marmalade

Zokoma, zokongola komanso zathanzi. Zonsezi zikhoza kunenedwa za zokoma zomwe amakonda kwambiri ana ndi akuluakulu - marmalade. Kutsekemera kumeneku ndi chimodzi mwa zochepa zomwe madokotala amalimbikitsa kudya. Komabe, kulondola kokha, ndiko kuti, mankhwala achilengedwe, kungabweretse phindu. Kodi ntchito yake ndi yotani, komanso momwe ingawononge munthu, tidzamvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane.

Nkhani ya

Amakhulupirira kuti malo obadwirako marmalade ndi Asia Minor, komwe adabweretsedwa ndi Azungu pambuyo pa Nkhondo Zamtanda. M’masiku amenewo, pofuna kusunga zokolola ku Middle East ndi kum’mawa kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, zipatso zotulidwazo ankaziwiritsa n’kukhala ngati gel osakaniza.

Dzina lakuti "marmalade" mu French limatanthauza "quince marshmallow". Angerezi amachitcha kuti kupanikizana kopangidwa kuchokera ku malalanje kapena zipatso zina za citrus, ndipo Ajeremani - kupanikizana kulikonse kapena kupanikizana. ^[1]. Ku Russia, chokoma ichi chatenga dzina la "zipatso za jelly".

Zamitundumitundu

Pali magulu angapo ovomerezeka a marmalade. Malinga ndi njira yopangira, zinthu zopangidwa, zosanjikiza ndi zodulidwa zimasiyanitsidwa. Kutengera ndiukadaulo komanso mawonekedwe a Chinsinsi, marmalade imagawidwa kukhala yosawoneka bwino, yonyezimira, yonyezimira pang'ono, yowaza (shuga, ufa wa koko, ma flakes a kokonati), yodzaza, yokhala ndi ma inclusions, glossy, multilayered.

Marmalade, kutengera gawo la gelling pamaziko omwe amapangidwira, imagawidwa kukhala zipatso (zotengera gelling factor), odzola-zipatso (zotengera gawo lachilengedwe la gelling ndi gelling agent) ndi jelly kapena chewy (zotengera pa gelling agent). Agar-agar, pectin kapena gelatin amatha kukhala ngati gelling factor.

Chinsinsi cha marmalade

Mtundu wotafuna wokoma m'dziko lathu udawoneka posachedwa, m'ma 90s. ^[2]. Nthawi yomweyo idatchuka kwambiri pakati pa ana ndi akulu, popeza ili ndi zabwino zambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya marmalade. Yoyamba ndi yakuti sichisungunuka ndipo sichimamatira m'manja, choncho ndi yabwino kwa chotupitsa chokoma. Ubwino wachiwiri wa kutafuna (odzola) marmalade ndi wochepa kwambiri wa kalori, ndipo wachitatu ndi "moyo wautali". Masiku ano pali mitundu yambiri yazakudya zotafuna. Lingaliroli limagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ngakhale ndi opanga mavitamini ndi mineral complexes kwa ana.

Popanga maswiti odzola, kuwonjezera pa zosakaniza za zipatso, gelatin, pectin, molasses ndi kusakaniza sera-ndi-mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zigawozi zimapereka marmalade ndi pamwamba pa glossy ndi elasticity. Sera imalepheretsa kumamatira kwa munthu aliyense, imatsuka mano ndi mucous mkamwa bwino, ndikuzipha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa kutafuna chingamu.

Mapangidwe a mankhwala

Marmalade ili ndi zinthu zambiri zosiyanasiyana. ^[3]:

• Gelling wothandizira: agar-agar (0,8-1%), gelatin, pectin (1-1,5%), carrageenan, agaroid, furcellaran kapena ena) ^[4];
• shuga (50-60%), molasses (20-25%), shuga-molasses manyuchi, fructose;
• zipatso ndi/kapena masamba timadziti kapena purees;
• zowonjezera chakudya (acidifiers, zokometsera, stabilizers, emulsifiers, utoto) ^[5].

Chifukwa cha zigawo izi, marmalade lili zosiyanasiyana mankhwala mankhwala ndi zinthu: chakudya, zidulo organic, mchere (calcium, chitsulo, magnesium, phosphorous, potaziyamu, sodium), mavitamini (ascorbic ndi nicotinic zidulo, B mavitamini).

pectin wa zipatso

Pectin ndi polysaccharide, ndiko kuti, chakudya chosavuta chomwe chimakhala mu ulusi wosungunuka m'madzi. Lili ndi katundu wa thickening madzi, kusandutsa gel osakaniza mu chilengedwe m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, pectin imasunga chinyezi, ndipo ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimasungunuka m'madzi. Pectin ndiye maziko (m'munsi) a marmalade apamwamba kwambiri.

Odzola

Agar-agar ndi mankhwala omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi ndere zofiirira ndi zofiira. Imakhala ndi mphamvu yotsitsa madzi, ikukwera kwambiri kuchuluka kwake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, agar alibe mafuta, choncho confectionery yochokera pa izo imatha kudyedwa ngakhale ndi omwe ali pazakudya. ^[6].

Gelatin

Gelatin imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lodziwika komanso lotsika mtengo la gelling popanga marmalade. Gelatin ndi mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku zinyama. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku minofu yolumikizana (cartilage, ligaments, tendons) ndi khungu la nyama zophedwa. Gelatin imakhala ndi ma carbohydrate ndi amino acid, motero imakhala ndi ma calorie apamwamba kuposa othandizira ena. ^[7].

Zowonjezera Zakudya Zakudya

Natural marmalade mu kapangidwe kake mulibe zowonjezera zakudya - ngakhale zokometsera kapena utoto. Mtundu ndi fungo la mankhwalawa ndi chifukwa cha zipatso zake zachilengedwe kapena mabulosi. Marmalade "yopanga" imakhala ndi mankhwala, kuphatikizapo zakudya zosiyanasiyana E-zowonjezera - zolimbitsa thupi, emulsifiers, zotetezera, antioxidants, utoto, zokometsera. Mtundu wowala, fungo labwino komanso moyo wautali wa alumali ndizizindikiro zoyambirira kuti marmalade ndi "yopanga". Kuchuluka kwa "E" muzogulitsa, kumabweretsa phindu lochepa m'thupi.

Marmalade ndi confectionery yamtengo wapatali kwambiri. Zopatsa mphamvu zake zimatengera kuchuluka kwa shuga komanso mtundu wa gelling zomwe zimapangidwira ndipo zimatha kusiyanasiyana - kuchokera 275 mpaka 360 kcal pa 100 g. ^[8].

Kupanga ukadaulo

Kuti muwonetsetse kuti marmalade ndi chinthu chothandiza, muyenera kudziwa bwino zomwe zimapangidwira. Njira zamakono zopangira maswiti achilengedwe zimadalira mtundu wake ndi maphikidwe. ^[9]. Chiwembu chosavuta chaukadaulo chopangira zipatso kapena zokometsera za jelly zitha kuyimiridwa ngati magawo angapo motsatizana:

1. Kukonzekera zipatso ndi mabulosi zopangira.
2. Kuwukha gelling zigawo zikuluzikulu.
3. Kukonzekera maziko okoma (kuchokera shuga, fructose, molasses ndi shuga wina).
4. Kuphika zipatso (mabulosi) misa ndi ankawaviika odzola kupanga chigawo chimodzi ndi shuga m'munsi.
5. Kuziziritsa odzola misa ndi kuwatsanulira mu zisamere pachakudya.
6. Kuyanika, kudula, kuwaza mankhwala.
7. Kupaka ndi kulongedza katundu ^[10].

Kutafuna marmalade kumakonzedwa molingana ndi ukadaulo wosinthidwa pang'ono. Mankhwala odzola amatsanuliridwa mu nkhungu zooneka ngati chimanga wowuma. Pambuyo kutsanulira marmalade mu zisamere pachakudya, iwo utakhazikika kwa tsiku limodzi, ndiyeno kuchotsedwa zisamere pachakudya ndi destarched. Pambuyo poyeretsa kuchokera ku wowuma, mankhwala omwe amaganiziridwa amatumizidwa ku ng'oma, kumene amawachitira ndi mafuta achilengedwe kuti awapatse kuwala.

Njira yopangira marmalade "yopanga" imasiyana pang'ono ndi ukadaulo wopangira maswiti kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe, kupatula gawo loyamba. Zipatso zachilengedwe ndi zipatso zomwe zili muzinthu zoterezi zimasinthidwa ndi zakudya zowonjezera.

Zida Zothandiza

Ma marmalade achilengedwe okha angawonetse zinthu zopindulitsa mthupi la munthu. Zake zachilengedwe zigawo zikuluzikulu zimakhudza thupi payekha, komanso potentiate zochita za wina ndi mzake.

Ma marmalade apamwamba kwambiri kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe:

• imayendetsa m'mimba motility, yomwe imathetsa kudzimbidwa;
• imatenga poizoni, ma radionuclides, mchere wa zitsulo zolemera, mafuta ndikuwachotsa m'thupi ^[6];
• kuletsa mayamwidwe a cholesterol, kupewa kukula kwa atherosulinosis;
• imathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa chiwindi ndi kapamba;
• amabwezeretsa dongosolo la khungu, tsitsi, misomali ^[7];
• amakhutitsa thupi ndi mavitamini PP ndi C;
• kumachepetsa chilakolako, kotero chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotupitsa;
• kumawonjezera ntchito za ubongo;
• ali ndi antidepressant kwenikweni;
• amachepetsa zizindikiro za kukomoka pang'ono.

Ngati marmalade yakonzedwa pamaziko a agar-agar, imatha kukhalanso gwero la ayodini m'thupi, ndipo ngati imachokera ku fructose m'malo mwa shuga, ikhoza kukhala mankhwala a shuga. ^[11]. Kudya pafupipafupi kwa marmalade wachilengedwe wabwino kwambiri pang'onopang'ono kumathandiza kuchotsa matumbo, komanso kumapangitsa kagayidwe kachakudya mthupi.

Pazochepa, marmalade achilengedwe amathanso kuphatikizidwa muzakudya za anthu pazakudya (kupatulapo wopanda ma carbohydrate). Ndikwabwino kuzigwiritsa ntchito ngati zokhwasula-khwasula pamene kumverera kwa njala kumakhala kosapiririka. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito marmalade pazakudya, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimadyedwa masana zisapitirire 50 g.

Zotheka kuvulaza

Ngakhale pali zinthu zambiri zothandiza, marmalade imatha kukhala yovulaza. Choyamba, zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga mmenemo. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zambiri za marmalade ndizoyipa kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Nthawi zambiri komanso mochulukirapo, sungadye ngakhale ndi anthu athanzi ndi ana: shuga amawononga enamel ya dzino ndikuwonjezera katundu pa kapamba.

Mkhalidwewu ndi wosiyana ndi "yopanga" marmalade. Lili ndi zowonjezera zakudya zomwe zimakhala zovulaza kwa aliyense, komanso makamaka kwa ana, odwala matenda a chifuwa chachikulu ndi asthmatics. Sizingatheke kuneneratu momwe izi kapena zowonjezera zimakhudzira thupi, choncho ndibwino kukana chithandizo "chopanga". Zakudya zowonjezera zakudya zomwe zimatha kuwonjezeredwa ku marmalade zimakhudza thupi la munthu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. ^[5]:

• kumayambitsa maonekedwe a hyperergic reaction (zidzolo, kuyabwa, kutupa, mphumu);
• kuyambitsa kuphwanya m'mimba (nseru, kusanza, kulemera m'mimba, kutsekula m'mimba);
• kuipiraipira pokodza;
• kusokoneza ntchito ya mtima;
• kusokoneza ntchito ya ubongo;
• kuthandizira kusintha kwa maselo a majeremusi;
• kukhala ndi carcinogenic effect.

Kuti musavulaze chifukwa chokoma, muyenera kusamala pogula mankhwalawa. Njira yabwino ndiyo kupanga marmalade achilengedwe nokha.

Momwe mungasankhire

Posankha marmalade m'sitolo, muyenera kulabadira momwe ma CD ake alili, chizindikiro chake ndi mawonekedwe ake. ^[12]. Ndi bwino kusankha marmalade pamapaketi owoneka bwino: ndikosavuta kudziwa kapangidwe kake, wopanga, tsiku lotha ntchito, ndikuwunikanso mawonekedwe ake. Choyikacho chiyenera kukhala choyera, chokhazikika, chosindikizidwa.

Phukusili liyenera kukhala ndi zilembo zokhala ndi chidziwitso chonse chokhudza chinthucho (mapangidwe, mikhalidwe ndi moyo wa alumali) ndi wopanga wake.

Ndikofunikiranso kulabadira zina za organoleptic zowawa:

1. Fomu. Zogulitsa ziyenera kukhala zofananira, zopanda mawonekedwe a makeke, mapindikidwe kapena kusungunuka. Mu mawonekedwe a multilayer, zigawo zonse ziyenera kuwoneka bwino.
2. Mtundu. Ndi bwino kugula mankhwala amtundu wapakati kapena otumbululuka.
3. Pamwamba. Maonekedwe a pamwamba pa mankhwala ayenera kugwirizana ndi maonekedwe awo. Ngati ndi gummies, pamwamba ayenera kukhala glossy. Ngati ichi ndi mankhwala ndi kukonkha, kukonkha kuyenera kumamatira pamwamba pake.
4. Kusasinthasintha. Ngati ma CD amalola, mutha kukhudza marmalade kudzera mmenemo: iyenera kukhala yofewa, koma zotanuka, mutatha kukanikiza iyenera kubwezeretsa mawonekedwe ake.

Muyeneranso kulabadira kusungirako zinthu maswiti. Kutentha kwake kosungirako sikuyenera kupitirira 18 ° C, ndipo chinyezi cha mpweya sichiyenera kupitirira 80%. Mabokosi a marmalade sayenera kuwunikira dzuwa. Sizololedwa kuyika chakudya pafupi ndi chakudya chonyowa kapena chonunkhira kwambiri (nsomba, zonunkhira).

Musanagule, muyenera kuyang'ana masiku otha ntchito. Marmalade wosanjikiza ndikupangidwa pamaziko a pectin ndi agar-agar amasungidwa osapitilira miyezi itatu. Ngati marmalade ili ndi agaroid ndi furcellaran, moyo wake wa alumali sudutsa miyezi 3. Pankhani ya kuphwanya kusungirako zinthu, alumali moyo kwambiri yafupika.

Momwe mungaphike

Kuti zokomazo zikhale zatsopano komanso zathanzi, mukhoza kuziphika nokha kunyumba. Sizovuta kuphika, pamene mayi aliyense wapakhomo akhoza kusintha njira iliyonse pa kukoma kwake.

mandimu marmalade

Kukonzekera, mudzafunika madzi (2 l), mandimu 4 ndi shuga (4 makapu). Mandimu ayenera kudulidwa mu magawo ndi kuchotsa njere. Pankhaniyi, mbewu ziyenera kukulungidwa ndi gauze: zidzathandiza. Ndimu imayikidwa mu poto, yokutidwa ndi shuga, njerezo zimayikidwa mu gauze ndikutsanulira madzi. Siyani kwa tsiku limodzi kutentha.

Patatha tsiku limodzi, poto imayikidwa pamoto ndikuphika mutatha kuwira pamoto wochepa kwa mphindi 50. Chithovu chomwe chikuwonekera pamwamba chiyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse. Marmalade amaonedwa kuti ndi okonzeka pamene dontho la osakaniza likukhazikika pa mbale yozizira. Thirani mu nkhungu, ozizira.

rasipiberi mankhwala

Pa marmalade iyi, timatenga 1,5 makilogalamu a shuga ndi raspberries. Thirani supuni ya gelatin m'madzi. Raspberries ayenera choyamba kuphedwa ndi blender ndi kuzitikita kupyolera mu sieve yabwino kuchotsa njere. Rasipiberi puree amasamutsidwa mu saucepan, gelatin amawonjezeredwa, kubweretsedwa kwa chithupsa, kenako kusakaniza ndi shuga ndi yophika, oyambitsa nthawi zonse, mpaka unakhuthala. Chomalizidwacho chimatsanuliridwa mu chidebe. Pambuyo kuzirala, kudula ndi kuwaza ndi ufa shuga.

Masiku ano, marmalade amagulitsidwa m'sitolo iliyonse ya makeke. Mukamagula, muyenera kusankha osati mtengo kapena mawonekedwe owala, koma mtundu wachilengedwe wazinthuzo. Zakudya zathanzi komanso zokomazi ndizosavuta kupanga kunyumba. Ndiye izo zidzatsimikiziridwa zachilengedwe. Gulani kapena kuphika - zili kwa lokoma kusankha. Chinthu chachikulu sikugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kuchuluka kwake: m'malo mopindula, marmalade ikhoza kukhala yovulaza.

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