Januware 24 ndi tchuthi "chokoma" - Tsiku la International Popsicle (Tsiku Lapadziko Lonse la Eskimo Pie). Tsiku la kukhazikitsidwa kwake linasankhidwa chifukwa linali tsikuli mu 1922 pamene Christian Nelson, mwiniwake wa sitolo ya maswiti ku Onawa (Iowa, USA), analandira chilolezo cha popsicle.
Eskimo ndi ayisikilimu wotsekemera pa ndodo yokutidwa ndi chokoleti. Ngakhale mbiri yake imabwerera zaka zikwi zingapo (pali lingaliro lakuti kale ku Roma wakale mfumu Nero anadzilola yekha mchere wozizira wotere), ndi mwambo kuganizira Eskimo monga tsiku lobadwa. Ndipo, ndithudi, popsicle si ayisikilimu chabe, ndi chizindikiro cha masiku osasamala a chilimwe, kukoma kwa ubwana, chikondi chomwe ambiri adachisunga kwa moyo wonse.
Ndani ndi pamene "anatulukira" popsicle, yemwe anatulukira kuyika ndodo mmenemo, kumene dzina lake linachokera ... Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa odziwika kwambiri, mlembi wa ayisikilimu wamtunduwu ndi wophika mkate wina wophikira Christian Nelson, yemwe adapanga kuphimba briquette ya ayisikilimu wonyezimira ndi glaze ya chokoleti. Ndipo adachitcha "Eskimo Pie" (Eskimo pie). Izi zinachitika mu 1919, ndipo patapita zaka zitatu iye analandira setifiketi ya "kutulukira" izi.
Mawu omwewo "Eskimo", kachiwiri malinga ndi mtundu wina, adachokera ku French, omwe amatchedwa maovololo a ana, ofanana ndi zovala za Eskimo. Chifukwa chake, ayisikilimu, "atavala" mu chokoleti chokhazikika "ovololo", fanizo, ndipo adalandira dzina la popsicle.
Ziyeneranso kunenedwa kuti iyi inali popsicle yoyamba popanda ndodo yamatabwa - chikhalidwe chake chosasinthika, ndipo chinangopezeka mu 1934. Ngakhale kuti n'zovuta kunena zomwe zimabwera poyamba - popsicle kapena ndodo. Ena amatsatira chiphunzitso chakuti ndodo ndi yoyamba mu ayisikilimu. Ndipo zimachokera ku mfundo yakuti Frank Epperson wina, yemwe nthawi ina anasiya galasi la mandimu kuzizira ndi ndodo yogwedeza, patapita nthawi adapeza silinda ya zipatso za ayezi ndi ndodo yachisanu, yomwe inali yabwino kwambiri kudya. Choncho, mu 1905, anayamba kukonza mandimu ozizira pa ndodo, ndiyeno lingaliro ili linatengedwa ndi opanga popsicle.
Ngakhale zivute zitani, mtundu watsopano wa ayisikilimu unayambitsidwa padziko lapansi, ndipo pofika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1930 eskimo inapeza mafani m'mayiko ambiri ndipo sikutaya kutchuka kwake lero.
Mwa njira, chiwerengero chachikulu cha mafani a Eskimo ali ku Russia. Izo anaonekera mu Soviet Union kumbuyo mu 1937, monga amakhulupirira, pa yekha kanthu wa People's Commissar Chakudya cha USSR, amene ankakhulupirira kuti nzika Soviet ayenera kudya osachepera 5 makilogalamu (!) A ayisikilimu pachaka. Chifukwa chake, poyambirira idapangidwa ngati chakudya chokoma kwa anthu osachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, idasintha mawonekedwe ake ndipo idasankhidwa kukhala "zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zambiri komanso zotsitsimula zomwe zilinso ndi machiritso komanso zakudya." Mikoyan adanenetsanso kuti ayisikilimu ayenera kukhala chakudya chambiri komanso kuti apangidwe pamitengo yotsika mtengo.
Kupanga makamaka popsicle anayikidwa pa njanji mafakitale poyamba kokha mu Moscow - mu 1937, pa Moscow refrigeration fakitale nambala 8 (tsopano "Ice-Fili"), woyamba yaikulu ayisikilimu fakitale panthawiyo ndi mphamvu matani 25. patsiku adayikidwa ntchito (ayisikilimu asanapangidwe njira yamanja). Kenako ku likulu kunali kampeni yayikulu yotsatsira za mtundu watsopano wa ayisikilimu - popsicle. Mwamsanga kwambiri, masilinda onyezimira oundanawa adakhala chinthu chokondedwa kwambiri kwa ana ndi akulu omwe.
Posakhalitsa, zomera zosungirako zozizira komanso zokambirana zopanga popsicle zidawonekera m'mizinda ina ya Soviet. Poyamba, idapangidwa pamakina opangira dosing, ndipo pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yokonda Dziko Lapansi, mu 1947, "jenereta ya popsicle" yamtundu wa carousel idawonekera (pa Moskhladokombinat nambala 8), zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke kwambiri. kuchuluka kwa popsicle opangidwa.
Tiyenera kupereka msonkho ku ulamuliro wa khalidwe la mankhwala, popsicle anapangidwa kuchokera ku zonona zapamwamba kwambiri - ndipo izi ndizo zomwe zimachitika ku Soviet ayisikilimu. Kupatuka kulikonse ku kukoma, mtundu kapena fungo kunkaonedwa ngati ukwati. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi yogulitsa ayisikilimu inali yochepa kwa sabata imodzi, mosiyana ndi miyezi ingapo yamakono. Mwa njira, ayisikilimu aku Soviet ankakonda osati kunyumba kokha, matani oposa 2 a mankhwalawa ankatumizidwa kunja pachaka.
Pambuyo pake, mapangidwe ndi mtundu wa popsicle anasintha, ovals, parallelepipeds ndi ziwerengero zina m'malo mwa masilinda onyezimira, ayisikilimu yokha inayamba kupangidwa osati kuchokera ku kirimu, komanso kuchokera ku mkaka, kapena zotumphukira zake. Mapangidwe a glaze adasinthanso - chokoleti chachilengedwe chinasinthidwa ndi glazes ndi mafuta a masamba ndi utoto. Mndandanda wa opanga popsicle wakulanso. Chifukwa chake, lero aliyense amatha kusankha popsicle yomwe amakonda kuchokera pazakudya zambiri pamsika.
Koma, mosasamala kanthu za zokonda, pa International Popsicle Day, onse okonda zokoma izi akhoza kudya ndi tanthauzo lapadera, motero amakondwerera tchuthi ichi. Chinthu chachikulu kukumbukira ndi chakuti malinga ndi GOST yamakono, popsicle ikhoza kukhala pa ndodo ndi glaze, mwinamwake si popsicle.
Mwa njira, sikofunikira konse kugula zokometsera zozizira izi m'sitolo - mutha kuzipanga kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosavuta komanso zathanzi. Maphikidwewo si ovuta konse, ndipo amapezeka ngakhale kwa ophika osadziwa.