Momwe mungakulire bowa kunyumba
Nyengo ya bowa ili pachimake, ndipo anthu anathamangira m’nkhalango kukadzaza madengu ndi zidebe ndi batala, bowa ndi bowa wamkaka. Komabe, pamene ena akufunafuna bowa, amangoyendayenda m’nkhalango, pamene ena amathyola hacienda wawo modekha. Mukufuna zomwezo? Momwe mungakulire bowa kunyumba

Komwe mungagule bowa wolima kunyumba

Ambiri amalingalira kuti: kuti mumere bowa, choyamba muyenera kuupeza m’nkhalango, kuukumba, kuudula, ndi kuubzala m’munda. Tsopano zonse n'zosavuta. M'sitolo iliyonse yam'munda - ziwonetsero zonse za mapaketi a bowa okhala ndi mycelium.

Ndikokwanira kungogula paketi, kumbuyo komwe kuli malangizo pang'onopang'ono amomwe mungabzalitsire bwino ndi kusamalira bowa wamtunduwu.

Kukula mikhalidwe

Bowa wina, monga bowa wa oyster ndi champignons, akhoza kulimidwa kunyumba - m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena pantry. Koma zimakhala zosavuta kuswana iwo m'munda.

Kukula bowa sikovuta monga momwe zingawonekere poyamba. Choyamba, muyenera kusankha zomwe mukufuna - bowa wamkaka, bowa, boletus, bowa kapena champignons. Ngati tsamba lanu lili ndi nkhalango - zingakhale zabwino. Komabe, muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndi nkhalango iti yomwe imakhala yonyowa kapena ya coniferous. Zimatengera mycelium yomwe ingamere mizu pamenepo ndikupanga thupi la fruiting. Koma ngakhale palibe nkhalango pafupi, ziribe kanthu, malo aliwonse ali ndi dimba.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zitsa polima bowa. Mwachitsanzo, panali chitsa chomwe chinasiyidwa pamtengo wina, musazule - apa mutha kubereka banja lonse la bowa. Gulani mycelium - ndikupita! Palinso bowa wachisanu womwe chitsacho chiyenera "kukhudzidwa" mu kugwa. Osadandaula, sadzafa. M'malo mwake, m'chaka, dzuwa likatentha mthunzi, amayamba kukula. Mukhozanso kusankha mitundu yachilimwe - simungalakwitsenso.

kubzala bowa

Kubzala bowa kumadalira mtundu wa mycelium.

Pa zitsa. Bowa wa m'mitengo monga bowa wa oyisitara, bowa wa m'dzinja, shiitake, nameko ndi bowa wa ayezi wa tremella amagulitsidwa ngati timitengo togwidwa ndi mycelium. Amabzalidwa pamitengo yamitundu ina yamitengo (yomwe yasonyezedwa m'mawu) yokhala ndi mainchesi 10 - 20 cm ndi kutalika pafupifupi 1 m, momwe mabowo ayenera kupangidwa pamtunda wa 20 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake komanso mozama kuposa kutalika kwa ndodo. Ndodo zimathamangitsidwa mpaka kuyimitsidwa, ndipo dzenje lokha limasindikizidwa ndi mapulagi amatabwa, sera kapena dongo - kotero kuti mabakiteriya ndi nkhungu spores asalowe mkati.

Mitengo imachotsedwa m'chipinda chamdima, chonyowa, chomwe chiyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino, ndikusiyidwa kuti chikule mycelium. Pambuyo pa miyezi 2 - 4 mudzawona "nkhungu" yoyera - iyi ndi mycelium. Koma mpaka ziwonekere, mitengoyo iyenera kuthiriridwa 2-3 pa sabata kwa mphindi 10-15.

Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa mycelium, mitengoyo imakumbidwa m'munda kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha pamtunda. Ndipo pakatha pafupifupi masabata 1 - 2, zoyamba za matupi a zipatso zimawonekera pa iwo.

Palinso njira zina zolima bowa wamtengo. Mwachitsanzo, bowa wa oyster mycelium akugulitsidwa pagawo lambewu (1), lomwe nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima bowa m'matumba - amadzazidwa ndi mbewu iliyonse: masamba, utuchi, udzu, mankhusu a buckwheat ngakhale makatoni. Ndipo bowa wa shiitake amatha kulimidwa mu utuchi wa paini (2).

M'nthaka. Bowa wapansi, mwachitsanzo, porcini, boletus, boletus, boletus, bowa wamkaka amabzalidwa m'nthaka. Ndipo awo mycelium amagulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a dzinthu kachilombo mycelium. Mtundu uliwonse wa bowa umafuna mtengo wake ngati umamera mu symbiosis. Mitengo yomwe ikufunika - ikuwonetsedwa mu malangizo omwe ali pa phukusi.

Kuti abereke bowa wotere, mabowo atatu amapangidwa mozungulira mtengowo ndi mainchesi 3 - 10 cm ndi kuya kwa 15 cm. Iwo amakutidwa theka ndi kompositi, zidutswa za mycelium zimayikidwa pamenepo, komanso zimakutidwa ndi kompositi pamwamba komanso mopepuka. Mabowowo amakutidwa ndi moss, masamba owuma ndi nthambi, kenako zobzala zimathiriridwa - mu ndowa imodzi yamadzi pa dzenje lililonse. Kuti mycelium iyi ikhazikike bwino, ndikofunikira kuthirira nthawi ndi nthawi ndi yankho la shuga - supuni 20 pa malita 1 a madzi.

“Khalani okonzeka kuti, mutakwaniritsa zonse zofunika, simudzakolola m’chaka choyamba,” akuchenjeza motero. katswiri wamaluwa Tatyana Kudryashova. - Zidzachitika mwina chaka chamawa kapena zaka ziwiri kenako. Bowa wamtengo wapatali! Ndi bwino kubzala bowa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, chisanu chikasungunuka ndipo dziko latenthedwa. Kufikira kutentha, ndikoyipa kupulumuka. Pavuli paki, pali chinyezi chochuluka, mvula imagwa mokwanira, ndipo dzuwa silitentha kwambiri. Ndikofunikiranso kuti muyenera kuthirira mycelium osati kamodzi pa sabata, monga momwe ambiri amachitira, koma nthawi zambiri momwe mungathere.

Ndipo kukula kwa bowa kumadalira kutentha. The m'munsi, yaitali mapangidwe mycelium.

Bowa loyera

Bowa woyera, kapena kuti bowa, ndi wovuta kwambiri kuswana. Gawo loyamba ndikukumba mozama ndi motakata pa bayonet ya spade.

“Kenako kumbani chingwe kumanja ndi kumanzere, kuchigawaniza m’mabwalo ofanana ndi kutembenuzira tubwalo,” akugawana uphungu wake. Tatiana Kudryashova. - Zofunda za humus za boletus zimafunikira, apo ayi sizikhala ndi moyo. Zidutswa za mycelium zimayikidwa pamenepo ndikuwaza ndi humus, yokutidwa ndi turf yochotsedwa ndikutsanulidwa mosamala ndi madzi.

Mycelium ikamera ndipo matupi a bowa amawonekera, kuthirira ndi chisamaliro kumatha kuyimitsidwa.

Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kuswana bowa wa porcini, boletus, boletus, boletus patsamba.

bowa

Kuti mumere ma champignon, pamafunika manyowa abwino kapena manyowa a akavalo ovunda (3).

Bowawa ndiwabwino kwambiri: samamera pansi kapena padzuwa, amafunikira shading, chinyezi china komanso kutentha, kotero malo awo ayenera kupezeka penapake pamthunzi wamunda.

Mphukira za champignons zimawoneka ngati nkhungu zoyera, zomwe zimapindika pang'onopang'ono kukhala mfundo zazing'ono - awa ndi bowa wamtsogolo. Kenako tsinde laling'ono ndi chipewa cha kukula kwa nsonga, kenako bowa.

Momwe mungawonjezere zokolola za bowa m'munda

Zokolola za bowa zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku mycelium zogulidwa zimatha kukhala zolimba. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta pansi pa mtengo umodzi akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa 6 - 17 zidutswa, boletus ndi boletus - zidutswa 5 - 15, bowa porcini - 2 - 5 kg, shiitake - mpaka 4 kg pa chipika, bowa oyisitara - 20 - 50% ya kulemera kwa chipika.

Koma ngati mukufuna kuonjezera zokolola za bowa, kubweretsa nthaka m'nkhalango. Mukungoyenera kupeza malo ndi mycelium yosangalatsa kwa ife, mwachitsanzo, yoyera kapena yamafuta, chotsani nthaka mosamala 15 cm ndikubweretsa kutsamba lanu. Ndipo pa malo, chotsani sod wa ndendende kukula ndi kuika nkhalango nthaka pamalo ano. Ndipo kale pa izo kubzala anagula mycelium.

Mwa njira, simungagule mycelium. Bweretsani bowa wakale kapena wamphutsi kuchokera m'nkhalango, kuwaza chipewa chake, kusakaniza ndi fumbi la nkhuni ndikumwaza pansi pa mitengo. Ndipo patapita kanthawi, bowa adzawonekera pamalo ano.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinakambirana za kulima bowa ndi Agronomist-woweta Svetlana Mikhailova - adagawana zambiri zakukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa.

Kodi bowa wa porcini angamere pansi pa mitengo iti?

M'minda yamaluwa, mutha kugula mycelium yamitundu iwiri ya bowa wa porcini. White bowa oak amamera pansi pa thundu, linden ndi beech kapena hornbeam kumadera akumwera. White bowa paini - pansi pa mapaini. Komanso, mitengoyo iyenera kukhala yaying'ono - osapitirira zaka 2.

Kodi mitengo ya thundu ingamere pansi pa mitengo iti?

Mitengo ya thundu ndi ma birches ndi oyenera dubovik, ndi beeches kumwera. Zaka zabwino kwambiri zamitengo kuswana bowa ndi zaka 6.

Ndi mitengo iti yomwe chanterelles ingakulire?

Chanterelles amakula bwino pansi pa mitengo ya paini - kumeneko amapereka zokolola zambiri.

Kodi truffles angabzalidwe pansi pa mitengo iti?

Truffle ndi yoyera, yomwe ndi mycelium yomwe nthawi zambiri imagulitsidwa m'minda yamaluwa, imakula bwino pansi pa mitengo ya thundu ndi hazel. Ndipo kumadera akummwera - pansi pa beeches.

Kodi bowa wa oyisitara angabzalidwe pamitengo yanji?

Pogulitsidwa pali mycelium yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa wa oyster, ndipo aliyense ali ndi zomwe amakonda: 

- wamba, Indian, pinki - birch, poplar, msondodzi, alder, aspen, oak, mapulo, chestnut, beech, hornbeam;

- mandimu ndi Colombian - birch, msondodzi, popula, mapulo, phulusa lamapiri, mitengo yazipatso, beech.

Kodi bowa angabzalidwe pamitengo yanji?

Bowa wa autumn ndi chilimwe amatha kukulitsidwa bwino pamitengo ya oak, birch, alder, poplar, phulusa, mapulo, beech, hornbeam ndi chestnut.

Magwero a

  1. Alekseenko EN, Polishko TM, Vinnikov AI Zomwe zimakulitsa mycelium ya bowa Plearotus ostreatus // Njira Zowongolera mu Zamoyo, 2010

    https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-vyraschivaniya-mitseliya-gribov-plearotus-ostreatus

  2. Komin PA Kulima bowa wa shiitake (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) pa utuchi wa coniferous // Bulletin of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, 2016

    https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/iskusstvennoe-vyraschivanie-griba-shiitake-lentinula-edodes-berk-pegler-na-hvoynyh-opilkah

  3. Shuin KA, Zakraevskaya NK, Ippolitova N.Ya. Munda kuyambira masika mpaka autumn // Minsk, Uradzhay, 1990 - 256 p.

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