Ma ovarian follicles ndi mapangidwe omwe amakhala mkati mwa thumba losunga mazira ndipo amakhudzidwa ndi ovulation.

Udindo. Ma follicles a ovarian amakhala m'chigawo cha cortical cha thumba losunga mazira. Ziwiri mwachiwerengero, dzira lachikazi kapena gonads ndi tiziwalo timene timapezeka m'chiuno chaching'ono, kumbuyo kwa chiberekero1. Amalumikizananso ndi machubu a fallopian, omwe m'mphepete mwake m'mphepete mwake amapanga khonde. Ovoid mu mawonekedwe ndi 3 mpaka 4 cm kutalika, thumba losunga mazira limapangidwa ndi magawo awiri:

• Pamphepete mwa ovary ndi cortical zone, kumene ma ovarian follicles ali;
• Pakatikati pa ovary pali malo a msana, omwe amapangidwa ndi minofu yolumikizana ndi mitsempha ya magazi.

kapangidwe. Mtundu uliwonse wa ovarian uli ndi oocyte, womwe udzakhala ovum. Mapangidwe a dzira la ovarian amasiyana malinga ndi msinkhu wawo (2) (3):

1. Follicle yoyambirira: Imatanthawuza follicle ya ovarian yomwe kukhwima kwake sikunayambe. Mtundu uwu wa follicle umafanana ndi womwe umapezeka makamaka m'dera la cortical.
2. Follicle yoyamba: Imafanana ndi gawo loyamba la kukhwima kwa follicle komwe oocyte ndi maselo ozungulira amakula.
3. Sekondale follicle: Pa nthawiyi, zigawo zingapo za epithelium zimapanga kuzungulira oocyte. Yotsirizirayo ikupitirizabe kukula. Ma cell a follicular amatenga dzina la ma cell a granular.
4. Kukula kwachiwiri kwachiwiri: Ma cell angapo amapangidwa mozungulira follicle, kupanga follicular theca. Panthawi imeneyi, oocyte imatulutsa chinthu chomwe chimapanga nembanemba wandiweyani, zomwe ndi zona pellucida. A madzi translucent komanso amasonkhanitsa pakati granular maselo.
5. Kukula kwa ovarian follicle kapena De Graaf's follicle: Madzi omwe amasonkhana pakati pa maselo a granular amasonkhana pamodzi ndikupanga phokoso, follicular antrum. Pamene ikupitiriza kudzaza ndi madzimadzi, mphunoyo imakula mpaka kulekanitsa oocyte yozunguliridwa ndi kapisozi yake ya cell, yotchedwa corona radiata. Pamene follicle kufika miyeso yake pazipita, ndi wokonzeka ovulation.
6. Corpus luteum: Panthawi ya ovulation, oocyte imatulutsidwa pamene follicle ikugwa. Maselo a granular amachulukana kuti adzaze malo osiyidwa ndi oocyte. Maselo amenewa amasintha n’kukhala maselo a luteal, zomwe zimachititsa kuti pakhale kachigawo kakang’ono kamene kamatchedwa corpus luteum. Yotsirizirayi imakhala ndi ntchito ya endocrine mwa kupanga makamaka progesterone, timadzi timene timakhudzidwa ndi umuna wa dzira.
7. Thupi loyera: Gawo lomalizali likufanana ndi kuwonongeka kwathunthu kwa follicle.

Kukhalitsa kwa masiku 28, kuzungulira kwa ovarian kumatanthawuza zochitika zonse zomwe zimalola kukhwima kwa dzira mkati mwa ovary. Zochitikazi zimayendetsedwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana za mahomoni ndipo zimagawidwa m'magawo awiri (2) (3):

• Gawo lotsatira. Zimachitika kuyambira 1 mpaka 14 tsiku la ovarian ndipo zimatha pa nthawi ya ovulation. Panthawi imeneyi, ma follicle angapo oyambirira a ovarian amayamba kukhwima. Imodzi yokha mwa ma ovarian follicles imafika pa siteji ya De Graaf follicle ndipo imagwirizana ndi follicle yomwe imayambitsa kuthamangitsidwa kwa oocyte panthawi ya ovulation.
• Gawo luteal. Zimachitika kuyambira 14 mpaka 28 tsiku la kuzungulira ndipo zimagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa follicle. Panthawi imeneyi, ma ovarian follicles amasintha kukhala matupi achikasu kenako oyera.

Khansara ya ovarian. Zotupa zowopsa (khansa) kapena zowopsa (zopanda khansa) zimatha kuwoneka mu ovary, pomwe ma ovarian follicles ali (4). Zizindikiro zingaphatikizepo kusapeza bwino m'chiuno, mavuto a msambo kapena kupweteka.

Ovarian Cyst. Zimafanana ndi kukula kwa thumba kunja kapena mkati mwa ovary. Mapangidwe a ovarian chotupa amasinthasintha. Magulu awiri a cysts amasiyanitsidwa:

• Ma cysts omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri amakhazikika zokha (1).
• Organic cysts amafunika kusamalidwa chifukwa angayambitse kusapeza bwino, kupweteka, komanso nthawi zina kukula kwa maselo a khansa.

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe amapezeka komanso kusinthika kwake, njira yochitira opaleshoni imatha kuchitidwa ngati opaleshoni ya laparoscopic nthawi zina za cysts zam'mimba.

mankhwala amphamvu. Malinga ndi mtundu ndi siteji ya khansa, chithandizo cha chotupa akhoza limodzi ndi mankhwala amphamvu.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi. Choyamba, kafukufuku wachipatala amachitidwa kuti azindikire ndikuwunika zizindikiro zomwe wodwalayo amaziwona.

Kuyesa kuyerekezera kwachipatala. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe akuganiziridwa kapena otsimikiziridwa, kuyezetsa kowonjezera kumatha kuchitidwa monga ultrasound kapena x-ray.

Laparoscopy. Kuyeza uku ndi njira ya endoscopic yolola kulowa m'mimba, popanda kutsegula khoma lamimba.

Kufufuza kwachilengedwe. Kuyeza magazi kungathe kuchitidwa kuti azindikire, mwachitsanzo, zizindikiro zina za chotupa.

Poyambirira, thumba losunga mazira linkangotchula ziwalo zomwe mazira amapangidwa mu nyama za oviparous, choncho chiyambi cha Latin etymological: dzira, dzira. Mawu akuti ovary ndiye adaperekedwa mofananiza ndi ma gonads achikazi mu nyama za viviparous, zomwe zimatchedwa ma testes achikazi (5).