Occipital lobe (lobe - kuchokera ku Greek lobos, occipital - kuchokera ku Latin occipitalis, kuchokera ku occiput) ndi imodzi mwa zigawo za ubongo, zomwe zili pambali ndi kumbuyo kwa ubongo.

malo. Lobe ya occipital ili pamtunda wa fupa la occipital, pambali ndi m'munsi mwa ubongo. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi ma lobe ena ndi ma groove osiyanasiyana:

• Occipito-temporal sulcus imalekanitsa ndi lobe temporal yomwe ili kutsogolo.
• Parieto-occipital groove imalekanitsa ndi parietal lobe yomwe ili pamwamba ndi kutsogolo.
• Mphepete mwa calcarin ili pansi pa lobe ya occipital.

Main dongosolo. Lobe ya occipital ndi imodzi mwa zigawo za ubongo. Gawo lomaliza ndilo gawo lotukuka kwambiri la ubongo ndipo limatenga gawo lalikulu la ubongo. Amapangidwa ndi ma neuron, matupi a cell omwe amakhala pamphepete ndikupanga imvi. Kunja kumeneku kumatchedwa kotekisi. Zowonjezera za matupiwa, zomwe zimatchedwa mitsempha ya mitsempha, zimakhala pakati ndikupanga chinthu choyera. Mbali yamkatiyi imatchedwa dera la medullary (1) (2). Mizere yambiri, kapena ming'alu ikakhala yakuzama, imasiyanitsa madera osiyanasiyana mkati mwa ubongo. Kuphulika kwautali kwaubongo kumalola kuti ulekanitsidwe m'magawo awiri, kumanzere ndi kumanja. Ma hemispheres awa amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake ndi ma commissures, chachikulu chomwe ndi corpus callosum. Gawo lirilonse la dziko lapansi limagawidwa, kupyolera mu sulcus yoyamba, kukhala lobes zinayi: lobe lakutsogolo, lobe la parietal, lobe temporal ndi lobe ya occipital (2) (3).

Mapangidwe a lobe occipital. Lobe ya occipital ili ndi ma groove achiwiri komanso apamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ma convolutions otchedwa gyri.

Mphuno ya ubongo imagwirizanitsidwa ndi maganizo, sensitivomotor ntchito, komanso chiyambi ndi kulamulira kwa chigoba cha minofu. Ntchito zosiyanasiyanazi zimagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana a ubongo (1).

Ntchito ya occipital lobe. The occipital lobe kwenikweni ali ndi ntchito somatosensory. Mulinso pakati pa masomphenya (2) (3).

Za otsika, mitsempha kapena chotupa chiyambi, ena pathologies akhoza kukhala mu occipital lobe ndi zimakhudza chapakati mantha dongosolo.

Sitiroko. Ngozi ya cerebrovascular, kapena stroke, imachitika pamene mtsempha wamagazi watsekeka muubongo, monga kutsekeka kwa magazi kapena chotengera chosweka (4). Matendawa amatha kukhudza ntchito za lobe ya occipital.

Mutu wachisoni. Zimafanana ndi kugwedezeka pamlingo wa chigaza chomwe chingayambitse ubongo, makamaka pa mlingo wa lobe ya occipital. (5)

Multiple sclerosis. Izi pathology ndi autoimmune matenda a chapakati mantha dongosolo. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimalimbana ndi myelin, sheath yozungulira mitsempha ya mitsempha, zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa. (6)

Chotupa cha occipital lobe. Zotupa zabwino kapena zowopsa zimatha kuchitika muubongo, makamaka mu occipital lobe. (7)

Degenerative cerebral pathologies. Ma pathologies ena angayambitse kusintha kwamanjenje muubongo.

• Matenda a Alzheimer's. Zimabweretsa kusinthidwa kwa zidziwitso zomwe makamaka zimatha kukumbukira kapena kulingalira. (8)
• Matenda a Parkinson. Imawonetseredwa makamaka ndi kugwedezeka pa mpumulo, kutsika pang'onopang'ono ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa kayendetsedwe kake. (9)

Mankhwala. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe apezeka, mankhwala ena amatha kuperekedwa monga mankhwala oletsa kutupa.

Thrombolyse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya sitiroko, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi kuthyola thrombi, kapena magazi, mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala. (4)

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Malingana ndi mtundu wa matenda omwe amapezeka, opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa.

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, chithandizo chandamale. Kutengera siteji ya chotupa, mankhwalawa akhoza kukhazikitsidwa.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi. Choyamba, kuyezetsa kuchipatala kumachitika kuti muwone ndikuwunika zomwe wodwala akuwona.

Kuyesa kuyerekezera kwachipatala. Pofuna kukhazikitsa kapena kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matenda, CT scan ya ubongo ndi msana kapena MRI ya ubongo ingatheke makamaka.

biopsy. Kufufuza uku kumakhala ndi zitsanzo zamaselo.

Kupopera kwa Lumbar. Mayesowa amalola kuti madzi amtundu wa cerebrospinal awunikidwe.

Louis Pierre Gratiolet, katswiri wa anatomist wa ku France wa m'zaka za zana la 19, ndi m'modzi mwa oyamba kukhazikitsa mfundo yogawanitsa cortex kukhala lobes.