Miscanthus: mawonekedwe, mitundu, mitundu, kutalika, kukana chisanu, chithunzi

Chithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe a miscanthus amayimira chitsamba chokongola cha herbaceous osatha komanso maluwa ochedwa. Ndikosavuta kulima mbewu pamalopo, koma choyamba muyenera kudziwa malamulowo.

Makhalidwe ndi kufotokozera miscanthus

Miscanthus (Miscanthus) ndi chomera chosatha cha banja la Grass. Ili ndi rhizomes zokwawa zomwe zimatha kupita 6 m pansi pa nthaka, ndi zimayambira zowongoka. Masamba ndi achikopa, mamba, opapatiza kwambiri, obiriwira mumtundu. Mikwingwirima yosiyana imatha kupezeka pamwamba.

Panthawi yokongoletsera, osatha amatulutsa mphukira zazitali zokhala ndi mawonekedwe a inflorescences-panicles. Chikhalidwechi chikuwoneka mosasamala, koma chimadziwika ndi kudzichepetsa komanso kupirira kwapadera.

Miscanthus saizi

Chikhalidwe ndi cha m'gulu la osatha apakati kapena amtali. Zomera zimafika 70-300 cm kuchokera pansi, kutengera mitundu. Chifukwa cha rhizomes zokwawa, tchire limakula kwambiri - m'mimba mwake imatha kupitilira 1 m.

Kodi miscanthus imamera kuti?

M'malo ake achilengedwe, zosatha zimatha kuwoneka nthawi zambiri ku Southeast Asia. Mitundu ina imapezekanso ku Africa ndi Far East. Miscanthus imakonda dothi lonyowa bwino, lotayirira. Zosatha zimakonda kuwala kwa dzuwa ndipo zimakhazikika makamaka m'malo otseguka.

Pamene miscanthus ikuphuka

Nthawi yamaluwa ya miscanthus imatengera mitundu, koma nthawi zambiri nthawi yokongoletsa imayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndipo imatha mpaka pakati pa Okutobala. Mu Ogasiti, ma panicle inflorescence aatali, amtundu wa kirimu amawonekera pamwamba pa masamba obiriwira.

Ma inflorescence a Miscanthus amatha kutalika masentimita 20-30.

Chochititsa chidwi cha osatha ndi chakuti nyengo yozizira ikayamba, masamba ake okha amauma. Ma inflorescence amapitilira nthawi yonse yozizira.

Kuuma kwa dzinja kwa miscanthus

Nthawi yozizira ya Miscanthus ndi 4-5, koma zisonyezo za kuuma kwapadera zimadalira zosiyanasiyana. Pafupifupi, chikhalidwecho chimapirira kutentha mpaka -34 ° C. Kutentha kochepa sikuvulaza osatha, makamaka ngati mukudandaula za kutentha mizu pasadakhale. Panicle inflorescences amakhala silvery m'nyengo yozizira, koma amakhalabe okongola.

Mitundu ndi mitundu ya miscanthus yokhala ndi zithunzi ndi mayina

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya miscanthus kudera la Moscow ndi madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri amaperekedwa mosiyanasiyana. Musanabzale mbewu pamalopo, ndikofunikira kuphunzira zamitundu yotchuka.

Kuphuka (Miscanthus floridulus)

Chomeracho chimadziwika ndi chitukuko chofulumira komanso kukana chisanu. Pafupifupi safuna chinyezi, amalekerera mosavuta chilala. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, amapanga makutu ang'onoang'ono, koma kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira, sangakhale ndi nthawi yomanga inflorescences.

Mitundu yambiri yamaluwa imatha kufika 3-4 m kuchokera pansi

Oligostachus (Miscanthus oligostachyus)

Mitundu yotsika yosatha nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito osati kungobzala m'munda, komanso kuswana pakhonde kapena pakhonde. Ma inflorescence a Oligostachus ndi oyera-siliva okhala ndi utoto wapinki, wokongola kwambiri, masamba ali ndi mizere. M'dzinja, mbalezo zimakhala mtundu wonyezimira wa uchi-lalanje.

Kutalika kwa mitundu ya Oligostachus ndi pafupifupi 1,5 m.

Chimphona (Miscanthus giganteus)

Miscanthus yobzala kudera la Moscow ili ndi matsinde owongoka mpaka 3 m kuchokera pansi. Masamba a chomeracho ndi kulira kwakukulu, ndi mzere woyera pakati. Mambawa amafalikira kuchokera ku rhizome mbali zonse, chifukwa chomwe chosatha chimatenga mawonekedwe okongoletsa kwambiri. Amamasula mumtundu wa pinkish hue, womwe umakhala wasiliva m'nyengo yozizira.

Miscanthus yayikulu sichikhoza kuphuka m'madera ozizira, choncho nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa kumalo otentha.

Chitchaina (Miscanthus sinensis)

Chomera chosatha chimafika 3 m kuchokera pansi, chili ndi masamba opapatiza. Iwo limamasula mu spikelets yochepa anasonkhana lotayirira panicles.

Miscanthus yaku China ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa obereketsa ndipo imayimiridwa ndi mitundu yambirimbiri.

Maluwa a Shuga (Miscanthus sacchariflonis)

Kutentha kosatha kumakula mpaka 2 m kuchokera pansi. Masamba amtunduwu ndi obiriwira obiriwira, ma panicles ndi oyera kapena pinki.

Nthawi yokongoletsera ya miscanthus yokhala ndi shuga imatha kuyambira Julayi mpaka Okutobala.

Momwe mungabzalire miscanthus

Ndikofunikira kubzala miscanthus pamalo otseguka kumapeto kwa Marichi mpaka pakati pa Meyi. Nthawi yeniyeni imadalira dera - muyenera kuyembekezera mpaka nthaka itasungunuka bwino ndikutentha. Pamalo, malo owala ndi otetezedwa ku mphepo amasankhidwa. Chikhalidwe cha nthaka chimafuna loam lonyowa komanso lachonde, loamy kapena mchenga.

Njira yodutsira miscanthus ili motere:

1. Malo osankhidwa a mundawo amakumbidwa pasadakhale.
2. Nthaka imathiridwa feteleza ndi zinthu zachilengedwe ndipo mchere wovuta umawonjezeredwa.
3. Maenje obzala amakonzekera mbande, pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri kukula kwa mizu.
4. Hafu mudzaze zotsalira zake ndi dothi lazakudya.
5. Mbande imayikidwa pakati ndipo mizu imayalidwa m'mbali.
6. Kuwaza zomera ndi zotsalira za dziko lapansi ndi tamp nthaka.

Mukangobzala, mbewu yosatha iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Ndibwinonso kuti mulch nthaka kuti chinyonthocho chisasunthike pang'onopang'ono.

Miscanthus Care

Ngati mumapereka miscanthus malo abwino okulirapo, kuyisamalira kumakhala kosavuta. Muyenera kumvetsera ntchito zingapo.

Ndinathirira miscanthus

Miscanthus ku Siberia ndi njira yapakati imafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse, chifukwa sichilekerera chilala. Iyenera kunyowetsedwa pamene gawo lapamwamba la nthaka likuuma.

Madzi amalowetsedwa m'nthaka ndi payipi, madziwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ofunda komanso okhazikika. M'pofunika kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chinyezi pokhapokha nthawi ya mvula yamphamvu. Pankhaniyi, osatha adzalandira chinyezi chokwanira mwachilengedwe.

Zowonjezera feteleza

Kuti mukule bwino miscanthus kuchokera ku mbewu mutabzala pansi, ndikofunikira kudyetsa osatha nthawi zonse. Feteleza amayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chaka chachiwiri, m'katikati mwa Meyi yankho la urea limawonjezeredwa m'nthaka, ndipo mu June - humate mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi.

Kumapeto kwa Julayi ndi Ogasiti, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa chikhalidwecho ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Zinthu izi zimalimbitsa kupirira kwa mbewu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nyengo yake yozizira imakhala yabwino.

Pambuyo kuthirira kulikonse, dothi lomwe lili ndi miscanthus liyenera kumasulidwa mozama.

kudulira miscanthus

Kudula miscanthus ndikofunikira, chifukwa imakonda kukula mwaukali. Njirayi ikuchitika kawiri pa nyengo - masika ndi autumn. Podulira, masamba onse owuma ndi owola amachotsedwa, ndipo mphukira zomwe zadutsa malo omwe adapatsidwa zimachotsedwanso.

Ngakhale mutabzala herbaceous osatha, tikulimbikitsidwa kukumba zidutswa za slate kapena chitsulo kuzungulira bedi lamaluwa. Ayenera kuzama osachepera 20 cm, kutalika kwa malire kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi 10 cm. Mzere wa malire udzalepheretsa chomera chokongoletsera kuti chisanduke udzu woopsa.

Miscanthus yozizira

Mitundu yambiri imatha kulekerera kuzizira kozizira mpaka -34 ° C. Komabe, kumayambiriro kwa autumn, mulimonsemo, tikulimbikitsidwa kumanga pogona kwa osatha. Nthawi zambiri, chimango chimayikidwa pamwamba pa bedi lamaluwa ndipo agrofibre imakokedwa pamwamba pake. Mizu imawazidwa ndi masamba owuma kapena humus. Ngati nyengo yozizira ikuyembekezeka kukhala yozizira, nthambi za spruce zimayikidwanso pamwamba pa nyumba yogona.

Miscanthus amadzuka mochedwa kwambiri nyengo yozizira - kumapeto kwa Epulo kapena mu Meyi. Koma kale ndi kuyamba kwa thaw yoyamba, m'pofunika kuchotsa pang'ono pogona pa osatha kuteteza kuwonongeka kwake.

Momwe mungasinthire miscanthus

Mutha kubzala miscanthus kumapeto kwa masika malinga ndi dongosolo lokhazikika. Zikuwoneka motere:

1. Chomera chathanzi komanso cholimba chimakumbidwa pansi.
2. Ndi mpeni wakuthwa, osatha amagawidwa m'magawo angapo, kusiya mphukira zingapo ndi mizu yodzaza pa aliyense wa iwo.
3. Kwa masiku 3-4, mbande zomwe zimatuluka zimatumizidwa kumalo ozizira.
4. Dulani zomera mpaka 6 cm mu mauta osiyana m'munda.

Ndondomeko ikuchitika nyengo yofunda kuyambira April mpaka m'ma June. Zomera zakale kuposa zaka zinayi zimafunikira kusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Mphukira zapakati pawo zimafa pang'onopang'ono, kotero kuti tchire lakale limataya kukongoletsa kwake.

Kubereka kwa Miscanthus

Pali njira zingapo zofalitsira chikhalidwe m'dzikoli. Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito njira yogawanitsa kapena kukula kuchokera ku mbewu. Kufalitsa kwamasamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunikira - osatha samachita bwino kuvulala kulikonse ndikuchira kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbande

Kuti mukule miscanthus kuchokera ku mbewu, muyenera kuyamba kubzala mbewuyo mu autumn. Kwa osatha, chidebe chosaya chimakonzedwa ndikudzazidwa ndi dothi losakaniza. Mbewu zimakwiriridwa mpaka 1 cm ndikumera pansi pa filimu mpaka zitamera.

Chikhalidwe chikapereka mphukira zoyambirira zobiriwira, bokosilo liyenera kusunthidwa pawindo lowala. Kanemayo amachotsedwa kwathunthu.

M'nyengo yozizira, osatha amakula pa kutentha pafupifupi 20 ° C, ngati kuli kofunikira, ndikuwonjezera mbande ndi fitolamp. Care yafupika makamaka zolimbitsa kuthirira. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, mbande za miscanthus zimayamba kuumitsa mumpweya watsopano, ndipo nyengo yofunda imasamutsidwa kumalo otseguka.

Miscanthus kuchokera ku mbewu imakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo imakula pakatha zaka 3-4.

Pogawa chitsamba

Chikhalidwe sichikonda kuyika, koma zaka zingapo zilizonse tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigawidwe ndi ma rhizome kuti atsitsimuke. Zosatha zimachotsedwa m'nthaka ndikudulidwa mu magawo 2-3, kenako tchire limabzalidwa m'mabowo osiyana.

Mizu ya delenok tikulimbikitsidwa kuchitiridwa ndi kukula stimulator ndi kulowetsedwa wa nkhuni phulusa. Izi zidzateteza chikhalidwe ku matenda ndi kufulumizitsa engraftment yake.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

The osatha ali kwambiri kukana matenda ndi tiziromboti. Koma choopsa china kwa iye ndi:

• kuvunda kwa mizu - matendawa amabweretsa mdima ndi kufota kwa masamba ndi mphukira;
  
  

  Kuwola kwa mizu kumakhudza miscanthus pa nthaka yodzaza madzi

• Kangaude - Tizilombo timene timayambitsa matenda osatha kukakhala kouma ndipo timatsekereza tsinde ndi mbale zake.
  
  

  Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi ofunda kumathandiza kuti akangaude asaonekere.

Kuti muteteze ku bowa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti chikhalidwecho chizitetezedwa ndi Bordeaux liquid kapena fungicides. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi autumn pambuyo pa maluwa.

Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi miscanthus pakupanga mawonekedwe

Zithunzi za miscanthus pabedi lamaluwa zikuwonetsa kuti zosatha zimayenda bwino ndi mbewu zina m'mundamo. Oyandikana nawo abwino kwambiri ndi awa:

• lavenda;
• kupulumutsa;
• gaura;
• stonecrop;
• echination wofiirira;
• anemone ya ku Japan;
• mawonekedwe a mawindo;
• Buenos Aires verbena.

Kubzala miscanthus m'malo kumalimbikitsidwa kumbuyo kuti apange maziko okongoletsa. Herbaceous osatha amapatsa bedi lamaluwa kupepuka komanso mpweya, kumatsindika kukongola kwa maluwa owala.

Miscanthus m'mundamo amabzalidwa m'mphepete mwa njira ndi ma facade

Kutsiliza

Zithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe a miscanthus amapereka lingaliro la kulimba kosatha ndi zofunikira zosavuta kusamalira. Pakukula, chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa ku chinyezi - chikhalidwe sichimalekerera chilala bwino.

Ndemanga za miscanthus