Lobe yakutsogolo (kuchokera ku Greek lobos) ndi imodzi mwa zigawo za ubongo zomwe zili kutsogolo kwa cranium.

malo. Lobe yakutsogolo ili kutsogolo kwa ubongo, pansi pa fupa lakutsogolo. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi ma lobe ena ndi ma groove osiyanasiyana:

• Sulcus yapakati, kapena Rolando sulcus, imalekanitsa lobe yakutsogolo ndi parietal lobe;
• The lateral sulcus, kapena Sylvian sulcus, imalekanitsa lobe yakutsogolo kuchokera ku parietal ndi temporal lobe.

Main dongosolo. Lobe yakutsogolo ndi imodzi mwa zigawo za ubongo. Gawo lomaliza ndilo gawo lotukuka kwambiri la ubongo ndipo limatenga gawo lalikulu la ubongo. Amapangidwa ndi ma neuron, matupi a cell omwe amakhala pamphepete ndikupanga imvi. Kunja kumeneku kumatchedwa kotekisi. Zowonjezera za matupiwa, zomwe zimatchedwa mitsempha ya mitsempha, zimakhala pakati ndikupanga chinthu choyera. Mbali yamkatiyi imatchedwa dera la medullary (1) (2). Mizere yambiri, kapena ming'alu ikakhala yakuzama, imasiyanitsa madera osiyanasiyana mkati mwa ubongo. Kuphulika kwautali kwaubongo kumalola kuti ulekanitsidwe m'magawo awiri, kumanzere ndi kumanja. Ma hemispheres awa amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake ndi ma commissures, chachikulu chomwe ndi corpus callosum. Gawo lirilonse la dziko lapansi limagawidwa, kupyolera mu sulcus yoyamba, kukhala lobes zinayi: lobe lakutsogolo, lobe la parietal, lobe temporal ndi lobe ya occipital (2) (3).

Zomanga za sekondale ndi zapamwamba. Lobe yakutsogolo imakhala ndi ma groove achiwiri komanso apamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma convolution otchedwa gyri. Mitundu yayikulu yakutsogolo ya lobe gyri ndi:

• pakati pa gyrus,
• gyrus wamkulu wakutsogolo,
• gyrus wapakati wakutsogolo,
• gyrus yakutsogolo yotsika.

Mphuno ya ubongo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi zochitika zamaganizo ndi zolimbikitsa, komanso chiyambi ndi kulamulira kwa kugunda kwa minofu ya chigoba. Ntchito zosiyanasiyanazi zimagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana a ubongo (1).

Lobe yakutsogolo imagwirizanitsa ntchito zamagalimoto, makamaka zodzifunira. Mmodzi amasiyanitsa makamaka gawo loyamba la magalimoto lomwe lili pamlingo wa precentral gyrus, komanso dera la Broca, lomwe limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawu. Lobe yakutsogolo ilinso ndi zigawo zosinthira chidziwitso (2) (3).

Ena ma pathologies akhoza kukula kutsogolo kwa lobe ndi kukhudza chapakati mantha dongosolo. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimatha kukhala zofooketsa, mitsempha kapena chotupa, ma pathologies ena

Sitiroko. Ngozi ya cerebrovascular, kapena stroke, imachitika pamene chotengera cha ubongo chatsekedwa, monga kupanga mapangidwe a magazi kapena kupasuka kwa chombo4. Matendawa amatha kukhudza ntchito za lobe yakutsogolo.

Kupwetekedwa mutu. Zimafanana ndi kugwedezeka pamlingo wa chigaza chomwe chingayambitse ubongo, makamaka pamtunda wa lobe yakutsogolo. (5)

Matenda angapo ofoola ziwalo. Kudwala Izi ndi autoimmune matenda a chapakati mantha dongosolo. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwiritsa ntchito myelin, mchimake womwe umazungulira ulusi wamitsempha, womwe umayambitsa zotupa. (6)

Chotupa muubongo. Zotupa zabwino kapena zowopsa zimatha kuchitika muubongo, makamaka m'chigawo chakutsogolo. (7)

Degenerative cerebral pathologies. Ma pathologies ena angayambitse kusintha kwamanjenje muubongo.

Matenda a Alzheimer's. Zimabweretsa kusinthidwa kwa zidziwitso zomwe makamaka zimatha kukumbukira kapena kulingalira. (8)

Matenda a Parkinson. Imawonetseredwa makamaka ndi kugwedezeka pa mpumulo, kutsika pang'onopang'ono ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa kayendetsedwe kake. (9)

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe amapezeka, mankhwala ena amatha kuperekedwa monga mankhwala oletsa kutupa.

Kuphulika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakamenyedwa, chithandizo ichi chimakhala kuthyola thrombi, kapena kuundana kwamagazi, mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. (4)

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Malingana ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe amapezeka, opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, chithandizo chothandizira. Kutengera mtundu ndi chotupacho, mankhwalawa atha kuchitidwa.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi. Choyamba, kuyezetsa kuchipatala kumachitika kuti adziwe ndikuwunika zomwe wodwala akuwona.

Mayeso azachipatala. Pofuna kukhazikitsa kapena kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matenda, CT scan ya ubongo ndi msana kapena MRI ya ubongo ingatheke makamaka.

biopsy. Kufufuza uku kumakhala ndi zitsanzo zamaselo.

Kupopera kwa Lumbar. Mayesowa amalola kuti madzi amtundu wa cerebrospinal awunikidwe.

Wowonetsedwa ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni yaku France a Paul Broca mu 1861, dera la Broca limapanga malo okhudzana ndi kupanga chilankhulo.