Zamkatimu
Posachedwapa, nthawi zambiri timamva mawu monga zakudya zovulaza komanso zathanzi, mofulumira komanso mochedwa, zosavuta komanso zovuta. Mawuwa ndi otchuka makamaka kwa anthu athanzi.
Akatswiri ena azachipatala amakhulupirira kuti ma carbohydrate ndiye maziko a thupi lathanzi, kapena kuti amadya moyenera. Kupatula apo, zotsatira za kusalinganika kwa chakudya chamagulu m'thupi ndi kusakhazikika bwino, mphwayi, kuchuluka kwamanjenje, kuchepa kwamalingaliro ndi zolimbitsa thupi, matenda a shuga ndi zina zambiri.
Zidzakhala zosangalatsa komanso zothandiza kwa ambiri kuphunzira za zizindikiro ndi makhalidwe abwino a gulu limodzi la chakudya - monosaccharides.
Zakudya zokhala ndi monosaccharides:
General makhalidwe a monosaccharides
Monosaccharides ndi gulu lazakudya zomwe zimatchedwa shuga wosavuta. Iwo sali hydrolyzed ndi madzi; amawoneka ngati mankhwala a polyhydroxyl okhala ndi aldehyde kapena magulu a ketone. Ma monosaccharides amawonongeka mwachangu, nthawi yomweyo amalowa m'magazi, ndipo samasungidwa m'malo osungira mafuta. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvuzi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwaubongo.
Ma monosaccharides ali ndi kukoma kokoma kosiyana mosiyanasiyana ndipo amatha kusungunuka mosavuta m'madzi. Mtundu uwu wa chakudya umayimiridwa ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:
- Glucose ndiye monosaccharide yodziwika bwino yomwe imatha kupangidwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma disaccharides ndi wowuma kuchokera ku chakudya;
- fructose - imatengeka mosavuta, sichimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi;
- galactose ndi chinthu chowonongeka cha lactose.
Mu chikhalidwe chaufulu, zigawo ziwiri zoyambirira zimapezeka mu zipatso ndi maluwa. Nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi masamba, zipatso, zipatso, ndipo amapezeka mu uchi wa njuchi. Galactose si gawo lazakudya.
Zochitika Zakale
Wofufuza wa ku Russia KG Sigismund kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1811. anapanga zoyesera ndikupeza shuga ndi hydrolysis ya wowuma. Mu 1844, wasayansi waku Russia KG Schmidt adayambitsa lingaliro la chakudya.
Mu 1927. Asayansi apeza kuti pali zakudya zopatsa mphamvu, zomwe zimayimiridwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa. Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zinayamba kugawidwa m’magulu. Mmodzi mwa iwo adatchedwa "monosaxaridы".
Zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku za monosaccharides
Kutengera zochita ndi zaka, kudya kwa monosaccharides kuyenera kukhala 15-20 peresenti yazakudya zonse zama carbohydrate. Kuti mugwire bwino ntchito muubongo, chofunikira tsiku lililonse cha monosaccharides ndi 160 - 180 g, chomwe ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi azakudya zonse zomwe zimadyedwa ndi chakudya (300-500 g patsiku). Mwachitsanzo, ngati gawo la uchi linadyedwa, ndiye kuti maswiti ena onse ndi chimanga ayenera kuyiwalika mpaka tsiku lotsatira.
Pamaso pa zidziwitso zachipatala, kuchuluka kwa ma monosaccharides kumatha kuchepetsedwa, koma kutsika pang'onopang'ono mpaka 100 g patsiku.
Kufunika kwa monosaccharides kumawonjezeka:
- pamene mukugwira ntchito yolemetsa yolimbitsa thupi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi;
- okhala ndi luntha lalikulu komanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa ntchito zamaganizidwe;
- ali aang'ono, pamene mphamvu imafunika makamaka kuti ikule;
- ndi kugona ndi kulefuka kwa thupi;
- kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za kuledzera kwa thupi;
- ndi matenda a chiwindi, mantha dongosolo, m`mimba thirakiti;
- Okwiya;
- ndi kulemera kwa thupi;
- kuchepa kwa mphamvu.
Kufunika kwa monosaccharides kumachepetsa:
- ndi kunenepa kwambiri;
- kungokhala;
- kwa okalamba;
- ndi matenda oopsa.
Digestibility wa monosaccharides
Monosaccharides amatengedwa mosavuta ndi thupi. Amapereka mphamvu zowonjezera mofulumira m'thupi. Choncho, amalangizidwa kuti azinyamula katundu wanthawi yayitali. Amathandizira kuwonjezereka kwa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa hypoglycemia. Kudya kwa ma carbohydrate awa kuyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino osapitilira.
Zothandiza zimatha monosaccharides ndi momwe zimakhudzira thupi
- kulemeretsa thupi ndi mphamvu;
- kusintha ntchito ya ubongo;
- kuchotsa poizoni;
- ntchito kufooka kwa minofu ya mtima;
- zofunika kulimbitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi;
- kukhutitsa njala, ndi kusankha koyenera kwa zinthu (tirigu, masamba obiriwira, zipatso);
- kubwezeretsanso mphamvu pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi;
- kusintha maganizo.
Kudya masamba, omwe amanyamula ma monosaccharides, ndikotetezeka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Koma zipatso mu nkhani iyi ayenera kudyedwa mosamala.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kumwa fructose kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwola kwa mano, diathesis, komanso kumathandizira kuwongolera shuga ngati ali ndi chizolowezi cha matenda a shuga. Zowonadi, fructose safuna insulin kuti ilowe m'magazi ndi ziwalo zamkati.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti phindu la monosaccharides loimiridwa ndi galactose ndikuti limathandizira kuyamwa kashiamu, kumapangitsa kuti m'mimba muzikhala bwino, komanso kumathandizira njira zamanjenje.
Glucose ndi wofunikira kwambiri chifukwa ndi gawo la magazi. Ichi ndiye chakudya chofunikira kwambiri champhamvu.
Kuyanjana ndi zinthu zina
Ma monosaccharides amalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa kashiamu ndi vitamini C. Sikuti amawonongeka panthawi ya hydrolysis.
Zizindikiro za kusowa kwa monosaccharides m'thupi:
- kuchepetsa shuga wamagazi;
- chizungulire;
- njala;
- kuphwanya kagayidwe kachakudya;
- kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kulemera kwa thupi;
- maganizo.
Zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa monosaccharides m'thupi:
- kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- kuphwanya acid-base balance;
- chiwindi dystrophy;
- kusalolera kwa mkaka.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza zomwe zili mu monosaccharides m'thupi
Kwenikweni, ma monosaccharides amalowa m'thupi ndi chakudya. Glucose ndi fructose zitha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma disaccharides ndi wowuma.
Monosaccharides kukongola ndi thanzi
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa monosaccharides kumapangitsa kuti thupi likhale logwira ntchito, lamphamvu, lodzaza ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Ubongo umagwira ntchito mwamphamvu, munthu samasiya chisangalalo. Zowonadi, pali mwayi umodzi wofunikira muzakudya zotsekemera - kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumathandizira kupanga mahomoni osangalatsa.