Posachedwapa, ana ovuta apatsidwa "chithunzi" chodziwika bwino - matenda otsutsa otsutsa. Katswiri wa zamaganizo Erina White akunena kuti izi sizili chabe "nkhani yowopsya" yamakono, yomwe ndi yabwino kufotokoza khalidwe lililonse lovuta. Matendawa amawopsyeza makolo ambiri ndipo amawapangitsa kusiya.
Monga momwe katswiri wa zamaganizo Erina White akunenera, m’zaka zaposachedwapa, makolo ambiri akuda nkhaŵa kuti mwana wawo ali ndi matenda otsutsa otsutsa (ODD). Bungwe la American Psychiatric Association limatanthauzira ODD ngati mkwiyo, kukwiya, kuumitsa, kubwezera, ndi kusamvera.
Nthawi zambiri, makolo amavomereza kuti mphunzitsi kapena dokotala wabanja adanena kuti mwana wawo akhoza kukhala ndi ODD, ndipo atawerenga malongosoledwewo pa intaneti, adapeza kuti zizindikiro zina zimagwirizana. Iwo ali osokonezeka komanso akuda nkhawa, ndipo zimenezi n’zomveka.
Chizindikiro cha OIA, cholembedwa ndi "ofunira zabwino", chimapangitsa amayi ndi abambo kuganiza kuti mwana wawo akudwala mowopsa, ndipo iwo eni ndi makolo opanda ntchito. Kuonjezera apo, kufufuza koyambirira kotereku kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumvetsa kumene chiwawacho chinachokera komanso momwe mungathetsere mavuto a khalidwe. Ndizoipa kwa aliyense: makolo ndi ana. Panthawiyi, OVR sichinthu choposa "nkhani yowopsya" yomwe ingagonjetsedwe.
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuchotsa tsankho la "manyazi". Kodi wina ananena kuti mwana wanu ali ndi ODD? Palibe kanthu. Aloleni iwo anene chirichonse ndipo ngakhale kuonedwa ngati akatswiri, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mwanayo ndi woipa. "M'zaka makumi awiri zakuchita, sindinakumanepo ndi ana oipa," akutero White. Ndipotu, ambiri a iwo amachita zinthu mwaukali kapena mwamwano nthaŵi ndi nthaŵi. Ndipo zonse zili bwino ndi inu, ndinu makolo abwinobwino. Zonse zikhala bwino - kwa inu komanso kwa mwana.
Gawo lachiwiri ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zikukuvutitsani. Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani - kusukulu kapena kunyumba? Mwina mwanayo amakana kumvera akuluakulu kapena amadana ndi anzake a m’kalasi. Zoonadi, khalidweli ndi lokhumudwitsa, ndipo simukufuna kuchita nawo, koma ndi lokonzeka.
Gawo lachitatu komanso lofunika kwambiri ndikuyankha "chifukwa chiyani?" funso. N’chifukwa chiyani mwanayo akuchita zimenezi? Zifukwa zazikulu zimapezeka pafupifupi ana onse.
Mwana akamakula, anthu amene anali ndi mwayi womuthandiza amayamba kumuopa.
Makolo omwe amaganizira za zochitika ndi zochitika zomwe zingayambitse khalidwe lochenjeza amatha kupeza chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kumvetsetsa kuti mwanayo amakhala wovuta kwambiri pamene tsiku la sukulu silinakhazikitsidwe. Mwina munthu wopezerera wina anamuvutitsa kwambiri kuposa masiku onse. Kapena sakusangalala chifukwa ana ena amawerenga bwino kuposa iye. Kusukulu, adayesetsa kukhala ndi nkhope yowongoka, koma atangobwerera kunyumba ndikupeza kuti ali pakati pa achibale ake, m'malo otetezeka, zowawa zonse zovuta zinatuluka. Kwenikweni, mwanayo akukumana ndi nkhawa kwambiri, koma sadziwa mmene kupirira izo.
Pali zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsidwa osati kwambiri ndi zomwe mwana wakumana nazo komanso zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira. Mwina amayi ndi abambo akusudzulana. Kapena agogo ako okondedwa anadwala. Kapena bambo wankhondo ndipo posachedwapa anatumizidwa kudziko lina. Awa ndi mavuto aakulu.
Ngati mavutowo ali okhudzana ndi mmodzi wa makolowo, angadzimve kukhala olakwa kapena kudziikira kumbuyo. “Nthawi zonse ndimakumbutsa anthu kuti nthawi ina iliyonse timachita zonse zomwe tingathe. Ngakhale vutoli silingathetsedwe nthawi yomweyo, kuzindikira kuti kumatanthauza kuchotsa chizindikiro chomata, kusiya kuyang'ana zizindikiro za matenda ndikuyamba kukonza khalidwe la ana, " psychotherapist ikutsindika.
Gawo lachinayi komanso lomaliza ndikubwerera kuzizindikiro zomwe zimachiritsika. Mungathandize mwana wanu kuti apirire vuto laukali mwa kumuphunzitsa kumvetsa mmene akumvera mumtima mwake. Kenaka pitirizani kugwira ntchito yodziletsa ndipo pang'onopang'ono muyambe kuzindikira zamaganizo ndi thupi. Kuti achite izi, pali masewera apadera apakanema, kusewera omwe ana amaphunzira kufulumira ndi kuchepetsa kugunda kwa mtima wawo. Mwanjira imeneyi, amamvetsetsa zomwe zimachitika mthupi pamene ziwawa zimatengera, ndipo amaphunzira kukhazikika. Njira iliyonse yomwe mungasankhe, chinsinsi cha kupambana ndi kulenga, kukhala wochezeka komanso wachifundo kwa mwanayo ndi kupirira kwanu.
Vutoli ndilosavuta kufotokoza chifukwa cha OVR. N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti matendawa amatha kuwononga moyo wa mwana. OVR poyamba. Kenako khalidwe lodana ndi anthu. Pamene mwanayo amakula, anthu amene anali ndi mwayi womuthandiza amayamba kumuopa. Zotsatira zake, anawa amapatsidwa chithandizo choopsa kwambiri: m'malo owongolera.
Zowopsa, mukuti? Tsoka ilo, izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri. Madokotala onse, aphunzitsi ndi madokotala ayenera kukulitsa malingaliro awo ndipo, kuwonjezera pa khalidwe loipa la mwanayo, aone malo omwe amakhala. Njira yokhazikika idzabweretsa zopindulitsa zambiri: ana, makolo ndi anthu onse.
Za Wolemba: Erina White ndi katswiri wazamisala ku Boston Children's Hospital, internist, ndi Master of Public Health.