Nsomba za Muksun: kufotokozera ndi chithunzi, kumene zimapezeka, zomwe zimadya

Nsomba za Muksun zimayimira dongosolo la "salmon", mtundu wa "whitefish" ndi subfamily "whitefish". Muksun ndi wachibale wapafupi wa Baikal omul. Imakonda kukhala m'madzi abwino ndipo imayamikiridwa kwambiri, choncho, onse amagwidwa ndi kuŵetedwa pamlingo waukulu, onse ndi anthu komanso amalonda.

Muksun nsomba: kufotokoza

Nyama ya nsomba iyi ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera, choncho imasiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zomwe zimakhala m'madzi atsopano. Nyama imasiyana kununkhira komanso kukoma kwa data. Nsomba za Muksun sizimatsutsana ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chiwindi ndi impso. Kuphatikiza apo, othamanga amakonda kudya nyama ya nsomba iyi, chifukwa amakhala ndi zakudya zokhwima.

Maonekedwe

Banja la salimoni lili ndi mitundu yambiri ya nsomba zamtengo wapatali, koma nsomba za muksun zimatengedwa kuti ndizofunika kwambiri. Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, pamene sterlet ankagulitsidwa mu ndowa, nsomba za muksun zinkagulitsidwa ndi chidutswacho. Mwa mawonekedwe, mutha kudziwa mtundu womwe umayimira.

Pamenepa, thupi la nsombayo ndi looneka ngati lozungulira. Thupi lalitali limakhala lafulati. Mtundu wa thupi siwonyozeka: kumbuyo kuli mthunzi wakuda, ndipo mbali ndi mimba zimakhala zopepuka, pamene mimba imakhala yoyera, ndipo mbali zake ndi zasiliva. Oimira mtsinje amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa golide. Mitundu yamtundu uliwonse imapangitsa nsomba kukhala yosawoneka m'madzi. Mutu ndi mchira, mogwirizana ndi thupi, zili pamalo okwezeka. Nsomba zikamakula, hump imayamba kukula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsombazo zikhale "zopindika".

Zambiri zosangalatsa! Anthu akuluakulu amatha kukula motalika kuposa mita ndikulemera mpaka ma kilogalamu 12,5, ngakhale kukula kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 70 cm ndi kulemera kwa pafupifupi 4 kg kapena kupitilira apo. Anthu oterowo amaonedwa kuti ndi aakulu. Monga lamulo, anthu omwe amalemera ma kilogalamu osapitilira 1,5 amakhala.

Mutu wa nsombayi si wakuthwa, ndi pakamwa pali pansi. Chibwano cham'munsi chimakhala kutsogolo pang'ono poyerekeza ndi nsagwada zakumtunda, zomwe zimalola anthu kusonkhanitsa nkhanu zazing'ono kuchokera pansi pa dziwe. Magill amapangidwa ndi ma stamens ambiri, omwe amawalola kusefa zinthu zomwe zimayamwa chakudya. Izi ndi zabwino makamaka kwa ziweto zomwe zimadya zooplankton.

Moyo, khalidwe

Nsomba imeneyi ndi ya mitundu ina ya ma semi-anadromous, ndipo imakhala m'madzi atsopano kapena amchere, kumene imamera ndikukula. Nsomba za Muksun zimapambana mpaka mtunda wa makilomita chikwi chimodzi ndi theka motsutsana ndi panopa kuti ziyikire mazira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, samafa, koma amatha kubwerera kumalo ake akale, kumene amabwezeretsa mphamvu zake, kuti nthawi ina apitenso kukabereka.

Kodi muksun amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba za muksun zimatha kukhala zaka pafupifupi 25, ngakhale zaka zambiri za akuluakulu ndi zaka 15 mpaka 20.

malo achilengedwe

Muksun amakhala m'madziwe okhala ndi madzi oyera oyera kapena amchere pang'ono. Siisambira m’madzi otseguka a m’nyanja. Monga lamulo, nsomba zimakopeka ndi ma estuaries, komwe madzi abwino amasakanikirana ndi mchere wa m'nyanja, ngakhale pali madera omwe sagwirizana ndi nsomba zamatsengazi.

Chochititsa chidwi! Nsomba zambiri zoyera zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ya Lena ndi Yenisei, ndipo mawonekedwe a mtsinje wa nyanja amapezeka m'nyanja za Lama, Taimyr ndi Glubokoe.

Nsomba za Muksun zimapezeka pafupifupi mitsinje yonse ya ku Siberia. Komanso, nsomba zimapezekanso m’madzi a m’nyanja ya Arctic. Anthu ambiri amawonedwa mu mitsinje ya Tom ndi Ob. M’mitsinje imeneyi ndi m’mabeseni ake, nsomba zimapezeka chaka chonse. M'mitsinje ina, muksun amawonekera nthawi ndi nthawi, pamene akusamuka, pamene nsomba zimapita kukabala. Maonekedwe a nyanja ya muksun amachita chimodzimodzi.

zakudya

Zakudya za nsombazi zimadalira momwe zilili, komanso nthawi ya chaka, kuphatikizapo kupezeka kwa chakudya. M'chilimwe, amadya mollusks ndi crustaceans, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira amangokhala zooplankton. Achinyamata muksun makamaka amadya zooplankton, monga iwo sanathe pokonza, ndipo ngakhale kusaka nyama zazikulu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nsombazo zimasinthidwa mokwanira ndi zinthu zoterezi, chifukwa cha mapangidwe apadera a mbale za gill.

Maziko a zakudya amapangidwa ndi crustaceans zosiyanasiyana, komanso caviar wa mitundu ina ya nsomba, kuphatikizapo nsomba mwachangu ndi zooplankton, koma m'kati mwa kubala, nsomba zimadya molakwika, zimangokwaniritsa zosowa zawo zoyambirira kuti zisafe. Panthawi yoberekera, nsombazi zimawononga mphamvu zake zonse popita kumalo kumene zimaswana. Komanso, muyenera kufika kumalo oberekera mwamsanga, mpaka madzi oundana akuwonekera pamadzi.

Kubala ndi ana

Njira yoberekera imayamba kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene ayezi amayamba kusungunuka pamitsinje. Asanaberekere, aakazi ndi amuna amayenera kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita chikwi, kapena kupitirira apo, kuti akafike kumalo oberekera zachilengedwe. Nsombazi zimatha kukwanitsa mtunda woterowo chapakati pa nthawi ya autumn. Malo abwino kwambiri oberekerako ndi madera okhala ndi mchenga kapena miyala yamchere komanso kukhalapo kwamadzi othamanga. Kuyamba kwa kubereka kumagwirizana ndi kuwonekera kwa ayezi woyamba, ndipo kutha kwa kubala kumakhala mwezi wa Novembala.

Chochititsa chidwi! Njira yoberekera imatha mwamsanga pamene kutentha kwa madzi kumatsika pansi pa +4 madigiri.

Kuchuluka kwa mazira omwe amaikira akazi kumadalira zaka zawo ndipo pafupifupi zidutswa 50 zikwi. Pa moyo wake wonse, yaikazi imatha kuyenda maulendo anayi kupita kumalo oberekera zachilengedwe. Pa nthawi yomweyi, muksun samabala chaka chilichonse. Pamaso kamodzinso kupita spawn, nsomba ayenera kubwezeretsa mphamvu ndi katundu pa zakudya (mafuta).

Mazira amacha kwa pafupifupi theka la chaka (mpaka miyezi 5) ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa kutentha kwa madzi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Atabadwa, nsomba mwachangu zimatsika mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu yapano kupita kumunsi kwa mitsinje, komwe zimakula ndikukula. Pambuyo pa zaka 10 za moyo, anthu amakhala okonzeka kuswana, pamene akazi amakhwima ngakhale pambuyo pake. Monga lamulo, anthu ali okonzeka kubereka ngati kulemera kwawo kuli pafupifupi kilogalamu. Panthawiyi n’kuti nsomba zomwe zili pachiwopsezo kwambiri, choncho kusodza kwake kumayendetsedwa ndi malamulo, makamaka pokhudzana ndi zakupha, zomwe posachedwapa zakhala zoopsa kwambiri.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nsomba zamasewera zachisanu zimaloledwa pokhapokha ngati nsombazo zidzatulutsidwa.

Adani achilengedwe

Kuthengo, ngakhale nsombazi zili ndi adani, sizikhoza kuwononga kwambiri anthu a muksun. Mdani wamkulu ndi munthu yemwe saganizira zam'tsogolo ndikugwira nsomba zamtengo wapatali mosasunthika, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa anthu ake. Ngakhale kale, anthu omwe ankapha nsomba izi ankatchedwa muksunniks, chifukwa kwa zaka mazana ambiri kugwira muksun kunabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa mabanja awo.

M’nthaŵi yathu, pamene kusodzako kumalamuliridwa mogwirizana ndi malamulo, sikungathekenso kupeza mitembo ya nsomba zitamwazika pa ayezi, zitasiyidwa mofulumira ndi opha nyama popanda chilolezo. Choncho, pali chiyembekezo cha kubwezeretsedwa kwa chiwerengero cha nsomba zamtengo wapatali kwambiri.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi mitundu

Chifukwa chakuti nyama ya nsomba iyi ndi yokoma komanso yamtengo wapatali, kugwidwa kosalamulirika kwa anthu kumachitika. Chotsatira chake n’chakuti m’madera amene kale nsombazi zinali zambiri, nsombazi zilibenso masiku ano.

Ndikofunika kudziwa! Nsomba za Muksun ndi zamtundu wamalonda. M’mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Ob, chiwerengero cha nsombazi chikuchepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusodza kosalamulirika. Mkhalidwe wofananawo umawonedwa m’malo ena, pakamwa pa mitsinje ina, kumene kale kunali nsomba zambiri.

Panthawi yobereketsa, nsomba imeneyi imakhala yopanda chitetezo. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, opha nsomba nthaŵi zonse amadziŵa nthaŵi ndi malo amene nsombayi imadutsa ndipo amaigwira popita kumtunda kwa mitsinje. Zotsatira zake, nsomba zopenga zimawonedwa, zomwe zimawononga kwambiri anthu. Pankhani imeneyi, ogwira ntchito yoyang’anira nsomba amayesetsa kuperekeza nsomba m’njira yonse imene zikuyenda n’cholinga choti zitetezedwe kwa anthu opha nsomba molusa.

Mtengo wa nsomba

Nsomba za Muksun zimatengedwa kuti ndizopadera chifukwa cha nyama yake. Amakhulupirira kuti nsomba imeneyi ndi chakudya chenicheni. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mosasamala kanthu za malo ogwidwa kapena kuzizira kwa nthawi yaitali, nyamayo sitaya kukoma kwake koona, komwe sikungafanane ndi china chilichonse. Kununkhira kwa nyama kumakumbutsa kununkhira kwa nkhaka zomwe zangodulidwa kumene. Kuphatikiza pa kukoma, nyama ya whitefish ili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Chifukwa chake, kufunikira kwa nsombayi ndikwambiri, zomwe zimatsogolera ku nsomba zambiri.

Pa mashelufu a nsomba za 1 kg ya nsomba muyenera kulipira ma ruble 700, ndipo izi sizikuphatikiza ndalama zoperekera.

Zosangalatsa kudziwa! M'nthawi yathu ino, muksun imabzalidwa mwachangu m'malo opangira ndipo imaperekedwa ku mashelufu.

Amakhulupirira kuti nyama ya nsomba ya muksun ilibe tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, choncho nsomba imatha kudyedwa ngakhale yaiwisi. M'malo mwake, muyenera kuganiza mozama musanachite izi, chifukwa izi ndi zongoganiza chabe ndipo chiwopsezo chake sichoyenera apa.

Iwo m'pofunika kuchititsa nsomba nyama kutenthetsa mankhwala asanadye. Ikhoza kukhala yokazinga, yophika, yophika, etc. Mukhoza kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ngati mumaundana nsomba pa kutentha mpaka -40 madigiri. Panyumba, izi ndizosatheka kuchita. Pophika, muyenera kugula nsomba kuchokera kwa ogulitsa mosamala omwe nthawi zonse amayang'ana nsomba za majeremusi.

Zakudya zabwino

Nyama ya nsomba imeneyi imasungabe kukoma ngakhale itaundana kwambiri. Mphamvu yake yamagetsi ndi pafupifupi 89 kcal pa 100 magalamu azinthu. Zigawo zonse za nyama zimakhala zosavuta kufikako, choncho nyama imagayidwa pafupifupi 100 peresenti. Kukhalapo kwa arachidonic acid mu nyama kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera mphamvu kwa anthu omwe amachita zolemetsa zolemetsa pathupi. Zakudya za nsomba zimalimbikitsidwa makamaka kwa odwala komanso ofooka.

Nyama ya Muksun ndiyofanana kwambiri pazakudya komanso kapangidwe kake, poyerekeza ndi nyama ya nsomba zam'madzi, koma ilibe mchere wambiri kotero kuti ndiyololedwa kuigwiritsa ntchito ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso.

Amakhulupirira kuti nyama ya whitefish ndi mafuta, ngakhale mafutawa ndi athanzi ndipo samathandizira kuyika kwa cholesterol plaques m'zotengera. Nyama imakhala ndi vitamini PP yokwanira, komanso mchere wosowa.

Ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zitha kukonzedwa kuchokera ku muksun

Anthu am'deralo amaphika zakudya zosiyanasiyana, koma sugudai amadziwika kuti ndi otchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu aku Siberia. Ndipo kukonzekera mbale iyi ndi yosavuta. Kuti muchite izi, ingodulani nsombazo mzidutswa ndikuyendetsa zidutswa za mandimu. Pankhaniyi, mbaleyo iyenera kuwazidwa ndi mchere osati tsabola wambiri ndi anyezi. Kwinakwake, mu ola limodzi, mbaleyo yakonzeka kudya.

Muksun amapanga pie zabwino kwambiri. Kudzaza ma pie ndi nyama yaiwisi kapena yokazinga ya nsomba iyi. Muzochitika zonsezi, ma pie okoma amapezedwa.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale kuti anthu a ku Siberia amadya nsomba zosaphika, akatswiri amalangizabe chithandizo cha kutentha. Kudya nsomba zoziziritsa kukhosi, muyenera kukhala otsimikiza 100% kuti ilibe kachilomboka. Choncho, ndi bwino kusewera motetezeka kachiwiri ndikupempha kwa wogulitsa zikalata zoyenera zosonyeza kuti nsomba zadutsa mu ukhondo.

Popeza nyama ya muksun ili ndi kukoma kwapadera komanso fungo lapadera, sikoyenera kutengeka ndi zonunkhira ndi zokometsera pophika, kuti nsomba ikhalebe ndi kukoma kwake kwachilengedwe ndi fungo lake.

Nsombayi ndi yochuluka kwambiri moti sikuloledwa kuwonjezera mafuta kapena mafuta a masamba panthawi yophika. Ngakhale zitaphikidwa pa grill, sizidzakhala zouma.