“Tsiku lina pamene ndinali kudutsa mu Intra [tauni ya ku Lago Maggiore] ndikudutsa nyumba yophera anthu, ndinaona mwana wa ng’ombe akuphedwa. Moyo wanga unadzazidwa ndi mantha ndi mkwiyo kotero kuti kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ndinakana mgwirizano ndi akupha: kuyambira pamenepo ndakhala wosadya zamasamba.
Ndikukutsimikizirani kuti mungathe kuchita popanda steaks ndi kuwotcha, chikumbumtima changa chiri chomveka bwino tsopano, popeza kupha nyama ndi nkhanza zenizeni. Ndani anapereka ufulu kwa mwamuna ameneyu? Anthu akanakhala apamwamba kwambiri akanaphunzira kulemekeza nyama. Koma ziyenera kulemekezedwa kwambiri, osati mofanana ndi ziŵalo za mabungwe oteteza zinyama, nthaŵi zina kuziteteza m’makwalala ndi kusangalala ndi kukoma kwa nyama yawo m’zipinda zawo.
"Koma ukufalitsa, kalonga!"
- Ndikanachita mofunitsitsa. Ndakhala ndikufuna kuwerenga nkhani pamutuwu. Pali zabwino zambiri zonena. Ndipo zingakhale zabwino kwambiri kupambana! Pakalipano sindiri wotanganidwa ndi ntchito iliyonse, koma kwa nthawi ndithu tsopano ndakhala ndikudzaza ndi lingaliro la chipilala cha umunthu chokonzedwanso ndi ubwino waukulu - kulemekeza chilengedwe.
— Chipilala chophiphiritsa?
– Inde. Ichi chingakhale chachiwiri pa ntchito zanga zambiri, popeza sindimakonda zizindikiro, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zosapeweka. Ndipo yachiwiri mi fu inspirato dal vegetarianismo (youziridwa ndi zamasamba): Ndinaitcha kuti “Les mangeurs de cadavres” (Corpse eaters). Kumbali ina akuimiridwa ndi munthu wankhawa, wotukwana, yemwe akumeza nyama zakufa zomwe zadutsa m’khichini, ndipo m’munsi mwake muli fisi akukumba mtembo kuti athetse njala yake. Munthu amachita izi pofuna kukhutitsidwa ndi nyama - ndipo amatchedwa mwamuna; yachiwiri imachita kuti isunge moyo wake, siipha, koma imagwiritsa ntchito zovunda ndipo imatchedwa fisi.
Ndinapanganso zolemba, koma izi, mukudziwa, ndi za iwo omwe akufunafuna "kufanana".
Nkhani imeneyi inachitikira ku Nervi pafupi ndi Genoa ndipo inafalitsidwa mu 1909 m’buku la Corriere de la sera (Milan). Lili ndi nkhani ya "poyambira", "kubadwanso" mkati mwa moyo wa Trubetskoy. Tikudziwanso kuti zomwezi zidachitikanso mu 1899 kuchokera m'makumbukiro a mchimwene wake wa Trubetskoy, Luigi, yemwe amafotokoza zomwezo mwatsatanetsatane, kotero kuti zomwe Trubetskoy adakumana nazo zidzamveka bwino: pambuyo pake, adakhalapo. umboni wa kudyera masuku pamutu nyama - monga ntchito ndi kupha ng'ombe.
Prince Peter (Paolo) Petrovich Trubetskoy, wochokera ku banja lodziwika bwino la Russia, adakhala pafupifupi moyo wake wonse Kumadzulo ndipo chifukwa chake anali ndi chidziwitso chochepa cha chinenero cha Chirasha - amalankhula Chirasha ndi mawu amphamvu. Anabadwira ku Intra mu 1866 ndipo anamwalira mu 1938 m'tawuni ya Suna, yomwe ili pamwamba pa Lago Maggiore. Malingana ndi katswiri wa zaluso wa ku Italy Rossana Bossaglia, anali munthu wochititsa chidwi - wochokera kwa anthu olemekezeka a ku Russia, akudzidzidzimutsa yekha mu chikhalidwe cha Italy cha dera la Lago maggiore ndikugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ake abwino komanso moyo wosadya masamba. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX, adaitanidwa kukhala pulofesa ku Moscow Art Academy - "munthu watsopano mu zaluso zaku Russia. Mwamtheradi zonse zinali zatsopano ndi iye: kuyambira maonekedwe ake ndi wa banja lodziwika la akalonga Trubetskoy. "Wamtali", "maonekedwe okongola", ndi makhalidwe abwino ndi "savoir faire", ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo wojambula womasuka komanso wodzichepetsa, wopanda chikhalidwe cha dziko, ndi maphunziro a ku Ulaya, yemwe adadzilola kukhala ndi zokonda zapachiyambi (monga: sungani mu studio yake ya zilombo ndi nyama komanso kukhala wokonda zamasamba <…>". Ngakhale anali pulofesa ku Moscow, Trubetskoy ankagwira ntchito makamaka ku Paris: adakopeka ndi Rodin, ndipo adajambula zithunzi zowoneka bwino, makamaka mkuwa - zithunzi, zifanizo. , zolemba zamitundu ndi zithunzi za nyama.
Chojambula chake cha "Carrion Eaters" (Divoratori di cadaveri), chomwe chinapangidwa mu 1900, chomwe chinaperekedwa ndi iye ku Lombard Society for the Protection of Animals, ndicho chokha chomwe adachipatsa dzina. Amasonyeza tebulo lokhala ndi mbale ya nkhumba; munthu alikukhala pa gome, alinkunyatitsa. Pansi palembedwa: "Motsutsa malamulo a chilengedwe" ( contro natura ); pafupi, fisi amatsanzira, amene anathamangira mtembo wa munthu. Pansi pa zolembedwazi: Malinga ndi malamulo a chilengedwe (secondo natura) (ill. yy). Malinga ndi VF Bulgakov, mlembi wotsiriza wa Tolstoy, m'buku lokhala ndi zikumbutso ndi nkhani za Tolstoy, mu 1921 kapena 1922, Moscow Museum ya Tolstoy, kupyolera mu mkhalapakati wa PI Biryukov, analandira ngati mphatso zifaniziro ziwiri zazing'ono za pulasitala zomwe zimasonyeza lingaliro lazamasamba: chimodzi mwa zifanizozo chikuwonetsa fisi akudya chamois yakufa, ndipo winayo munthu wonenepa modabwitsa akuwononga mwadyera nkhumba yowotcha yomwe ili m'mbale - mwachiwonekere, izi zinali zojambula zoyambirira za ziboliboli ziwiri zazikulu. Zomalizazi zidawonetsedwa ku Milan Autumn Salon ya 1904, monga tingawerenge m'nkhani yochokera ku Corriere della Sera ya 29 Okutobala. Chojambula chapawiri chimenechi, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti Divoratori di cadaveri, “chili ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa zikhulupiriro zake zamasamba, zomwe wolembayo wanena mobwerezabwereza: chifukwa chake chizolowezi chodziwikiratu cha zinthu zonyansa zomwe zimalowa m'mafanizo ake ndi apadera m'mabuku a Trubetskoy."
Trubetskoy “analeredwa m’chipembedzo cha amayi ake, Chiprotestanti,” analemba motero bwenzi lake Luigi Lupano mu 1954. “Komabe, chipembedzo sichinali vuto kwa iye, ngakhale kuti tinakambitsirana za icho pamene tinakumana ku Cabianca; koma adali munthu wachifundo chozama ndipo adakhulupirira mokhudzika moyo; kulemekeza kwake moyo kunamufikitsa ku moyo wosadya zamasamba, umene sunali umulungu wathyathyathya mwa iye, koma chitsimikiziro cha changu chake pa chamoyo chilichonse. Ziboliboli zambiri zimayenera kuwongolera mwachindunji ndikutsimikizira anthu za zakudya zamasamba. Anandikumbutsa kuti mabwenzi ake Leo Tolstoy ndi Bernard Shaw anali osadya zamasamba, ndipo anasangalatsidwa kuti anakwanitsa kunyengerera Henry Ford wamkulu kuti asamadye zamasamba. Troubetzkoy adawonetsa Shaw mu 1927 ndi Tolstoy kangapo pakati pa 1898 ndi 1910.
Zikuoneka kuti ulendo woyamba wa Trubetskoy ku Moscow Tolstoy House m'chaka ndi nthawi yophukira ya 1898, pomwe adawona zamasamba ku praxi, adayambitsa nthawi yovuta kwambiri pamoyo wa Trubetskoy, yomwe adakumana nayo mumzinda wa Intra mu 1899. Kuyambira pa Epulo 15 mpaka pa Epulo 23, 1898, akuwonetsa momveka bwino wolemba: "Madzulo, Prince Trubetskoy, wosemasema yemwe amakhala, adabadwa ndikuleredwa ku Italy, adatiyendera. Munthu wodabwitsa: waluso kwambiri, koma wachikale. Sanawerenge kalikonse, sadziwa nkomwe Nkhondo ndi Mtendere, sanaphunzire kulikonse, wopanda pake, wamwano komanso wokhazikika mu luso lake. Mawa Lev Nikolaevich adzabwera kudzajambula ndipo adzadya nafe. Pa December 9/10, Trubetskoy amayendera Tolstoys nthawi ina, pamodzi ndi Repin. Pa May 5, 1899, mu kalata yopita kwa Chertkov, Tolstoy akunena za Trubetskoy, kulungamitsa kuchedwa kumaliza buku la Kuuka kwa Akufa chifukwa cha kusintha kwatsopano m'malemba apamanja: nkhope ndi maso, kotero kwa ine chinthu chachikulu ndi moyo wauzimu, wofotokozedwa muzithunzi. . Ndipo mawonekedwe awa sakanakhoza kukonzedwanso.
Patangotha zaka khumi, kumayambiriro kwa Marichi 1909, Trubetskoy adapanganso ziboliboli zina ziwiri za wolemba - Tolstoy atakwera pamahatchi ndi chithunzi chaching'ono. Kuyambira 29 mpaka 31 Ogasiti Trubetskoy zitsanzo za Tolstoy. Kwa nthawi yomaliza amakhala ndi mkazi wake ku Yasnaya Polyana kuyambira May 29 mpaka June 12, 1910; amajambula chithunzi cha Tolstoy mu mafuta, amapanga zojambula ziwiri mu pensulo ndipo akugwira ntchito mu chosema "Tolstoy pa akavalo". Pa June 20, wolemba akunenanso kuti Trubetskoy ndi waluso kwambiri.
Malinga ndi VF Bulgakov, yemwe adalankhula ndi Trubetskoy panthawiyo, womalizayo anali "vegan", ndipo anakana mkaka: "N'chifukwa chiyani timafunikira mkaka? Kodi ndife ang'ono mokwanira kumwa mkaka? Ndi ang’ono okha amene amamwa mkaka.”
Pamene Vestnik yoyamba ya Vegetarian inayamba kufalitsidwa mu 1904, Trubetskoy anakhala wofalitsa wina wa magaziniyi kuchokera mu February, yomwe anakhalabe mpaka kope lomaliza (No. 5, May 1905).
Chikondi chapadera cha Trubetskoy pa zinyama chinali kudziwika kumadzulo. Friedrich Jankowski, mu filosofi yake ya zamasamba (Philosophie des Vegetarismus, Berlin, 1912) mu mutu wakuti “The Essence of the Artist and Nutrition” (Das Wesen des Kunstlers und der Ernahrung) akunena kuti Trubetskoy ndi wachilengedwe pazaluso zake zakudziko munthu, koma amakhala wosadya zamasamba ndipo samanyalanyaza anthu a ku Parisi, amapanga phokoso m'misewu ndi m'malesitilanti ndi mimbulu yake yoweta. P. mu 1988 analemba kuti: “Zipambano za Trubetskoy ndi ulemerero umene anapeza,” analemba motero P. mu 8. Castagnoli, “zimapanga mgwirizano ndi kutchuka kumene wojambulayo analandira ndi chigamulo chake chosatsutsika chokomera kusadya zamasamba ndi chikondi chimene analanda nacho nyama m’manja mwake. chitetezo. Agalu, nswala, akavalo, mimbulu, njovu zili m'gulu la zinthu zomwe wojambula amakonda kwambiri” (ill. XNUMX yy).
Trubetskoy analibe zolinga zolembalemba. Koma chikhumbo chake chofuna kulimbikitsa moyo wazamasamba chinali chachikulu kwambiri kotero kuti adachiwonetsanso mu sewero lachitatu lachi Italiya lotchedwa "Dokotala wochokera ku pulaneti lina" ("Il dottore di un altro planeta"). Kope limodzi la lemba limeneli, limene Trubetskoy anapereka kwa mchimwene wake Luigi mu 1937, linasindikizidwa kwa nthaŵi yoyamba mu 1988. M’chochitika choyamba, mtsikanayo, amene sanataye ulemu kwa zolengedwa zake zaubale, amene chiwopsezo chake sichinafike. koma zasokonezedwa ndi misonkhano, zimatsutsa kusaka. M’chochitika chachiŵiri, munthu wina wachikulire amene anamangidwapo akusimba nkhani yake (“Ecco la mia storia”). Zaka XNUMX zapitazo, ankakhala ndi mkazi wake ndi ana atatu: “Tinali ndi nyama zambiri zimene tinkaziona monga achibale. Tinkadya zinthu zapadziko lapansi chifukwa tinkaona kuti ndi mlandu wochepa ndiponso wankhanza kupha abale ophedwa mwankhanza chonchi, kukwirira mitembo yawo m’mimba mwathu ndi kukhutiritsa kususuka kopotoka ndi koipa kwa anthu ambiri. Tidakhuta ndi zipatso za m’nthaka ndipo tinali okondwa.” Ndiyeno tsiku lina wofotokozerayo amakhala mboni ya momwe woyendetsa galimoto wina amamenya mwankhanza kavalo wake panjira yachithaphwi; akuuzinga, dalaivala amamenya mwamphamvu kwambiri, amatsetsereka ndikumenya mwala mpaka kufa. Wolemba nkhaniyo akufuna kumuthandiza, ndipo apolisi amamuimba mlandu mopanda chilungamo. Monga mukuwonera, zomwe zidachitika m'tauni ya Intra zikadali zowoneka bwino m'chiwonetserochi.
Trubetskoy anali ndi zaka zoposa makumi atatu pamene adatenga nawo mbali mu mpikisano wa chipilala cha Alexander III. Pulogalamu yampikisanoyo idapereka kuti mfumuyo iwonetsedwe kukhala pampando wachifumu. Trubetskoy sanakonde izi, ndipo, pamodzi ndi chithunzi chofanana ndi chilengezo cha mpikisano, anapereka chithunzi china chosonyeza mfumu atakhala pa kavalo. Chisankho chachiwirichi chinakondweretsa mkazi wamasiye wa mfumu, motero Trubetskoy analandira lamulo la 150 rubles. Komabe, mabwalo olamulira sanakhutire ndi ntchito yomalizidwa: tsiku lotsegulira chipilala (May 000) kwa wojambulayo linalengezedwa mochedwa kwambiri kotero kuti sakanatha kufika ku chikondwererocho panthawi yake.
Kufotokozera za zochitikazi kunasiyidwa kwa ife ndi NB Nordman m'buku lake la Intimate Pages. Mutu umodzi, wa June 17, 1909, umatchedwa kuti: “Kalata yopita kwa bwenzi. Tsiku la Trubetskoy. Izi, analemba KI Chukovsky, "masamba okongola". Nordman akufotokoza mmene iye ndi Repin anafika ku St. Petersburg ndi kupita ku hotela kumene Trubetskoy akukhala, ndi mmene sanamupeze poyamba. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Nordman anakumana ndi Ammayi Lidia Borisovna Yavorskaya-Baryatinsky (1871-1921), amene anayambitsa New Drama Theatre; Lidia Borisovna chifundo Trubetskoy. Wamizidwa! Ndipo kotero yekha. "Chilichonse, aliyense amatsutsana naye mwamphamvu." Pamodzi ndi Trubetskoy, onse "amawuluka pa tram" kuti ayang'ane chipilalachi: "Chilengedwe chodzidzimutsa, champhamvu, chokulungidwa ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri !!" Pambuyo poyendera chipilala, kadzutsa ku hotelo. Trubetskoy amakhalabe pano. Nthawi yomweyo, mu Chirasha chake cholakwika, mwachizolowezi, amayambitsa zamasamba:
"- Butler, eh! Butler!?
Dvoretsky akugwada mwaulemu pamaso pa Trubetskoy.
"Kodi wakufayo adaphika pano?" Mu supu iyi? O! Mphuno imamva… mtembo!
Tonse timayang'ana wina ndi mzake. O alaliki awo! Iwo, monga ziboliboli ku Igupto pa maphwando, amalankhula ndi kukumbutsa zomwe munthu safuna kuziganizira m'miyoyo yathu wamba. Nanga n’cifukwa ciani zili za mitembo pa cakudya? Aliyense wasokonezeka. Sakudziwa zoti asankhe pamapu.
Ndipo Lidia Borisovna, ndi nzeru za moyo wamkazi, nthawi yomweyo amatenga mbali Trubetskoy.
"Mwandiyambitsa ndi malingaliro anu, ndipo ndipita nanu osadya zamasamba!"
Ndipo amayitanitsa pamodzi. Ndipo Trubetskoy amaseka ndi kumwetulira ngati mwana. Iye ali mu mzimu.
O! Sindinayitanidwenso ku chakudya chamadzulo ku Paris. Ndatopa ndi aliyense ndi ulaliki wanga!! Tsopano ndinaganiza zouza aliyense za kusadya zamasamba. Dalaivala akunditenga, ndipo tsopano ndili kwa iye: Est – ce que vous mangez des cadavres? chabwino, zapita, zapita. <...> Posachedwapa, ndinapita kukagula mipando - ndipo mwadzidzidzi ndinayamba kulalikira ndikuyiwala chifukwa chake ndinabwera, ndipo mwiniwake anaiwala. Tinakambirana zamasamba, tinapita kumunda wake, kudya zipatso. Tsopano ndife abwenzi apamtima, iye ndi wotsatira wanga ... Ndipo ndinasemanso chibangili cha wamalonda wolemera wa ng'ombe wochokera ku America. Gawo loyamba linali chete. Ndipo pa chachiwiri ndikufunsa - ndiuzeni, kodi ndinu okondwa?
Ine, inde!
– Kodi muli ndi chikumbumtima chabwino?
– Ndine? Inde, koma bwanji, Chabwino, izo zinayamba! …”
Pambuyo pake, Repin amakonzera phwando bwenzi lake Trubetskoy palesitilanti ya Kontan. Zoitanira anthu pafupifupi 20 zinatumizidwa, koma “mu St. Kwa nthawi yayitali adakhala chete za iye, "mpaka pomaliza Diaghilev adabweretsa zinthu zake ndikudziwitsa anthu aku Russia!" Repin mu holo yopanda kanthu amalankhula mawu osangalatsa, ndipo akuwonetsanso zakusaphunzira kwa Trubetskoy, zomwe zidakulitsidwa mwadala komanso mwadala. Trubetskoy adapanga chipilala chabwino kwambiri cha Dante ku Italy. "Anamufunsa - mwina mukudziwa mzere uliwonse wa Kumwamba ndi Gahena pamtima? … Sindinawerengepo Dante m'moyo wanga! Kodi amawaphunzitsa bwanji ophunzira ake, Repin akufunsa mwachipongwe, “chifukwa samalankhula bwino Chirasha. - Inde, amaphunzitsa chinthu chimodzi chokha - pamene iwe, akuti, mukusema - muyenera kumvetsetsa pamene kuli kofewa ndi komwe kuli kovuta. - Ndichoncho! Kumene kuli kofewa ndi komwe kuli kovuta! Kuzama bwanji m'mawu awa !!! izo. zofewa - minofu, yolimba - fupa. Aliyense amene amvetsetsa izi ali ndi mawonekedwe, koma kwa wosema izi ndi zonse. Pachiwonetsero cha 1900 ku Paris, oweruza onse pamodzi adapatsa Trubetskoy mtengo waukulu chifukwa cha ntchito yake. Iye ndi nthawi muzosema...
Трубецкой, на французском я XNUMX, благодарит репина за Выступление - и При этом сразу же Пускает Вод Koma zonse zomwezo ndidzanena kuti ndimakonda, ndimakonda moyo! Chifukwa chokonda moyo uno ndikufuna kuti ulemekezedwe. Polemekeza moyo, nyama siziyenera kuphedwa monga momwe timachitira panopa. Timangopha basi! Koma ndikunena kulikonse ndi kwa aliyense amene ndimakumana naye… Osapha. Lemekezani moyo! Ndipo ngati mungodya mitembo - mulangidwa ndi matenda omwe [sic! - П.B.] kukupatsani mitembo iyi. Ichi ndiye chilango chokha chimene nyama zosauka zingakupatseni.” Все слушают насупившись. Kodi любит проповеди? Мясные блюда становятся противны. “O! Ndimakonda chilengedwe, ndimakonda kuposa china chilichonse < ...> Ndipo apa pali chipilala changa chomalizidwa! Ndine wokondwa ndi ntchito yanga. Zimangonena zomwe ndimafuna - mphamvu ndi moyo! »
Kufuula kwa Repin "Bravo, bravo Trubetskoy!" adanenedwa ndi manyuzipepala. Katswiri wa chipilala cha Trubetskoy adachita chidwi kwambiri ndi VV Rozanov; chipilala ichi chinamupangitsa kukhala "wokonda Trubetskoy". SP Diaghilev mu 1901 kapena 1902, mu ofesi ya mkonzi wa magazini Mir Iskusstva, anasonyeza Rozanov mapangidwe chipilala. Pambuyo pake, Rozanov adapereka nkhani yosangalatsa kwa "Paolo Trubezkoi ndi chipilala chake kwa Alexander III": "pano, pachipilala ichi, tonsefe, a Rus athu onse kuyambira 1881 mpaka 1894." Wojambula uyu Rozanov adapeza "munthu waluso kwambiri", katswiri, wapachiyambi komanso wosazindikira. Inde, nkhani ya Rozanov sinatchule za chikondi cha Trubetskoy pa chilengedwe ndi moyo wake wamasamba.
Chipilalacho chinakumana ndi tsoka lomvetsa chisoni. Osati kokha mabwalo olamulira ochokera kwa gulu la Nicholas II sanamukonde, koma akuluakulu a Soviet adamubisanso mu 1937, pa nthawi ya Stalinism, mumtundu wina wa kumbuyo. Trubetskoy, wotchuka chifukwa cha ziboliboli zake za nyama, anakana kuti ntchitoyo inali yofuna kulengeza zandale kuti: “Ndinkangofuna kujambula nyama imodzi pa inzake.”
Tolstoy analola Trubetskoy kufotokoza yekha. Iye ananena za iye kuti: “Ndi mphatso yotani nanga, ndi mphatso yotani nanga.” Trubetskoy sanangovomereza kuti sanawerenge Nkhondo ndi Mtendere - adayiwalanso kutenga nawo mabuku a Tolstoy, omwe adaperekedwa ku Yasnaya Polyana. gulu lake "zophiphiritsira" pulasitiki ankadziwika Tolstoy. Pa June 20, 1910, Makovitsky analemba kuti: "LN inayamba kuyankhula za Trubetskoy: - Trubetskoy, wosema zithunzi, wothandizira kwambiri zamasamba, anapanga fano la fisi ndi mwamuna ndipo anasaina kuti: "Fisi amadya mitembo, ndipo munthu akupha yekha…”
NB Nordman anapereka kwa mibadwo yamtsogolo chenjezo la Trubetskoy lokhudza kusamutsira matenda a nyama kwa anthu. Mawu akuti: “vous etes punis par les maladies qui [sic!] vous donnent ces cadavres” siliri chenjezo lokhalo lochokera ku dziko la Russia lisanayambe nkhondo imene amati likuimira matenda amisala.
p, s, Mu chithunzi Paolo Trubetskoy ndi LN Tolstoy pa akavalo.