Nutritionists amabwereza mogwirizana - mankhwala opanda gluteni ndi athanzi ndipo amathandizira kuti asanenepe. Dziko lapansi ladzaza ndi gluten phobia. Alan Levinowitz adakhala zaka zisanu akufufuza kafukufuku wa mapuloteni opangidwa ndi zomera, akuyankhula ndi iwo omwe adasiya mpaka kalekale mkate, pasitala ndi chimanga. Kodi anapeza chiyani?
Psychology: Alan, ndiwe pulofesa wa filosofi ndi chipembedzo, osati katswiri wa zakudya. Munaganiza bwanji kulemba buku lokhudza zakudya?
Alan Levinovic: Katswiri wa zakudya (katswiri wa zakudya zopatsa thanzi. - Pafupifupi. Mkonzi.) sangalembe zinthu zotere (kuseka). Kupatula apo, mosiyana ndi akatswiri azakudya, ndimadziwa zipembedzo zambiri zapadziko lapansi ndipo ndili ndi lingaliro labwino la zomwe, mwachitsanzo, lamulo la kosher kapena zoletsa zazakudya zomwe otsatira a Taoism amatsata. Nachi chitsanzo chosavuta kwa inu. Zaka 2000 zapitazo, amonke achi Tao ankanena kuti zakudya zopanda tirigu, mwa zina, zingathandize munthu kupeza moyo wosafa, kutha kuuluka ndi kutumiza mauthenga pa telefoni, kuchotsa poizoni m’thupi lake, ndiponso kuchotsa ziphuphu zakumaso pakhungu lake. Patapita zaka mazana angapo, amonke a Chitao amodzimodziwo anayamba kulankhula za kusadya masamba. "Zoyera" ndi "zauve", "zoipa" ndi "zabwino" zopangidwa ndi chipembedzo chilichonse, m'dziko lililonse komanso nthawi iliyonse. Tsopano tili ndi "zoipa" - gluten, mafuta, mchere ndi shuga. Mawa, chinthu china chidzachitikadi.
Kampaniyi ndi yachisoni kwambiri ndi gluten. Kodi zidachoka bwanji kuchokera ku puloteni yodziwika pang'ono kupita ku Enemy #1? Nthawi zina zimawoneka kuti ngakhale mafuta a trans alibe vuto lililonse: pambuyo pake, sanalembedwe pazolemba zofiira!
AL: Sindisamala zolemba zochenjeza: tsankho la gilateni ndi matenda enieni, kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a celiac (chimbudzi chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa matumbo aang'ono ndi zakudya zina zomwe zili ndi mapuloteni ena. - Pafupifupi. Mkonzi), mapuloteni a masambawa amatsutsana. Malinga ndi kunena kwa asayansi, padakali anthu ochepa omwe amadwala nawo. Iwo, nawonso, amakakamizika kutsatira zakudya zopanda gluteni kapena zochepa zama carbohydrate. Koma musanapange matenda otere, muyenera kudutsa mayeso oyenerera ndikufunsana ndi dokotala. Kudzifufuza nokha ndi kudzichiritsa nokha ndizoopsa kwambiri. Kupatula gilateni pazakudya - pofuna kupewa - ndizovulaza kwambiri, zimatha kuyambitsa matenda ena, kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa chitsulo, calcium ndi mavitamini a B.
Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani kusokoneza gluten?
AL: Zinthu zambiri zimagwirizana. Ngakhale asayansi anayamba kuphunzira celiac matenda, mu America pachimake cha kutchuka anali Paleo zakudya (otsika zimam'patsa chakudya, amati zochokera zakudya za anthu a Paleolithic nyengo. - Pafupifupi. Mkonzi.). Kenako Dr. Atkins anaponya nkhuni pamoto: adatha kutsimikizira dziko - dziko, mosimidwa amene ankalota kuti achepetse thupi, kuti chakudya ndi choipa.
"Chifukwa chakuti kagulu kakang'ono ka odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la ziwengo amafunika kupewa gluten sizikutanthauza kuti aliyense ayenera kuchita chimodzimodzi."
Iye anatsimikizira dziko lonse za izi.
AL: Ndichoncho. Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 1990, panali makalata ambiri ndi mauthenga ochokera kwa makolo omwe ali ndi vuto la autistic za zotsatira zodabwitsa za zakudya zopanda thanzi. Zowona, maphunziro owonjezera sanawonetse mphamvu yake mu autism ndi matenda ena a minyewa, koma ndani akudziwa za izi? Ndipo chirichonse chinasokonezeka m'maganizo a anthu: nkhani yopeka yonena za paradaiso wotayika - nthawi ya Paleolithic, pamene anthu onse anali athanzi; zakudya zopanda gilateni zomwe zimati zimathandiza ndi autism ndipo mwinanso kupewa; ndi zonena za Atkins kuti zakudya zamafuta ochepa zimakuthandizani kuti muchepetse thupi. Nkhani zonsezi zinali ndi gilateni mwanjira ina. Kotero iye anakhala «persona non grata».
Tsopano zakhala zapamwamba kukana mankhwala okhala ndi gilateni.
AL: Ndipo ndizowopsa! Chifukwa chakuti gulu laling’ono la odwala ziwengo liyenera kupeŵa zimenezo, sizikutanthauza kuti aliyense ayenera kuchita chimodzimodzi. Anthu ena amayenera kutsatira zakudya zopanda mchere chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi, wina amadwala mtedza kapena mazira. Koma sitipanga malingaliro awa kukhala chizolowezi kwa wina aliyense! Kalelo mu 2007, malo ophika buledi a mkazi wanga analibe zophika zopanda gilateni. Palibe tsiku lomwe limadutsa mu 2015 kuti wina asafunse kukoma kwa "brownie wopanda gluteni." Chifukwa cha Oprah Winfrey ndi Lady Gaga, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a ogula ali ndi chidwi ndi zakudya zopanda gluteni, ndipo makampani ku America okhawo adzapitirira $ 2017 biliyoni ndi 10. Ngakhale mchenga wamasewera a ana tsopano umatchedwa "gluten-free"!
Kodi anthu ambiri omwe amaganiza kuti ali ndi tsankho la gluten sichoncho?
AL: Chabwino! Komabe, akatswiri a ku Hollywood ndi oimba otchuka akamalankhula za momwe amamvera atasiya mkate ndi mbale zakumbali, akatswiri onyenga akamalemba za gawo lofunikira la zakudya zopanda gluteni pochiza matenda a autism ndi Alzheimer's, anthu amapangidwa otsimikiza kuti zakudya zidzawathandizanso. Ndiyeno tikulimbana ndi zotsatira za placebo, pamene "odya zakudya" amamva mphamvu zambiri, akusintha ku zakudya zopanda thanzi. Ndipo zotsatira za nocebo, pamene anthu amayamba kumva chisoni atadya muffin kapena oatmeal.
Mukunena chiyani kwa iwo omwe adadya zakudya zopanda thanzi komanso kuchepa thupi?
AL: Ndidzati: “Ndinu wochenjera pang’ono. Chifukwa choyamba, munayenera kusiya mkate ndi chimanga, koma chakudya chofulumira - ham, soseji, soseji, mitundu yonse ya zakudya zokonzeka, pizza, lasagna, yogurts wotsekemera, mkaka, makeke, makeke, makeke, muesli. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi gluten. Iwo anawonjezera chakudya kusintha kukoma ndi maonekedwe. Ndi chifukwa cha gluteni kuti kutumphuka kwa nuggets kumakhala kosalala, chimanga cham'mawa sichinyowa, ndipo yogati imakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Koma zotsatira zake zingakhale zofanana ngati mutasiya zinthu izi, ndikusiya "zakudya" monga chimanga, mkate ndi phala mbale. Analakwa ciani? Powasintha kukhala "opanda gluteni", mumakhala pachiwopsezo choondanso posachedwa.
"Zambiri zopanda gluten zili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse"
Alessio Fasano, katswiri wa matenda a celiac komanso kukhudzidwa kwa gluten, akuchenjeza kuti zakudya zambiri zopanda gluten zimakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, zophikidwa zopanda gluteni ziyenera kuwonjezera shuga wambiri ndi mafuta oyeretsedwa ndi osinthidwa kuti asunge kukoma ndi mawonekedwe awo komanso kuti asagwe. Ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa thupi osati kwa miyezi ingapo, koma kwamuyaya, ingoyambani kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndikusuntha zambiri. Ndipo musayang'anenso zazakudya zamatsenga ngati zopanda gluteni.
Kodi mumatsatira izi nokha?
AL: Ndithudi. Ndilibe zoletsa zakudya. Ndimakonda kuphika, ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana - zonse zachikhalidwe zaku America, komanso zakudya zaku China kapena Indian. Ndi mafuta, ndi okoma, ndi amchere. Zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti mavuto athu onse tsopano ndi chifukwa tayiwala kukoma kwa chakudya chapanyumba. Tilibe nthawi yophika, tilibe nthawi yodyera mwakachetechete, mosangalala. Chotsatira chake, sitimadya chakudya chophikidwa mwachikondi, koma ma calories, mafuta ndi chakudya, ndiyeno timachita nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuchokera apa, vuto la kudya mpaka bulimia ndi anorexia, mavuto a kulemera, matenda a mikwingwirima yonse ... Kusuntha kopanda gilateni kumawononga ubale wathu ndi chakudya. Anthu ayamba kuganiza za zakudya monga njira yokhayo yowonjezerera thanzi lawo. Koma pambuyo pa zonse, m'dziko lazakudya mulibe nyama zothirira pakamwa ndi makeke ofewa, palibe zophikira, palibe chisangalalo cholankhulana patebulo lachikondwerero. Posiya zonsezi, timataya zambiri! Khulupirirani ine, sitiri zomwe timadya, koma momwe timadyera. Ndipo ngati pakali pano tiyiwala za zopatsa mphamvu, mchere, shuga, gluteni ndikungoyamba kuphika mokoma komanso kudya mosangalala, mwina china chake chikhoza kukonzedwa.