Saudade ndi liwu la Chipwitikizi lotanthauza kudzimva wopanda pake chifukwa cha mtunda woyikidwa ndi wokondedwa. Choncho ndikumverera kusowa, kwa malo kapena munthu, kwa nthawi. Mawu obwerekedwa kuchokera ku chikhalidwe cha Chipwitikizi, tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'Chifalansa, ngakhale kuti sangathe kumasuliridwa, chifukwa momwe amamvera ndi ovuta kwambiri.

Etymologicalment, chisangalalo amachokera ku Latin inasiya, ndipo amatanthawuza kusokonezeka maganizo kusakanikirana nthawi yomweyo melancholy, nostalgia ndi chiyembekezo. Kuwonekera koyamba kwa mawu awa kudayamba cha m'ma 1200, mu ma ballads a Portugal troubadours. Zozikidwa mozama mu chikhalidwe cha Chipwitikizi, ndilo maziko a nthano zambiri monga za Dom Sebastiao.

Mawuwa amadzutsa chisakanizo cha malingaliro okoma ndi owawa, komwe timakumbukira mphindi zomwe timakhala, nthawi zambiri ndi wokondedwa, yemwe timadziwa kuti zidzakhala zovuta kuti tidziwonenso. Koma chiyembekezo chimapitirirabe.

Palibe mawu ofanana achi French omasulira mawu akuti "saudade" kuchokera ku Chipwitikizi, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka: ndizovuta kupeza mawu omwe amaphatikiza kukumbukira kosangalatsa komanso kuzunzika komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kusakhutira, chisoni, ndikusakanikirana ndi chiyembekezo chosatheka. . Ndi mawu odzutsa kusakaniza kosamvetsetseka kwa malingaliro otsutsana pokumbukira zakale, zomwe sizikanadziwika ndi akatswiri a zinenero.

Wolemba Chipwitikizi, Manuel de Melo, anayenereza saudade ndi mawu akuti: “Bem que se padece y mal que se disfruta”; kutanthauza "chabwino chochitidwa ndi choyipa chosangalatsidwa", lomwe limafotokoza mwachidule tanthauzo la liwu limodzi loti saudade.

Komabe, mawuwa amatha kukhala ndi matanthauzo ambiri kotero kuti olemba angapo kapena olemba ndakatulo apereka lingaliro lawo la zomwe saudade ndi. Mwachitsanzo, Fernando Pessoa, wolemba mabuku wotchuka wa Chipwitikizi, adalongosola kuti "ndakatulo ya fado". Komabe, onse amavomereza kuwona m'mawu awa mphuno yoopsa, yofanana ndi mawu akuti "ndulu", odziwika ndi Baudelaire.

Fado ndi mtundu wa nyimbo wa Chipwitikizi, kufunikira ndi kutchuka komwe ku Portugal ndikofunikira. Mwamwambo, ndi mkazi yemwe amaimba, limodzi ndi gitala la zingwe khumi ndi ziwiri, loyimba ndi amuna awiri. Ndi kudzera mu kalembedwe kameneka komwe saudade ankawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri, m'malemba a ndakatulo ndi oimba. M'malemba oimba awa, munthu amatha kudzutsa chikhumbo cham'mbuyo, anthu osowa, chikondi chotayika, chikhalidwe chaumunthu ndi kusintha kwa nthawi. Kuyimba malingaliro awa kumathandizira omvera kumvetsetsa tanthauzo losamveka bwino la saudade. Ndilo njira zofotokozera zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawuwa, ndi mbiri ya chikhalidwe cha Chipwitikizi. Ngakhale kuti mawuwa ndi a Chipwitikizi kwambiri ndipo sangathe kumasuliridwa, motero amakhalabe ofikirika kwa aliyense, amatha kuwerenga ndi mtima zomwe woimba wa fado, monga Amalia Rodrigues, woimba wodziwika bwino komanso atanyamula mawu ake. wodzaza ndi malingaliro fado padziko lonse lapansi, motero chidziwitso cha saudade.

Akatswiri ambiri a zinenero, afilosofi, afilosofi ndi olemba ayesa m'mabuku ndi mabuku kuti ayenerere saudade. Adelino Braz, mu The untranslatable mu funso: kuphunzira saudade, amayenerera mawu akuti "kukanika pakati pa zotsutsana": mbali imodzi kumverera kwa kusowa, kumbali ina chiyembekezo ndi chikhumbo chopezanso. zomwe tikusowa.

Chilankhulo cha Chipwitikizi chimagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "kukhala ndi saudades", chinthu chomwe chingakhale chokondedwa, malo, dziko ngati ubwana.

“Ndili ndi zakale,” Pessoa akugogomezera m’makalata ake, “masaudade okha a anthu osoŵa, amene ndinawakonda; si nthawi yomwe ndidawakonda, koma saudade wa anthu awa ”.

Malinga ndi Inês Oseki-Dépré m'buku lake La Saudi, Chipwitikizi chiyambi cha chisangalalo zidzagwirizana ndi kugonjetsa koyamba ku Africa. Ndi mwa mawu awa chisangalalo kuti okhazikikawo anasonyeza malingaliro awo ponena za dziko la kwawo kuchokera ku Madeira, Alcazarquivir, Arcila, Tangier, Cape Verde ndi The Azores.

Pomaliza, kumverera kwa saudade uku kumabweretsa ubale wosagwirizana, m'mbuyomu komanso masiku ano. Ndife okondwa kukhalapo kale, ndipo ndife achisoni kuti tadutsa tsopano.

Pomaliza, saudade ndi chikhumbo chamtheradi, chisakanizo cha zomverera zomwe zimamveka munthawi zosiyanasiyana zamalingaliro athu, pomwe chikondi chapita, koma chidakalipo.