Zamkatimu
Kupambana kwa a Donald Trump pachisankho cha US kudadabwitsa aliyense. Ankaonedwa ngati wonyada, wamwano komanso wamwano ngakhale kwa wandale. Koma zinapezeka kuti makhalidwe amenewa sasokoneza kupambana ndi anthu. Akatswiri a zamaganizo ayesa kumvetsetsa zododometsa izi.
Mu ndale zazikulu, umunthu umagwirabe ntchito yaikulu. Timakhulupirira kuti munthu amene ali ndi ulamuliro ayenera kukhala woyenerera. Demokalase ikuwoneka kuti ilipo ndiye, kusankha oyenerera kwambiri. Koma muzochita, likukhalira kuti «mdima» umunthu mikhalidwe zambiri coexist ndi bwino.
Mu zisankho za ku America, onse awiri adalandira chiwerengero chofanana cha tomato wovunda. Trump anaimbidwa mlandu wa tsankho, adakumbutsidwa mawu achipongwe okhudza akazi, adaseka tsitsi lake. Clinton, nayenso, adadziwika kuti ndi wandale wonyoza komanso wachinyengo. Koma anthu awa ali pamwamba. Kodi pali kufotokozera kwa izi?
Njira ya (folk) chikondi
Atolankhani ambiri a sayansi ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo ayesa kumvetsetsa zomwe umunthu wa anthu awiriwa umawapangitsa kukhala okongola komanso onyansa - makamaka ngati ndale zapagulu. Chifukwa chake, osankhidwawo adawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso odziwika bwino a Big Five. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu pantchito yawo ndi olemba anzawo ntchito komanso akatswiri azamisala kusukulu.
Mbiri yoyeserera, monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira, imaphatikizapo zizindikiro zisanu: extraversion (momwe muliri ochezeka), kukomera mtima (kodi ndinu okonzeka kukumana ndi ena theka), chisamaliro (momwe mumachitira ndi zomwe mumachita komanso momwe mumakhala), neuroticism (momwe ndiwe wokhazikika m'malingaliro) ndi kumasuka ku zochitika zatsopano.
Kutha kupeza chikhulupiliro cha anthu komanso nthawi yomweyo kuwasiya osanong'oneza bondo ngati kuli kopindulitsa ndi njira yachikale ya sociopaths.
Koma njira imeneyi wakhala akudzudzulidwa kangapo: makamaka, «Zisanu» sangathe kudziwa propensity munthu khalidwe antisocial (mwachitsanzo, chinyengo ndi duplicity). Kutha kupambana anthu, kupeza chidaliro chawo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuwasiya osanong'oneza bondo ngati kuli kopindulitsa ndi njira yachikale ya sociopaths.
Chizindikiro chosowa «kukhulupirika - kutengera kunyenga» chiri mu mayeso a HEXACO. Akatswiri a zamaganizo a ku Canada, mothandizidwa ndi gulu la akatswiri, adayesa onse omwe asankhidwa ndikuzindikira mikhalidwe yonse yomwe imatchedwa Dark Triad (narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism).
"Onse awiri ndi abwino"
Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, ziŵerengero zotsika pa sikelo ya Kuona Mtima-Kudzichepetsa zimatanthauza kuti munthu amakonda “kunyengerera ena, kuwadyera masuku pamutu, kudziona kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri ndiponso wofunika kwambiri, kuswa makhalidwe kuti apindule nawo.”
Kuphatikiza kwa makhalidwe ena kumasonyeza momwe munthu amatha kubisa zolinga zake zenizeni komanso njira zomwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito kuti akwaniritse zolinga zake. Kuphatikizikako ndikomwe kumatsimikizira ngati munthu amakhala wobera anthu mumsewu, wofufuza bwino za masheya kapena wandale.
Hillary Clinton adalandira ziwerengero zochepa pazowona mtima-kudzichepetsa komanso malingaliro, zomwe zidawapangitsa kunena kuti "ali ndi mikhalidwe ya Machiavellian."
Donald Trump adakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi mtundu uwu: ochita kafukufuku adamuyesa kuti ndi wosakhulupirika, wosachezeka komanso wosadzichepetsa. "Makhalidwe ake amagwirizana kwambiri ndi psychopath ndi mtundu wa narcissist," olembawo adalemba. "Makhalidwe odana ndi anthu otere amadabwitsa chifukwa chake anthu aku America ambiri amathandizira Trump."
"Anthu amphamvu nthawi zonse amakhala ovuta pang'ono ..."
Poganizira zotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha umunthu wa Trump, adakwanitsa bwanji kuzindikirika chotere? “Kuthekera kumodzi,” wolemba wofufuzayo Beth Visser ndi anzake akulingalira motero, “kwakuti anthu samamuona monga munthu amene akanafunikira kuchita naye m’moyo, koma monga chitsanzo cha munthu wachipambano amene ali wokhoza kukwaniritsa zolinga.” Ngakhale ovota omwe adavotera Clinton sanazengereze kuvomereza kuti iwowo akufuna kukhala ngati Trump.
Mwina ichi ndiye chinsinsi cha chifukwa chake munthu yemweyo m'malo osiyanasiyana komanso mwa anthu osiyanasiyana amatha kudzutsa malingaliro otsutsana.
Kuyankha kochepa kungagwirizane ndi kudzikuza pakuwunika, koma kungakhale khalidwe lamtengo wapatali kwa wamalonda ndi ndale yemwe akuyembekezeka kukhala wotsimikiza komanso wolimba poteteza zofuna za kampani kapena dziko.
Kutengeka pang'ono kwamalingaliro kumatha kutibweretsera milandu yamwano, koma thandizo pantchito: mwachitsanzo, komwe muyenera kupanga zisankho zovuta ndikuyika pachiwopsezo. Kodi zimenezi si zimene kaŵirikaŵiri zimayembekezeredwa kwa mtsogoleri?
“Simuyimba muluzu choncho, simumagwedeza mapiko anu choncho”
Chinapha mnzake wa Trump ndi chiyani? Malinga ndi ochita kafukufuku, stereotypes ankaimba momutsutsa: chithunzi Clinton si kugwirizana n'komwe ndi njira imene mkazi amawunikidwa pagulu. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa zizindikiro zochepa za kudzichepetsa ndi maganizo.
Katswiri wa zilankhulo Deborah Tannen amachitcha kuti "msampha wapawiri": anthu amafuna kuti mkazi azikhala womvera komanso wodekha, komanso wandale kukhala wolimba, wokhoza kulamula ndi kuchita zomwe akufuna.
Ndizosangalatsa kuti zotsatira za kuyesa kwachilendo kwa olemba mapulogalamu aku Russia ochokera ku Mail.ru Gulu ndizogwirizana ndi izi. Anagwiritsa ntchito neural network - pulogalamu yophunzirira - kulosera yemwe adzakhale purezidenti wotsatira wa United States. Choyamba, pulogalamuyo inakonza zithunzi za anthu 14 miliyoni, n’kuziika m’magulu 21. Kenako adapatsidwa ntchito "yongoyerekeza" gulu lomwe samadziwa lidachokera.
Adalongosola Trump ndi mawu akuti "Prezidenti wakale", "purezidenti", "mlembi wamkulu", "purezidenti waku US, Purezidenti", Clinton - "mlembi wa boma", "donna", "first Lady", "auditor", "mtsikana".
Kuti mudziwe zambiri, Research Digest, British Psychological Society.