Zamkatimu
Kufotokozera kwathunthu kwa matendawa
Oligophrenia ndi kuchedwetsa kukula kwa psyche kapena kukula kwake kosakwanira kwa chilengedwe chobadwa kapena chopezeka. Zimadziwonetsera ngati mawonekedwe akusokoneza maluso anzeru, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana zaubongo. Izi zimapangitsa wodwalayo kulephera kusintha pagulu.
Oligophrenia, monga lingaliro, adayambitsidwa koyamba ndi wamisala waku Germany Emil Kraepelin. Lingaliro la "kuchepa kwamaganizidwe" limawerengedwa kuti likufanana ndi mawu amakono akuti "kuchepa kwamaganizidwe". Koma, ndikofunikira kusiyanitsa pakati pamalingaliro awa. Kulephera kwamaganizidwe ndi lingaliro lotakata ndipo sikungophatikiza malingaliro okha, komanso kunyalanyaza maphunziro a mwana.
Oligophrenia imagawidwa malinga ndi mawonekedwe angapo.
Kutengera kuti ndinu mawonekedwe owopsa ndipo kuchuluka kwa matendawa, oligophrenia imagawidwa:
- kufooka ndiye misala;
- kusakhazikika - oligophrenia wolimba;
- idiocy - matendawa amatchulidwa kwambiri.
Gawoli ndi la chikhalidwe.
Kutengera zolakwika ndi zolakwika Maria Pevzner (wasayansi wa USSR, psychologist, psychiatrist, odziwika bwino wopunduka) adazindikira mitundu itatu yayikulu ya matendawa:
- 1 oligophrenia ya mtundu wosavuta;
- Oligophrenia ya 2, yovuta chifukwa cha zovuta zamitsempha ya wodwalayo (pamenepa, zolakwikazo zidawonekera m'mitundu itatu: poyambirira, chisangalalo chimaposa chopinga, chachiwiri, zonse zinali zosiyana ndi zoyambayo, ndipo chachitatu, kufooka kwakukulu kwa ntchito zazikulu zamanjenje ndi njira zake kudawonekera);
- Oligophrenia 3 yokhala ndi ma lobes oyenda bwino (osakwanira kutsogolo).
Magulu amakono azovuta za oligophrenia zimadalira mulingo wanzeru wa wodwalayo ndi ICD-10 (Gulu Lapadziko Lonse la Matenda a Kukonzanso kwa 10), madigiri 4 azovuta amaperekedwa:
- zosavuta: IQ yafika pamtengo pakati pa 50 ndi 70;
- moyenera kuchepa kwamaganizidwe: kuchuluka kwa luntha la mwana kuyambira 35 mpaka 50;
- lolemera: IQ ili pakati pa 20-35;
- kwambiri: IQ ya mwana wanu ndi yochepera 20.
Zifukwa za Oligophrenia
Amatha kukhala obadwa nawo kapena opezeka.
Kuti chibadwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amisala ndi monga: kukula kwachilendo kwa ma chromosomes, kusokonezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito am'magawo amtundu kapena majini, masinthidwe a x chromosome.
Kuti mupeze zifukwa zimaphatikizapo: kuwonongeka kwa mwana wosabadwa m'mimba mwa ma radiation, ma radiation kapena matenda, kubereka msanga (mwana wosakhwima), kuvulala, ubongo hypoxia, kuvulala kwamutu kwakukulu, matenda opatsirana am'mbuyomu omwe amakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje, kulera koyambirira zaka za moyo wa mwana (nthawi zambiri ana omwe amakulira m'mabanja omwe ali pamavuto).
Dementia mwa mwana amathanso kukhala ndi chidziwitso chodziwika bwino.
Zizindikiro za oligophrenia
Amasiyana kwambiri komanso amakhala osiyanasiyana. Izi zonse zimatengera kuopsa kwake ndi chifukwa cha matenda. Kufotokozera mwachidule zizindikilo zonse, atha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu.
- Kuchita misala kumakhudza osati kungodziwa chabe, komanso kukula kwa mwana monga munthu wathunthu. Ndiye kuti, mwana wotereyu amakhala ndi nkhawa, malingaliro, luso lamagalimoto, luntha, kulingalira, kulankhula ndi kufuna, kukumbukira bwino (pakhoza kukhala kusiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo: ma oligophrenics ena amakumbukira manambala bwino - manambala a foni, masiku kapena mayina oyamba ndi omaliza );
- 2 oligophrenic alibe luso logawika bwino komanso kulongosola bwino, kulibe lingaliro lodziwikiratu, ndikosasunthika, konkriti.
Zolankhula za wodwalayo ndizosaphunzira, zovuta m'mawu ndi m'mawu, palibe zoyeserera, palibe zowonera zenizeni, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zamtopola, sizingathetse mavuto wamba. Ali mwana, pafupifupi ana onse amadwala pakumwa. Zovuta pakukula kwakuthupi zimadziwikanso.
Mawonetseredwe onse amatengera kukula kwa matendawa.
Zothandiza za oligophrenia
Pofuna kulimbikitsa kagayidwe kazakudya, odwala omwe ali ndi oligophrenia amafunika kudya zakudya zambiri zomwe zili ndi vitamini B. Ganizirani zamasamba ndi zipatso, zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa iwo (timadziti, mbatata yosenda, odzola).
Amayi apakati amafunikira zakudya zokwanira ndikudya zofunikira zonse zazikuluzikulu, michere yamchere, mapuloteni, chakudya ndi mavitamini. Zakudya zoyenera zimathandiza kuthetsa mwayi wobereka mwana asanakwane ndipo, chifukwa cha chitetezo chokwanira, amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda olowa m'thupi.
Mankhwala achikhalidwe a oligophrenia
Ndi oligophrenia, chithandizo chofunikira chimaperekedwa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala potengera zotsatira za matenda, zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Nootropics, tranquilizers, antipsychotic, mankhwala okhala ndi ayodini kapena mahomoni (ngati oligophrenia imalumikizidwa ndi zovuta m'matumbo a chithokomiro) kapena mankhwala okhawo a phenylpyruvic oligophrenia atha kuperekedwa.
M'malo mochita mankhwala a nootropic, mankhwala azikhalidwe amagwiritsa ntchito msuzi wa mandimu, ginseng ndi msuzi wa aloe. Musanayambe kuwamwa, nkofunika kuti mufunse dokotala. Kupanda kutero, ndi mlingo wolakwika ndikugwiritsa ntchito, wodwalayo amatha kudwala matenda amisala kapena kupsa mtima komanso kukwiya. Izi ndichifukwa choti zomerazi zimayambitsa ubongo.
Zowopsa komanso zovulaza za oligophrenia
Ndi phenylpyruvic oligophrenia (phenylalanine metabolism yasokonekera), odwala amachotsedwa pazakudya zama protein achilengedwe (izi zimaphatikizapo zinthu zanyama: nsomba, nsomba, nyama, kuphatikiza mkaka). Izi zili choncho chifukwa zakudya zimenezi zili ndi phenylalanine. Zakudya izi ziyenera kutsatiridwa mpaka unyamata.
Kwa mtundu uliwonse wa oligophrenia, m'pofunika kuti musagwiritse ntchito zakudya zonse zopanda moyo. Zimakhudza ntchito zonse za thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kulera ana kukhala kovuta kwambiri ndikupangitsa mavuto azaumoyo mosafunikira. Zowonjezera mu chakudya chopanda thanzi zimachedwetsa njira zonse zamagetsi, zimakulitsa magazi, omwe amachititsa magazi kuundana ndikusokoneza kayendedwe ka magazi (izi ndizowopsa kwambiri magazi amayenda komanso kuchokera kuubongo).
Chenjerani!
Otsogolerawo sali ndi udindo uliwonse poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zaperekedwa, ndipo sizikutsimikizira kuti sizikukuvulazani. Zipangizozo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuperekera chithandizo chamankhwala ndikupanga matenda. Nthawi zonse muzifunsa dokotala wanu!