuti atseke zam'mbuyomu. Amalipiritsa peresenti ya mautumiki awo. Sachita manyazi kulemba zikalata zabodza zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti wobwereketsa amapeza ndalama molingana ndi satifiketi yaku banki ndi 2-misonkho yaumwini. Palibe amene angathe "kukambirana" ndi banki, kupatula inu: oyimira mbiri yoyipa ya ngongole sangathandize. Dumphani zotsatsa zakale zomwe zimalonjeza kuchotsa CI.

Anton Rogachevsky, wogwira ntchito ku analytical center ya Synergy University, katswiri wokhudza mabanki, adaperekanso malangizo ake.

- Mabanki amatha kukuwonani ngati wobwereka mokhulupirika ngati ndinu kasitomala wakale ndipo simunalakwitsepo chilichonse.

Polankhula za vuto lopanda chiyembekezo, tiyenera kutchula magulu angongole⁴. Chizindikirochi chimauza banki kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo cha ngongole pa ngongoleyo. Ngati ngongoleyo ili m'gulu la V la khalidwe ndipo imadziwika kuti ndi yoipa, ndiko kuti, simunabwezere konse ndipo simungathe kuchita, mwinamwake m'tsogolomu, simungathe kulandira ngongole kulikonse. Ndi gulu IV, mutha kukweza mavoti anu powonetsa njira zolipirira ndikuwonjezera zomwe mumapeza.

Munthu amene ali ndi ngongole yoipa nthawi zambiri amayenera kuthana ndi kukanidwa. Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungachitire:

• mwadala kutumiza mafomu ofunsira kubanki ndi chiyembekezo chakuti ena adzakhala okhulupirika kwambiri pankhaniyi;
• gwiritsani ntchito ma MFI omwe amamasula mfundo zina zoipa pamabuleki;
• lumikizanani ndi osunga ndalama.

Mbiri ya ngongole ikhoza kukonzedwa, koma ndondomekoyi si yachangu. Pafupifupi, zingatenge miyezi 6-12 kuti musinthe mbiri yanu yangongole. Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kuyang'ana pa chilango cha malipiro anu ngongole zina. Mutha kutenga ngongole zazing'ono kapena magawo kuti mugule zida zapakhomo, mafoni, ndi zina zotero. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi koyenera kupirira nthawi yonse ya malipiro, osati kuzimitsa patsogolo pa nthawi. Ngakhale zitatuluka zokwera mtengo pang'ono, zidzakuthandizani kwambiri kukweza ngongole yanu ngati wobwereka.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

mayankho Anton Rogachevsky, wogwira ntchito ku Analytical Center ya "Synergy" ya yunivesite, katswiri wodziwa za banki.

Magwero a

1. http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_51043/
2. https://www.cbr.ru/search/?text=государственный+реестр+кредитных+потребительских+кооперативов
3. https://www.cbr.ru/microfinance/
4. https://base.garant.ru/584458/1cafb24d049dcd1e7707a22d98e9858f/
5. https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/editions/vesti/399583/12/