(Osati)Mayeso a Ana: Momwe Mayeso Amasinthira Kaganizidwe ka Ana

Aliyense amakonda kuyesa mayeso, kulosera yankho lolondola, akulu ndi ana. Zowona, izi sizikugwira ntchito pakuyezetsa kusukulu. Kumene mtengo wa mfundo iliyonse ndi wokwera kwambiri, palibe nthawi yamasewera. Pakali pano, mayeso akhala mbali yofunika kwambiri ya moyo wa ana asukulu. Kuyambira chaka chino, mayeso omaliza a ophunzira a 4, omwe adayambitsidwa ndi Unduna wa Zamaphunziro, adawonjezedwa ku Mayeso a Unified State Examination ndi OGE, omwe ali kale ndi zaka zoposa khumi, ndipo adzachitidwanso mwanjira yoyesera.

Zotsatira zake sizinachedwe kubwera: m'masukulu ambiri, aphunzitsi amalemba ntchito zoyesa ndi ana kuyambira giredi yachiwiri. Ndipo kwa zaka 10 zikubwerazi, ana asukulu samagawana ndi zolemba za mayeso ndi mafomu, pomwe m'malo osankhidwa mwezi ndi mwezi amaphunzitsa kuyika nkhupakupa kapena mitanda.

Kodi njira yoyesera ya kaphunzitsidwe ndi kusanthula chidziŵitso imakhudza bwanji maganizo a mwanayo, mmene amaonera chidziŵitso? Tinafunsa akatswiri za izo.

Yankho lapezeka!

Pokhapokha, funso ili ndi la asukulu achiwiri ndipo pali yankho limodzi lolondola, lachitatu. Palibe zosankha. Sizikuphatikizapo kulingalira pa mutuwo: ndipo ngati maswiti, mwachitsanzo, okhala ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa kapena mitundu yopangira, kodi ndizomveka kuwapatsa ana? Kodi ndikofunikira kuchotsa maswiti ena ngati wobadwayo samawakonda kapena sadya konse? Chifukwa chiyani simukugawana maswiti onse nthawi imodzi?

Ntchito zoyeserera ngati izi, zotengedwa m'buku la "The World Around", sizikulolani kuti muganizire momwe zinthu zilili, kukhazikitsa ubale woyambitsa ndi zotsatira, ndikuphunzira kuganiza mozama. Ndipo mayeso oterowo akuwonekera mowonjezereka m’maphunziro asukulu.

"Mwana amene amachita ntchito zoterezi nthawi zambiri amasiya kuzigwirizanitsa ndi iyemwini, ndi moyo wake," akutero katswiri wa zamaganizo Svetlana Krivtsova. Amazolowera kuti munthu wina wamupatsa kale yankho lolondola. Zomwe zimafunikira kwa iye ndikukumbukira ndikuberekana moyenera.

"Kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndi mayeso kumaphunzitsa mwana kukhala ndi moyo wolimbikitsa, woyankha mafunso," katswiri wamaganizo Maria Falikman akuvomerezana ndi mnzakeyo. - Munjira zambiri, moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku umakhala wokonzeka. Koma posankha mode iyi, timatseka mwayi wopititsa patsogolo kuganiza mozama. Kuti muchite bwino muzochita zomwe muyenera kupitilira zomwe mwapatsidwa, muyezo. Koma kodi mwana, yemwe adazolowera kukhalapo mu dongosolo la mafunso okonzeka opangidwa ndi mayankho kuyambira kusukulu ya pulayimale, amapeza luso limeneli - kufunsa mafunso ndikuyang'ana mayankho atypical?

Magawo opanda lonse?

Mosiyana ndi mayeso a zaka zam'mbuyo, mayeso alibe mgwirizano womveka pakati pa ntchito. Amafuna kuti athe kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa data ndikusinthira mwachangu kuchokera pamutu kupita ku wina. M'lingaliro limeneli, dongosolo loyesera likuyambitsidwa pa nthawi yake: zofanana ndendende zimafunikanso kwa achinyamata pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zolankhulirana.

Rada Granovskaya, Dokotala wa Psychology anati: "Ana omwe anakulira m'nthawi yaukadaulo wapamwamba amayang'ana dziko mosiyanasiyana. "Maganizo awo sali otsatizana kapena malemba. Amazindikira zambiri pa mfundo ya kopanira. Kuganiza mozama kumakhudzanso achinyamata masiku ano.” Chotero mayesowo, nayenso, amaphunzitsa mwanayo kusinkhasinkha mwatsatanetsatane. Chisamaliro chake chimakhala chachifupi, chochepa, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti awerenge malemba aatali, kuti agwire ntchito zazikulu, zovuta.

Maria Falikman anati: “Mayeso aliwonse amakhala yankho la mafunso enaake. - Koma mayeso ndi mafunso ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono omwe amapangitsa chithunzicho kukhala chogawanika kwambiri. Ndibwino kwambiri ngati mwana akuphunzitsidwa physics, biology kapena Russian, ndiyeno mothandizidwa ndi mayeso amayesa momwe amachitira bwino phunzirolo. Koma mwana akaphunzitsidwa kwa chaka chonse kuti apambane mayeso a physics, palibe chitsimikizo chakuti adzamvetsa physics. Mwanjira ina, sindikuwona cholakwika chilichonse ndi mayeso ngati chida choyezera. Chachikulu ndichakuti sasintha maphunziro. Thermometer ndi yabwino akayeza kutentha, koma ndi yoyipa ngati mankhwala.

onani kusiyana kwake

Komabe, kungakhale kulakwa kunena kuti ntchito zonse mayeso mofanana yopapatiza chizimezime ndi kuphunzitsa mwanayo kuganiza m'njira yosavuta, kuthetsa mtundu womwewo wa akutali ntchito, popanda interconnection ndi nkhani ya moyo wawo.

Alexander Shmelev, katswiri wa zamaganizo, pulofesa wa pa yunivesite ya Moscow State University, mkulu wa sayansi wa Center for Center for Sciences Alexander Shmelev anati: Humanitarian Technologies. “Zimakhala zobala. Ndiko kuti, timakumbukira yankho lomwe lapangidwa kale (timakumbukira) kuposa momwe timayesera kupeza, "kuyambitsa" njira yatsopano. Mayesero osavuta samaphatikizapo kufufuza, mfundo zomveka, kulingalira, potsiriza.

Komabe, mayeso a KIM amasintha kukhala abwino chaka ndi chaka. Masiku ano, mayeso a OGE ndi USE amaphatikizanso mafunso omwe amafunikira yankho laulere, kuthekera kogwira ntchito ndi magwero, kutanthauzira zowona, kufotokoza ndi kutsutsa malingaliro amunthu.

“Palibe cholakwika ndi ntchito zoyesa zovuta zotere,” akutero Alexander Shmelev, “m’malo mwake: pamene wophunzirayo amazithetsa, m’pamenenso chidziŵitso chake ndi kuganiza kwake (m’nkhani ino) kumachoka ku “kulengeza” (mwachidule ndi kanthanthi). mu "ntchito" (konkriti ndi zothandiza), ndiko kuti, chidziwitso chimasandulika kukhala luso - kutha kuthetsa mavuto.

Mantha chinthu

Koma njira yoyesera yowunikira chidziwitso idayambitsanso vuto lina lokhudzana ndi mavoti ndi zilango. "M'dziko lathu, mwambo woopsa wapangidwa kuti awunike ntchito za masukulu ndi aphunzitsi pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za Unified State Exam ndi OGE," anatero Vladimir Zagvozkin, wofufuza pa Center for Practical Psychology of Education pa Academy of Social. Utsogoleri. "Zikatero, mtengo wa cholakwika chilichonse ukakwera kwambiri, mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira amagwidwa ndi mantha akulephera, zimakhala zovuta kale kupeza chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo kuchokera kumaphunziro."

Koma ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamaphunziro apamwamba asukulu. Kuti mwana azikonda kuwerenga, kulingalira, kuphunzira kulankhula ndi kukangana, kuthetsa mavuto a masamu, kumva chidwi ndi sayansi ndi chikhalidwe, kukhulupirirana, malo otetezeka komanso malingaliro abwino pa zolakwika ndizofunikira.

Izi sizinthu zopanda pake: wasayansi wodziwika bwino wa New Zealand John Hattie adafika pamapeto osadziwika bwino, akufotokoza mwachidule zotsatira za maphunziro oposa 50 pazifukwa zomwe zimakhudza kupambana kwa maphunziro a ana, ndi makumi a mamiliyoni a ophunzira.

Makolo sangasinthe dongosolo la sukulu, koma angapangitse kuti panyumba pakhale mtendere wotero. “Sonyezani mwana wanu kuti moyo waukulu ndi wosangalatsa wa sayansi umatseguka popanda mayeso,” akulangiza motero Maria Falikman. - Mutengereni ku maphunziro otchuka, perekani mabuku ndi maphunziro a kanema a maphunziro omwe alipo lero pa phunziro lililonse la maphunziro komanso pamagulu osiyanasiyana ovuta. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukudziwitsa mwana wanu kuti zotsatira za mayeso sizili zofunika kwa inu monga momwe amamvetsetsa bwino za phunzirolo. Ngati kwa kholo palibe koma zotsatira zake, ndizotheka kuti izi zidzakhala chinthu chachikulu kwa mwanayo.

Kodi kukonzekera mayeso?

Malangizo ochokera kwa akatswiri athu

1. Muyenera kuzolowera kukhoza mayeso, kutanthauza kuti muyenera basi kuphunzitsa. Maphunziro amakupatsani lingaliro lachidziwitso chanu ndikumvetsetsa kuti mudzawonetsa zotsatira "pamlingo wanu" (kuphatikiza kapena kuchotsera 5-7%). Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi zonse padzakhala ntchito zomwe mungathetse, ngakhale mutakumana ndi ntchito zambiri zomwe simungathe kuzithetsa.

2. Choyamba, malizitsani ntchito zomwe zathetsedwa "popita." Ngati mukuganiza, dikirani, dumphani, pitirirani. Mukafika kumapeto kwa mayeso, bwererani ku ntchito zomwe sizinathetsedwe. Gawani nthawi yotsalayo ndi nambala yawo kuti mupeze kuchuluka kwa mphindi zomwe mungathe kuti muganizire za funso lililonse. Ngati palibe yankho, siyani funso ili ndikupitiriza. Njira iyi imakupatsani mwayi wotaya mfundo pazomwe simukuzidziwa, osati zomwe simunakhale nazo nthawi yoti mufike.

3. Pangani bwino mayankho omwe mayeso ambiri amapereka kuti musankhe. Nthawi zambiri mumangoganiza kuti ndi iti yolondola. Ngati mukungoganizira, koma simukudziwa, yang'anani njira iyi, ndiyabwino kuposa chilichonse. Ngakhale simukudziwa kalikonse, ikani china chake mwachisawawa, pali mwayi wogunda.

4. Siyani nthawi yoyang'ana ntchito: kodi mafomuwa adadzazidwa molondola, kusamutsidwa kujambulidwa, kodi mitanda imayikidwa motsutsana ndi mayankhowo?

5. Osagwiritsa ntchito zolemba zopangidwa kale zankhani kapena nkhani zochokera m'magulu. Choyamba, oyesa amawadziwa bwino. Kachiwiri, zolemba zomwe zilipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoipa komanso zachikale. Osayesa kusangalatsa oyesa ndi masomphenya anu owala komanso achilendo a mutuwo. Lembani mawu abwino, odekha. Ganizirani pasadakhale zosankha zake zoyambira ndi zomaliza, sonkhanitsani zambiri "zambiri" pamitu yosiyanasiyana. Atha kukhala mawu ogwira mtima, chithunzi chowoneka bwino, kapena mawu oyamba odekha avuto. Ngati muli ndi chiyambi chabwino ndi mapeto abwino, zina zonse ndi nkhani ya luso.

6. Pezani masamba omwe ali ndi mayeso abwino omwe amakupatsani mwayi wophunzitsa chidwi, kukumbukira, kulingalira, kulingalira - ndikusankha momwe zingathere. Mwachitsanzo, mayeso angapo osiyanasiyana amapezeka kwaulere"Club of testers of test technologies" (KITT).