Hormoni yofunikira pakuyenda bwino kwa kuyamwitsa, prolactin imatulutsidwa mumsewu waukulu kumapeto kwa mimba ndi masabata otsatila kubadwa kwa mwana. Kunja kwa nthawi yoberekera iyi, komabe, kuchuluka kwa prolactin kumatha kukhudza chonde. Mafotokozedwe.

Prolactin ndi mahomoni a hypohyseal. Ntchito yake: kukonzekera bere kuti lipange mkaka wa m'mawere ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mammary glands kuyambira kutha msinkhu kwa amayi. Mwa amuna ndi akazi onse, imakhala ndi mayankho pama cell a hypothalamic omwe amatulutsa GnRH (hormone yomwe imathandizira kupanga mahomoni ogonana.)

Zobisika mkati ndi kunja kwa mimba, tsiku lonse, zimasiyana malinga ndi zifukwa zingapo:

• zakudya zokhala ndi mapuloteni kapena shuga wambiri,
• kugona, - nkhawa (zakuthupi kapena zamaganizo),
• kugona kwa anesthesia,
• kumwa mankhwala enaake.

Kupanga kwa prolactin kumasinthanso panthawi ya msambo. Izi zimafika pamtunda wake wapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa kuzungulira, mofanana ndi nsonga za mahomoni a LH ndi estradiol. Imakhalanso yokwezeka panthawi ya luteal.

Prolactin ndi mimba, ndiye prolactin ndi kuyamwitsa zimagwirizana kwambiri. Ngati mulingo wabwinobwino wa prolactin ndi wosakwana 25 ng/ml, ukhoza kuwuka mpaka 150-200 ng/ml kumapeto kwa mimba ndi pachimake pambuyo pa kubadwa. Zoonadi, pambuyo pobereka ndipo makamaka pambuyo pobereka, milingo ya progesterone koma makamaka estrogen imatsika kwambiri, motero kutulutsa prolactin. Kutuluka kwa mkaka kumatha kuchitika.

Pambuyo pake, mwana akamayamwitsa kwambiri, m'pamenenso prolactin ndi oxytocin (hormone yofunikira yoyamwitsa) zimatulutsidwa, mkaka wa m'mawere umapangidwa nthawi zonse. Pafupifupi masiku 15 atabadwa, mlingo wa prolactin umayamba kutsika ndipo umabwereranso mmene unalili pakatha milungu 6 kuchokera pamene anabadwa.

Kupatula pa mimba, kuchuluka kwa prolactin kumatha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda omwe amakhudza kwambiri chonde: hyperprolactinemia. Kumayambiriro kwa chodabwitsa ichi: prolactin wowonjezera amasintha katulutsidwe ka GnRH, timadzi totulutsa pituitary gonatrophins, yomwe imayang'anira kupanga mahomoni LH (luteinizing hormone) ndi FSH (follicle stimulating hormone). Komabe, mahomoni omwewa amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakutulutsa ovulation. Umu ndi momwe timadziwira mosavuta chizindikiro chachikulu cha hyperprolactinemia mwa amayi: amenorrhea.

Zizindikiro zake zina:

• oligomenorrhea (zosakhazikika komanso zosakhazikika),
• gawo lalifupi la luteal,
• galactorrhea (kuthamanga kwa mkaka),
• osabereka.

Hyperprolactinemia: matenda achimuna nawonso

 Chodabwitsa kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa prolactin kumatha kupezekanso mwa anthu. Zambiri zovuta kuzindikira, zizindikiro zake zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukula kwa chotupa chomwe chilipo (mutu, etc.). Hyperprolactemia imathanso kutsagana ndi zizindikiro zina monga:

• kutaya chikhumbo,
• Kulephera kwa erectile,
• gynecomastia (kukula kwa mammary glands),
• galactorrhee,
• osabereka.

Kodi mungafotokoze bwanji hyperprolactinemia? Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa iatrogenic, mwachitsanzo, zotsatira za chithandizo chamankhwala choyambirira, ndizomwe zimayambitsa kukwera kwachilendo kwa prolactin. Mankhwala akuluakulu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi awa:

• neuroleptics,
• tricyclic antidepressants,
• metoclopramide ndi domperidone,
• mlingo waukulu wa estrogen (mapiritsi olerera samayambitsa hyperprolactinemia),
• mankhwala ena a antihistamine
• mankhwala ena a antihypertensive,
• opioids.

Chachiwiri ambiri chifukwa hyperprolactinemia: microadenomas, chosaopsa zotupa amene kukula si upambana 10 mm, anapanga mu pituitary gland. Rarer, macroadenomas (okulirapo kuposa 10 mm kukula) samatsagana ndi kuchuluka kwa prolactin kokha, komanso kupweteka kwamutu ndi zizindikiro za ophthalmologic (malo ochepera a masomphenya).

Zina zoyambira za hyperprolactinemia zitha kufunidwa pakusokonekera kwa hypothalamic-pituitary kuphatikiza chotupa cha hypothalamic (craniopharyngioma, glioma) kapena matenda olowa (sarcoidosis, X-hystocytosis, etc.).

 Pomaliza, ma pathologies ena amatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa prolactin, monga:

• micropolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS),
• hypothyroidism,
• kulephera kwaimpso kosatha,
• Cushing's syndrome,
• zotupa zina kapena zotupa za hypothalamus.