Mtedza - Kufotokozera za mtedza. Zaumoyo ndi zovulaza

Kufotokozera Mtedza

Mtedza ndi chomera chachifupi chofiyira cha banja la legume, chomwe chimakula m'maiko omwe kuli nyengo yotentha komanso yachinyezi. Maluwa a chiponde pa peduncle yayitali amatuluka kuchokera ku axil patsamba la petiole lomwe lili pamtengo. Maluwa achikasu achikasu amangophuka tsiku limodzi.

Pambuyo pa pollination, ovary amapangidwa, ndipo kutalika kwa peduncle kumayamba kutsika pang'onopang'ono. Ovary ya chipatso chamtsogolo imafika m'nthaka ndikudziyika yokha pansi. Kumeneko, chiponde chimacha.

Chiponde chimakhalanso ndi maluwa ena - mobisa, ang'ono, pamwamba pazu waukulu. Kudzipukutira kumachitikanso mobisa. Zipatso za mtedza zimatulukanso kuchokera kumaluwa obisika pansi pa masentimita 10-20. Amakhala ofanana ndi nyemba za nsawawa zakuda, zofiirira. Mkati mwake muli nthanga zachikaso zingapo zokutidwa ndi khungu lofiirira kapena pinki.

Kodi iwo mtedza?

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti, mtedza si mtedza koma nyemba, koma akatswiri azakudya nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza mfundo izi chifukwa cha zakudya zomwezo. Wina amadandaula za ziwengo za chiponde. Wina akunena kuti kumwa mtedza kapena batala wamtendere kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha mtima ndipo kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusintha kwa ma fibrotic kuyambitsa khansa.

Kapangidwe kake ndi kalori wamtendere

Mtedza uli ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri monga: vitamini B1 - 49.3%, vitamini B5 - 35.3%, vitamini B6 - 17.4%, vitamini B9 - 60%, vitamini E - 67.3%, vitamini H - 35%, vitamini PP - 94.5 %, potaziyamu - 26.3%, silicon - 266.7%, magnesium - 45.5%, phosphorus - 43.8%, chitsulo - 27.8%, cobalt - 67, 5%, manganese - 96.7%, mkuwa - 114.4%, molybdenum - 16.6%, selenium - 13.1%, chromium - 19.4%, zinc - 27.3%

Mtedza uli ndi ma calories ambiri (550 kcal pa 100 g), koma mtedza umatha kufulumizitsa kagayidwe kake, ndipo thupi silimatha kuyamwa kwathunthu, ndiye kuti mtedza wochuluka wowonjezeredwa pachakudyacho sungapweteke m'chiuno.

• Mapuloteni 26 g
• Mafuta 52 g
• Zakudya 13.4 g

Kugwiritsa ntchito chiponde

Chakudya chosavuta komanso chokoma cha mtedza (ochepa patsiku) chimatha kutalikitsa moyo zaka ziwiri zathunthu!

Mtedza wokha ndi wabwino ngati chotukuka. Wokazinga ndi mchere kapena chili, nthawi zambiri imawonekera pamagome omenyera pamaso pa omwera. Chilichonse chikuwonekeratu apa: mchere umapangitsa chidwi chofuna kumwa kwambiri, ndipo mukakhala ndi chotupitsa chaulere mumayitanitsa zakumwa zambiri kuposa momwe mumayembekezera.

Ku India, mtedzawu ndi wokazinga kumpoto ndikuphika kumwera. Amaphika osakaniza ndi zonunkhira za ku Sichuan ku China, ndipo ku United States, mtedza wophika ndi chotukuka chotchuka kumayiko akumwera. Kuno, mtedza umakonda kutchetcha chiponde ndi batala, pomwe popanda chakudya cham'mawa chimatha.

Ku Indonesia, masaladi achikhalidwe amakhala ndi msuzi wa chiponde; Ponena za Mali ndi Zambia, ndiwo zamasamba ndi nkhuku yokazinga zimathiridwa mafuta a chiponde osakanizidwa ndi anyezi ndi adyo; tili ku Mauritius, mwachizolowezi kupaka utoto wokazinga wa pinki ngati chizindikiro cha moyo wabwino; ku Mali, amawonjezeranso kalulu wokazinga.

Ku Vietnam, mtedza wokazinga wokazinga nthawi zambiri umaperekedwa ndi msuzi wa pho. Padziko lonse lapansi, mtedza ndiwotchuka popanga maswiti ndi msuzi, momwe amapangira kununkhira kwawo kambiri komanso kukoma kodziwika.

Momwe mungasankhire ndikusunga

Kusankha mtedza woyenera ndikofunikira kuti musangalale ndi kukoma kwawo kokoma ndikupindulitsani. Chifukwa chake, lero, mtedza nthawi zambiri umakhala m'matumba.

Gulani mtedza m'malo okhala ndi zosintha mwachangu; Poterepa, mutha kukhala otsimikiza za kutsitsika kwa malonda. Ndikofunika, mosasamala kanthu kuti mumagula mtedza ndi kulemera kapena phukusi, kuti chinyezi chikhale chochepa komanso kuti pasakhale zinyalala ndi tizilombo mtedzawo.

Mukamagula mtedza wathunthu m'chigoba, tengani mtedzawo m'manja, uyenera kukhala wolemetsa ndi wowuma mukamagwedezeka. Tayang'anani pa peel, iyenera kukhala yolimba popanda kuwonongeka kapena mabala.

Sungani mtedza mu chidebe chosindikizidwa mufiriji kapena mufiriji, chifukwa kutentha ndi kuwala kumathandizira kuti mtedzawo ukhale wosalala. M'firiji, mtedza umasungabe ogula kwa miyezi itatu, komanso mufiriji kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Mtedza woswedwa ndi wabwino kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Ngati mtedzawo uli m'matumbawo, uwaike m'thumba kapena chidebe pamalo ozizira kapena mufiriji. M'dziko lino, nthawi yayitali ndi miyezi 9.

Ubwino wa Mtedza

Mtedza wopindulitsawo uli ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Ndiwo antioxidant achilengedwe abwino kwambiri. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito ngati njira yothanirana ndi mavuto amtima ndi mitsempha. Ndikumwa pafupipafupi, chiopsezo cha zotupa zimatsika, ndipo mtedza umakhala ndi zovuta zotsutsana ndi ukalamba.

Madokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mtedza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi gastritis, zilonda zam'mimba, komanso mavuto osiyanasiyana amanjenje. Ndi kumwa pafupipafupi, mutha kulimbitsa kwambiri chitetezo cha mthupi, kusintha kumva, kukumbukira ndi chidwi.

Mtedzawu umakhala ndi michere yambiri, yomwe imachotsa poizoni m'matumbo, zomwe zimathandizira kuyika magwiridwe antchito am'mimba kwathunthu.

Zitsulo zili bwino ndondomeko hematopoiesis ndi zikuchokera magazi. Mapangidwe a chiponde amaphatikizapo potaziyamu, yomwe imathandizira pamachitidwe a mtima, ndi magnesium, mchere wofunikira pantchito yamitsempha ya mtima. Mowirikiza, chiponde chimakhala ndi phosphorous ndi calcium - mchere omwe amalimbitsa mafupa.

Mtedza uli ndi choleretic effect, womwe umapindulitsa kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zilonda zam'mimba, gastritis, ndi mavuto a hematopoiesis. Palinso folic acid mu mtedza, womwe umafunikira makamaka kwa amayi apakati, komanso umathandizira kukonzanso maselo.

Matenda a shuga

Kwa matenda a shuga, kudya mtedza kumapindulitsa pang'ono. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zimatha kuthana ndi zolembera za cholesterol ndikufulumizitsa kagayidwe kake. Pakali pano muyenera kudziwa kuti mankhwalawa amafunika kuthandizidwa ndi kutentha ndipo alibe zinthu zina zakunja, mwachitsanzo, shuga kapena mchere?

Mtedza wosaphika umapindulitsanso odwala matenda ashuga, koma wina ayenera kulingalira kuti mankhwalawa amatenga nthawi yayitali kuti agayike ndipo sadzaza kwenikweni. Mukufuna kudya mtedza wambiri, koma sizothandiza. Pambuyo pa kugwiritsira ntchito mopitilira muyeso kumatsata kunenepa, komwe kumabwera mosavuta kwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda obisalayi chifukwa chakuyipa kwama metabolism.

Pakudya pang'ono pochepetsa thupi

Mukatsata zakudya kuti muchepetse thupi, kugwiritsa ntchito chiponde sikungakhale kosazolowereka. Njira yokhayo yodyetsera zakudya ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi yomwe tafotokozayi.

Chiponde chochepetsa thupi ndi chabwino kukhutitsa thupi ndi zinthu zofunikira ndikuchepetsa njala ya nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Muyenera kudziwa muyeso wokha pankhaniyi: ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito mbewu zosapitilira khumi ndi zisanu patsiku, zomwe zili pafupifupi magalamu makumi asanu a mtedza. Potengera chakudya chawo, mtedza ndi wofanana ndi nyama, choncho ndi bwino kuwadya m'mawa.

Zakudya zopatsa mafuta ndizokwera kwambiri, komanso kukhathamira kwake ndi mchere ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana. Zida zofunikirazi zimatha kuwotcha, chifukwa chake ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito maso osaphika. Chogwiritsidwa ntchito chitha kukhala chabwino ngati chokoma chodziyimira pawokha komanso pokonza masaladi, komanso zowonjezera mu muesli kapena phala.

Mtedza wa thanzi la amayi

Mtedza ndiwothandiza kwambiri paumoyo wa amayi. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ili ndi mafuta ndi ulusi wambiri, womwe ukamadyedwa, umathandiza pakhungu ndi tsitsi ndipo umathandizira kuthana ndi ziwalo za m'mimba mosavuta momwe zingathere. Ngakhale kusadya mtedza nthawi zonse ndikwabwino. Muyenera kumvetsera mwatcheru pankhaniyi mpaka nthawi ya moyo wa mayi monga kunyamula ndi kuyamwitsa mwana. Tikambirana motere.

Pakati pa mimba

Mukakhala ndi pakati, mwachitsanzo, kudya mtedza ndiosafunikira. Mtsutso woyamba wokomera mawu awa ndiwu: chakudya cholemera, monga maso a chiponde, chimakhudza mkhalidwe wam'mimba wa mayi woyembekezera, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kusanza ndi kudzimbidwa.

Mtsutso wina womwe sungavomereze kudya chiponde panthawi yoyembekezera ndi kuchuluka kwa asidi wa erucic mumalonda, omwe amatha kukulitsa kamvekedwe ka chiberekero ndikubweretsa zovuta, kufikira kuchipatala.

Mtsutso womaliza wotsutsana ndi kudya mtedza mwa amayi apakati ndiwotheka kuipitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pakudya maso a chiponde chofiira.

Mukamayamwitsa

Kudya mtedza kulinso kosafunika mukamayamwitsa. Maso a chiponde ndi mankhwala osakanikirana kwambiri; Kuphatikiza apo, pochita chithandizo chamakampani, amatha kukumana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza mkaka wa amayi.

Si chinsinsi kuti opanga nthawi zambiri amabisa njere zomwe zawunda ngati chinthu chabwino pokazinga. Kutentha ndi zoteteza komanso zonunkhiritsa, komanso zowonjezera kukoma zimatha kupha fungo ndi kukoma kwa bowa. Komabe, n’zosatheka kuchotsa zinyalala mu mtedza m’njira zimenezi. Choncho, mu nthawi zovuta kwambiri za moyo wa amayi, kugwiritsa ntchito mtedza ndikosayenera.

Kwa akazi azaka zopitilira 50

Chifukwa chakuti mtedza kumathandiza thupi la mkazi kukhazikika m`thupi maziko, tikulimbikitsidwa pa kusintha kwa thupi. The mankhwala facilitates mawonetseredwe ake, bwino kukhala bwino.Mtedza kuthandiza kuthetsa mavuto amanjenje, kuchotsa irritability, kusowa tulo ndi mphwayi, zimathandiza kuti kukonzanso kwa thupi pa mlingo ma ndi kusunga unyamata.

Ubwino wa mtedza kwa amuna

Ubwino wodya chiponde mu zakudya za amuna ndi chifukwa chakupezeka kwa chinthu chofunikira monga biotin mu mtima. Izi zimathandiza kuthana ndi vuto lakutha kwa tsitsi. Zochita zake zimakonda makamaka kuyimitsa mahomoni.

Mwa kudya maso okazinga a chiponde, amuna amatha kupewa matenda otupa am'mimba, monga prostate adenoma, komanso amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kusabereka kapena kuchepa kwa mphamvu. Imodzi mwa njira zodziwika bwino zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuti mupeze zomwe mukufuna ndikutenga zakumwa zautali kwa nthawi yayitali usiku, zomwe zimakhala ndi supuni imodzi ya maso a chiponde osakanizidwa ndi supuni imodzi ya uchi wa njuchi.

Kwa abambo omwe akugwira ntchito yakalavulagaga kapena kusewera masewera, kugwiritsa ntchito chiponde kumabweretsanso maubwino amtengo wapatali, chifukwa zochepa zazogulitsazo zitha kuthandiza kubwezeretsa mphamvu ndikukhalitsa thupi lathu mphindi zochepa.

Pambuyo pophunzira zolimbitsa thupi ku malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, mtedza wambiri ndi theka la nthochi zimakuthandizani kuti mubwezeretse kuyenda kwa minofu. Ndi chifukwa cha izi kuti simudzamva kupweteka tsiku lotsatira.

Chikhalidwe cha mtedza tsiku lililonse

Zakudya zamtendere tsiku ndi tsiku zimadalira munthu aliyense. Zimatengera zinthu zambiri (thanzi labwino, kupezeka kwa matenda osachiritsika, kuchuluka kwa njira zamagetsi mthupi, ndi zina zambiri). Komabe, makamaka akatswiri azakudya amalangiza kuti asamadye kupitirira magalamu makumi asanu azimayi komanso magalamu pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu asanu a mtedza.

Komabe, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa munthawi ndi nthawi. Kudya mtedza pafupipafupi kumatha kusokoneza chimbudzi ndipo kumayambitsa chifuwa cha mankhwalawa. Ndipo koposa zonse, ngati simudya mtedzawu kuti mukwaniritse njala ngati chakudya chodziyimira pawokha.

Kodi mungadye bwanji mtedza patsiku

- Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse, akuluakulu sayenera kudya magalamu a 20 patsiku, ana osapitirira zaka 10 ayenera kupatsidwa zosaposa 4-5 mtedza patsiku, achinyamata - osapitirira 8, - dokotala anafotokoza.

Mtedza - Kugwiritsa ntchito kuphika

Mtedza ndiwotchuka pophika, makamaka zakudya zaku Asia. Mtedza wodulidwa ndi gawo la msuzi, saladi, zokhwasula-khwasula, ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi nyama. Mtedza ndiwotchuka kwambiri mu zokometsera, chifukwa ndi gawo la maphikidwe a makeke, masikono, chokoleti, pasitala, ndi zina zotero. zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi njira yabwino yodyera chiponde ndi iti?

Kodi njira yabwino yodyera chiponde ndi iti? Simungathe kudya pagulu lopanda kanthu m'malo momangodya?. Yankho lake ndi: muyenera kudya chiponde ngati gawo la mbale zazikulu ndi maswiti. Ophika amakono amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pokonzekera zakudya ndi ndiwo zochuluka mchere, monga:

Mutha kupanga batala wa chiponde kuchokera ku chiponde, chomwe chingakhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amatsata moyo wokangalika kapena omwe akumenyera nkhondo mapaundi owonjezera. Muphunzira kuphika chinthu chapadera kuchokera pamaphunziro apakanema pansipa.

Kuvala chiponde

Mtedza ndiwonso wabwino kupanga mitundu yonse yazakudya (osati zotero) masaladi, komanso ma sauci osiyanasiyana. Muphunzira za chinthu chimodzi pansipa. Ndibwino kuvala masaladi komanso nyama yoyenda. Koposa zonse ndikuwedza nkhuku yaying'ono.
Kuti mukonzekere, muyenera kusakaniza:

• supuni ziwiri za batala;
• supuni ziwiri za viniga wosasa;
• ma clove awiri a adyo;
• supuni zitatu za maolivi;
• supuni zitatu za mandimu;
• supuni imodzi ya mpiru wa Dijon;
• mchere wambiri.

Muyenera kuvala nkhuku ndi izi ndikuisiya kuti ilowerere mufiriji usiku wonse. Pambuyo pake, mutha kuphika, kukazinga, kapena kungokazinga nyama mu poto. Mpunga wophika umatha kukhala mbale yabwino pambali ya mbale yotere.

Momwe mungatsegule mwachangu ndikuyeretsa mtedza?

Muphunzira momwe mungatsegulire mwachangu mtedzawu m'chigawo chino. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tiyambe ndikutsegula, kapena kani, kuchotsa peel. Palibe chovuta pankhaniyi chifukwa chipolopolo cha chiponde sichimakwana bwino ndi njere. Ndikokwanira kusinkhasinkha khama mwachangu - ndipo ikuphwanyika m'manja mwanu.

Chomwe chatsalira ndikutulutsa mbewuzo. Kuti muyere mtedza wambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chinyengo ichi: kufalitsa mtedza pamalo athyathyathya, ndikuyika bolodi pamwamba. Kenaka kanikizani bolodi pansi patebulo. Peel idzagawanika, ndipo mutha kuchotsa mtedza mosavuta.

Koma ndi ma nucleoli omwewo, okutidwa ndi khungu lolimba komanso lowawa, muyenera kumangoganiza pang'ono. Ambiri sagula mtedza wambiri chifukwa safuna kuwasenda kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma kwa iwo omwe amadziwa zinsinsi za kuyeretsa, izi sizovuta. Tilinso ndi zinsinsi izi ndipo timagawana nawo mosangalala.

Njira yoyamba ili ndi zotsatirazi:

• Fryani maso a chiponde chimodzi.
• Konzani mtedza pa thaulo thonje.
• Sonkhanitsani m'mphepete mwa chopukutacho mu mfundo, kenako gwirani pang'ono "thumba" ndi manja anu.
• Ikani thaulo patebulo, tsegulani mosamala mfundoyi, ndikusankha mtedza woyera.

Bwerezani ntchitoyi ndi mtedza wotsalira kuchokera pagawo lachitatu.
Njira yachiwiri yoyeretsera njereyi ndi yofanana ndi yoyamba, kupatula kuti mmalo mwa thumba la nsalu, gwiritsani ukonde wabwino, pomwe masamba amagulitsidwa.

Njira yachiwiri yoyeretsera ndiyabwino ngati mukufuna kupeza maso osaphika.

Apa madzi otentha adzawathandiza! Ndiwo omwe ayenera kuthira mtedza kwa mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena khumi. Nthawi ikatha, muyenera kukhetsa madziwo, ndikutsuka mtedzawo m'madzi ozizira.

Muyenera kuyanika mtedza pambuyo pake. Yankho labwino kwambiri lingakhale kugwiritsa ntchito chida choumitsira masamba ndi zipatso. Nthawi yonse yoyanika ndi maola asanu ndi limodzi mpaka 45 digiri Celsius.

Momwe mungathamangire mtedza?

Momwe mungawotchere mtedza moyenera? M'malo mwake, palibe njira zambiri zowotchera. Tidzakambirana nawo pansipa.

Poto wowotcha - njira yosavuta komanso yowoneka bwino. Poto wofunsira izi ayenera kukhala yolimba. Iyenera kutsukidwa bwino, kupukuta youma, kenako kupukutidwa ndi mchere. Izi ziteteza chiponde ku fungo losasangalatsa. Muyenera kuwotcha mbewu pamoto wochepa ndikuziwumiriza nthawi zonse. Dziwani kuti ntchitoyi imafuna kuleza mtima ndikuyang'anitsitsa!

Pepala lophika mu uvuni. Njirayi ndi yophweka kwambiri kuposa yapita ija chifukwa wothandizira onse ayenera kuchita ndikutsanulira mtedza wosendawo papepala lokhala ndi zikopa ndikuyika pepala mu uvuni lotentha mpaka 180 digiri Celsius. Pakatha mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena khumi kuchokera mukuwotchera maso, chotsani mtedzawo patebulo ndikuzizira mu chopukutira chopangidwa ndi ulusi wachilengedwe.

Kuwonongeka kwa mtedza ndi zotsutsana

Mtedza ukhoza kukhala wovulaza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi tsankho laumwini ku zigawo za mankhwala. Kawirikawiri, mtedza uwu ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, choncho yambani kudya ndi osachepera.

Mtedza si wabwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi gout ndi arthrosis. Kudya mtedza wambiri kumatha kuyambitsa vuto lakudya.

Tiyeneranso kulingalira za kuchuluka kwa ma calorie azinthuzo, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakumwa pakakhala kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kwa iwo omwe amayang'anira kulemera kwawo kapena omwe ali pachakudya.

Mtedza mitundu

Pali kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwamitundu yamakonde. Sizoyenera kuzilemba zonse, chifukwa chake tikambirana mitundu yamatundu yotchuka kwambiri. Alipo anayi okha, ndipo katchulidwe ka mayina awo kamasiyana pang'ono kutengera dera.

• Valencia (Red Skin) - ili ndi maso apakatikati, omwe amakutidwa kunja ndi chipolopolo chofiira, komanso amatchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwake. Khola limodzi lili ndi mbewu zitatu.
• Virginia - ili ndi maso akulu kwambiri, ali ndi mawonekedwe osakhwima, ndi makomedwe abwino.
• Spanish (Java) - mtedza wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa. Ndizosiyanasiyana zomwe ophika amagwiritsa ntchito kuphika zakudya zosiyanasiyana, monga, mtedza mu chokoleti, mtedza mu shuga, ndi zina zotsekemera zopatsa mphamvu. Mtedza wamchere, mwa njira, umatchulidwanso kuchokera kumitunduyi.
• Wothamanga ndi wosakanizidwa wa mitundu iwiri yapamwambayi - Virginia ndi Java. Idatengera mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri amafuta komanso kukula kwake ndikulimbana ndi matenda ambiri omwe mbewu za chiponde zimatha kugwidwa nthawi yolima. Maso a mitundu iyi ndi oblong.

Mitundu ikuluikulu yamakungu, yotengera nyengo yathu, imadziwika kuti Valencia, Klinskaya, Krasnodarets ndi Stepnyak. Ndiwo omwe samakonda kwambiri zinthu ndipo samatengeka ndi matenda monga powdery mildew ndi phyllostictosis.

Momwe mungamere mtedza kunyumba?

Funso nthawi zambiri limamveka kuchokera kwa wamaluwa ambiri osungulumwa omwe ali ndi lingaliro lakukula mtedza patsamba lawo. M'malo mwake, palibe chovuta pankhaniyi, ndipo njirayi siyosiyana ndi kutulutsa nyemba, mphodza, kapena nyemba zina zilizonse. Tidzafotokozera sitepe ndi sitepe momwe tingachitire moyenera.

1. Chifukwa chake, gawo loyamba: sankhani mbewu zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zazikulu kwambiri kuti zimere. Chosankha chabwino kwambiri ndi mtedza wa zokolola zam'mbuyomu, koma mbewu za chaka cham'mbuyomu nthawi zambiri zimamera bwino. Ganizirani chinthu chimodzi chofunikira: mtedza usakhale wobiriwira ndipo usakhale ndi fungo lokoma.
2. Gawo lachiwiri limaphatikizapo kuthira mbewu munjira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate. Nthawi yosunga mbewu ndi mphindi khumi ndi zisanu.
3. Khwerero XNUMX - kutsuka nyembazo mopanikizika pang'ono ndi madzi ozizira.
4. Gawo lachinayi - kuthira maso a chiponde kuti kumere. Pachifukwa ichi, gwiritsani ntchito magalasi kapena ziwiya zapulasitiki ndizoyambira. Ikani nyemba zonyowa mu chidebe ndikutsanulira madzi ozizira kuti muziphimbe. Phimbani beseni ndi gauze ndikuti mbewu zizikhala sabata limodzi. Munthawi imeneyi, mbewu zathanzi zimaswa ndi kukula kwambiri. Padzakhala chinyezi chokwanira mpaka mbewuzo mpaka masamba oyamba padziko lapansi.

Mukawona kuti nyembazo zatenga madzi ochulukirapo nthawi yotupa ndikukhala opanda kanthu, onjezerani mosamala gawo lina lamadzi.
5. Ziphukirazo zikawonekera, zimatsalira kuti zichite gawo lofunikira kwambiri pantchitoyi - mphukira kuuma. Ili likhala gawo lachisanu komanso lomaliza pantchito yomera mbewu.

Kodi?

Izi zichitike motere: thirani madzi ochulukirapo kuchokera mu chidebecho ndi nthanga, ikani nyembazo pamalo amodzi pa gauze wonyowa, ndikupita nazo kuchipinda chozizira masiku atatu. Ndibwino ngati ndi chipinda chapansi, koma mutha kugwiritsa ntchito firiji ngati mulibe. Nucleoli imamva bwino kwambiri pashelefu yakumunsi ya firiji kapena pagawo losungira masamba. Pakatha masiku atatu, zilowerereni nyerere kwa maola 24, kenako mudzabzale pansi.

Maso a chiponde akatupa ndi kuuma, onetsetsani kuti mwakonza bedi momwe mudzadzalamo mbewu. Chifukwa chake, momwe mungachitire izi moyenera ndikusamalira chomera kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka komanso zapamwamba, muphunzira pagawo lotsatira la nkhaniyi.

Kodi mungakule bwanji m'munda?

Funso ndilofala ndipo limafunikira chidwi cha okhala mchilimwe. Tidzayesera kufotokoza kwathunthu momwe tingathere zovuta zonse za phunziroli.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndikungoyenda pang'ono ndikukambirana za nthaka. Malo olimapo chiponde ayenera kukwaniritsa zina ndi zina.

Kutentha kwa mpweya mukamabzala mbewu m'nthaka kuyenera kukhala mozungulira 20 madigiri Celsius, ndipo kutentha kwapansi nthawi yomweyo kuyenera kukhala osachepera khumi ndi asanu digiri Celsius. Kutentha kotsika kwa dothi kumadzetsa mphukira ndi mbewu zowola, chifukwa chake sipadzakhala mphukira.

Kapangidwe ka dziko lapansi ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mupeze zomwe mukufuna. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayirira komanso ya umuna, ndipo yankho labwino kwambiri lingakhale nthaka yakuda kapena nthaka yopanda pH. Kumbukirani kuti mtedza umakula bwino m'malo omwe nightshades (mbatata, tsabola belu, ndi tomato), mbewu, kapena nkhaka zimakula kale.

Kubzala

Kubzala mtedza ndibwino m'njira ziwiri: zodzikongoletsera kapena mzere wokulirapo.

Pachiyambi, mtunda wapakati pazomera uyenera kukhala osachepera masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi, wachiwiri, uku ndikutalikirana kwa mizere, ndipo mtunda wapakati pazomera usakhale wopitilira masentimita makumi awiri.

Ndi njira yodzala yaying'ono, phando limodzi limakhala ndi mbeu zisanu pamtunda wa masentimita asanu ndi awiri. Mukamabzala mtedza m'njira yotalikirana kwambiri, ikani mbewu ziwiri mdzenjemo.

Malo olimapo chiponde ayenera kukhala a lite ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, akhale paphiri. Izi zipereka ngalande ndikuchotsa madzi osayenda omwe amaopseza kuwola kwa mbewu. Ndicho chifukwa chake wamaluwa ambiri amakonda kulima mbewu za chiponde mu zomwe zimatchedwa "anzeru" kapena, mwanjira ina, mabedi apamwamba.

Kusamalira mtedza ndi ntchito yomwe imafunikira chidwi. Zimakhala ndi ulimi wothirira munthawi yake tsambalo, kuphika ndi kudyetsa mbewu, komanso kuwateteza ku tizirombo tomwe tingathe.

Kuthirira

Kuthirira mbewu kumayenera kukhala wochuluka, kenako ndikumasula nthaka. Madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda ndikukhazikika, sayenera kukhala ndi klorini. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mbewu zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi ochokera m'makontena osiyanasiyana kuthirira, kapena amathiriridwa ndi madzi apafakitale, osayenera kumwa ndi kuphika. Kuthirira mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa m'njira yokhotakhota ziyenera kukhala pamizu, ndipo pobzala njira yolumikizira mabatani, mudzaze ngalandezo ndi madzi.

Tsiku limodzi mutatha kuthirira, ndikofunikira kumasula nthaka. Pa nthawi yonse yakukula kwa mtedza, zomera zimafunika hilling. Nthawi yoyamba njirayi imachitika mbewu zikafika kutalika kwa masentimita makumi asanu, chokwera chachiwiri chimachitika maluwa oyamba, ndipo zina zonse zimachitika pakadutsa masiku asanu ndi awiri.

Kudyetsa

Kudyetsa mbewu ndikofanana ndi njira yodyetsera mizu. Chisankho chabwino kwambiri ndi fetereza wovuta wokhala ndi michere yambiri. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino kwambiri, kudyetsa mbeu ndibwino kuti muchite kamodzi pamasabata awiri, makamaka masiku khumi aliwonse. Kwenikweni, nthawi ino ikugwirizana kwathunthu ndi nthawi:

• mawonekedwe a masamba oyamba owona;
• maluwa ambiri;
• mapangidwe ovary.

Ndikufuna kudziwa kuti pokonzekera mabedi nthawi yophukira, ndibwino kuti mukonze bedi lodzala mtedza pasadakhale: onjezerani kompositi, humus, feteleza wochulukirapo, kenako ndikuphimba ndi nsalu yamafuta akuda kapena agrofibre.

Kuteteza mtedza kwa tizirombo kumakhala ndi njira zina. Kulimbana ndi makoswe ang'ono ndi kachilomboka. Makoswe amakhala ndi poizoni ndi nyambo zosiyanasiyana, kapena nyumba zapadera zimamangidwa kuti zisafike pafupi ndi nyemba za chiponde. Njira zothana ndi chimbalangondo ndikupanga misampha yapadera ya tizilombo ndikugwidwa kwawo ndikuwonongedwa pambuyo pake.

Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi theka mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuyambira pomwe mbewu idayamba kuviwoka, mutha kukolola mtedza wanu. Ngati zochitika zonse zidachitidwa molingana ndi ukadaulo wolima, zokolola zingakusangalatseni. Kuchuluka kwa chiponde chouma ndi chipolopolo chomwe chimatengedwa kuchokera pa mita imodzi lalikulu kumatha kufikira magalamu zana ndi makumi asanu.

Mfundo zosangalatsa za mtedza

Kwathu chiponde

M'mbiri yaulimi mu Dziko Lakale, chiponde chitha kukhala chatsopano. Dziko lakwawo la mtedza ndi South America - mwina mapiri a Bolivia Andes. Zofukula m'mabwinja zimapereka chidziwitso choyambirira kwambiri chokhudza mtedza m'manda aku Peru omwe adaikidwa m'manda mzaka za XII-XV.

Zotsatira izi zikusonyeza kuti Amwenye aku Peruvia amalima chiponde chotchedwa ankhuk ngakhale azungu asanafike kumeneko. Ndikupezeka kwa America, mtedza udawoloka Nyanja ya Pacific kupita kuzilumba za Moluccan ndi Philippines (m'mbali mwa nyanja yomwe Magellan adapeza). Kuchokera kumeneko kupita ku India, Japan, China, Indochina ndikufalikira kumwera konse kwa Asia.

Chikhalidwe ichi chidabwera ku Africa koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 16. panthawi yolumikizana bwino pakati pa Brazil ndi gombe la West Africa. Chiponde chinabweretsa zombo zaku America, ndipo apa mbewu zimafalikira mwachangu komanso mofalikira.

Europe

Mtedza udabweretsedwa ku Europe ndi oyendetsa sitima aku Portugal koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 16, koma osati ochokera ku America kapena India. Kuchokera ku China.
Mwachidziwikire, ichi ndichifukwa chake mtedza wakhala ukutchedwa mtedza waku China ku Europe. Ku kontinenti yaku Europe, mtedza udayamba kudziwika makamaka ku Spain. Kuchokera pamenepo, idalowa ku France, komwe chikhalidwechi adayesedwa koyamba m'munda wamaluwa ku Montpellier.

Zokolola za mtedza ku France zidayamba kutchuka pachuma cha 19th. Komabe, mtedza sunapite patsogolo mdziko muno popeza nyemba zochokera kunja (makamaka ku Senegal) zinali zotsika mtengo. Ku Europe, kupatula Spain ndi France, mtedza udalikulidwanso nthawi zosiyanasiyana ku Italy, Balkan, ndi zilumba za Mediterranean.

Zogulitsa mtedza

Ngati mukuganiza kuti chiponde ndi mtedza wamchere wamchere, ndiye kuti mudzadabwa kukula kwa momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Mtedza ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zamtengo wapatali zamafuta, chifukwa nyemba zimakhala ndi mafuta okwanira 60% komanso zopitilira 30%. Chifukwa chake, sungani mafutawo.

Kupondereza kozizira kumapanga mafuta apamwamba kwambiri pafupifupi opanda mtundu - chakudya chabwino kwambiri chopanda fungo, ndi kukoma kwake kokoma ngati mafuta a azitona. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonzekera mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya nsomba zamzitini, margarine, confectionery (chokoleti), ndi zophika buledi ndipo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu pharmacology.

Mafuta a mtedza

Mafuta otsika kwambiri ndi abwino kupanga sopo, ndipo pamtengo wapamwamba, mutha kupeza omwe amatchedwa sopo wa Marseilles. Mafuta a mafuta ndi chakudya ndizakudya zabwino kwambiri zomanga thupi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochulukitsa nkhuku ndi ng'ombe, makamaka nyama zazing'ono. Monga msipu wake, nsonga zake ndizabwino kwa ziweto ndipo zimakhala zopatsa thanzi ngati msipu wa nyemba.

Masamba a nyemba amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chimbudzi chothandizira kukonza nthaka, zinyalala mu ulimi wa nkhuku ndi zomangamanga (kupanga matabwa a tinthu kapena zinthu zotetezera), popangira ma CD.

Ubweya wamasamba wabwino kwambiri, ardil, ndi wa mapuloteni a mtedza, komanso ndi zinthu zopangira mapulasitiki, guluu, ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pokhala chomera chobiriwira, mtedza ndi wabwino wobwezeretsa nthaka ndipo, monga nyemba, umalemeretsa ndi nayitrogeni.

Ndizodziwika bwino kuti mtedza wokazinga ndi wokoma wokha. Chifukwa chake ndi abwino athunthu, nthawi zina mchere kapena zotsekemera. Mu mawonekedwe ophwanyidwa, mafumu amawasakaniza muzinthu zambiri za confectionery, khofi, zopaka zosiyanasiyana ndi pastes, zakumwa, halva. Mtedzawu uli ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri: kilogalamu imodzi ya nyemba za mtedza imapereka ma calories 5960.

Ku Africa kuno, mtedza ndi chakudya cham'mawa kapena chosakaniza ndi mapira kapena mpunga. Ku China, mtedza umagwira ntchito ngati zopangira zopangira mitundu yopitilira 300 yazakudya. Chakudya chodziwika bwino ku USA ndi mtedza, uchi, ufa wa soya, chimera, batala wa mtedza, ndikuyika mpaka phala losalala.

Ubwino wa chiponde

Aliyense amadziwa zakudya zoyamba zomwe zili "zathanzi". Izi ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, nsomba ndi nsomba zolemera mu zinthu zofunika kwa thupi. Koma zidapezeka kuti gulu lina lazakudya limabweretsa thanzi lathu, koma zomwe akatswiri azakudya amaziyiwala, ndikuzifananiza ndi "chakudya cha ballast". Chimodzi mwazinthu zotere ndi mtedza.

Kafukufuku wochokera ku Florida State University wasonyeza kuti chiponde chimakhala ndi ma antioxidants ambiri, omwe amateteza maselo mthupi kuchokera kuzowopsa zaulere. Choyambirira, ma polyphenols omwe ali mmenemo ali ndi zida za antioxidant - mankhwala omwe amayandikana kwambiri ndi mankhwala a antioxidant a vinyo wofiira, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwanjira zothandiza kwambiri popewa matenda amtima.

Mwa njira, monga asayansi apeza, pambuyo Kuwotcha mtedza, zomwe zili mu polyphenols zimawonjezeka ndi 20-25 peresenti. Ndiko kuti, mtedza umakhala wopindulitsa kwambiri pa thanzi. Ndipo ngati tikuyerekeza mtedza mawu awo antioxidant zotsatira ndi zinthu zina, likukhalira kuti, pamodzi ndi sitiroberi ndi mabulosi akuda, iwo ndi wachiwiri kwa makangaza, anazindikira mtsogoleri zili antioxidants.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtedza waiwisi

Mtedza waiwisi ukhoza kusokoneza kugaya chakudya. Kuonjezera apo, popanda kukonzedwa, si gwero la zakudya m'thupi.

- The bioavailability of trace elements idzakhala yokwera kwambiri mutaviika mtedza. Njirayi imatchedwa activation. Zimathandiza kuchotsa phytic acid, yomwe imalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa mchere, komanso zoletsa ma enzymes am'mimba - zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa ntchito yawo. Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu ambiri amamva kulemera kapena kupweteka atadya (makamaka mopitirira muyeso) mtedza, Anna Tsukanova adanena.

Malinga ndi adokotala, mtedza uyenera kuviikidwa kwa maola 7-10 kuti uchepetse zoyipa zake. Pambuyo mtedza akhoza zouma mu uvuni pa madigiri 40-45 kapena dehydrator. Khungu liyenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa lili ndi antinutrients ambiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kupanga mkaka wa nati kuchokera ku mtedza wothira: sakanizani 1 gawo la mtedza ndi magawo atatu a madzi, kuwaza mu blender ndi kupsyinjika.

Zoterezi zimakhala ndi ubwino wonse wa mtedza, koma zimakhala bwino kuti zigayidwe ndi kusakaniza.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtedza wokazinga

- Mtedza wokazinga amaonedwa kuti ndi wathanzi kusiyana ndi zosaphika, chifukwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chinyezi kumawonjezera chiwerengero cha zakudya, kuphatikizapo antioxidants ndi vitamini E. Choncho, zomwe zili mu polyphenols zimawonjezeka ndi 25%. Zinc zilinso zimawonjezeka, zomwe zimathandiza kuti testosterone ipangidwe, yomwe imakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu ndi ntchito ya spermatozoa mwa amuna, katswiri wa zakudya anati. Chinthu chachikulu sichiyenera kupitirira, mwinamwake iwo adzataya ubwino wonse.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mchere mtedza

- Mtedza wamchere, ndithudi, uli ndi ubwino wonse wa mtedza, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa sodium, kumabweretsa kutupa ndi kupanikizika kwakukulu. Izi sizingapindulitse anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto a impso ndi mtima omwe analipo kale.Panthawi yomweyi, ngati simugwiritsa ntchito chiponde cha mchere wamchere, ndiye kuti mwa munthu wathanzi sichidzabweretsa zotsatira zoipa.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa chiponde

Peanut butter ndi gwero launyamata chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma antioxidants, ndipo mavitamini omwe ali mu mankhwalawa amawongolera khungu, misomali ndi tsitsi. Komanso mankhwala 

Pa nthawi yomweyi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi purines, zimakhala zovulaza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi nyamakazi, arthrosis, gout, chifukwa cha mafuta - kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chizolowezi cha acne, hemostatic katundu - ndi varicose mitsempha.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mtedza mu shuga

Mlozera wa glycemic wa mtedza ndi 13, chifukwa mtedza suyambitsa kumasulidwa mwachangu 

za timadzi ta insulini.”- Kudya mtedzawu pang’onopang’ono kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga. Kuphatikiza apo, zimathandizira kukhazikika kwa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyike muzakudya za odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2, atero adokotala. kudziletsa.

Mtedza muzamankhwala

Mtedza umenewu nthawi zambiri umalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu odwala matenda a shuga pang'onopang'ono, ndipo batala wa mtedza umalimbikitsidwanso kuti achepetse thupi . ma radicals, omwe nthawi zambiri amatsogolera ku khansa.Kuphatikiza apo, ulusi wa mtedza wopukutidwa umathandizira kupititsa patsogolo matumbo komanso kuyenda. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumathandizira kukhazikika kwa chopondapo, kumalepheretsa kudzimbidwa kapena kuchepetsa vutoli ndi vuto lomwe lilipo.

Momwe mungasankhire

Zatsopano, zotetezeka kudyedwa mtedza zimakhala ndi nucleoli zouma ndi zonyezimira zomwe sizisiyana mtundu. Mtedza wopepuka, ndi watsopano komanso wotetezeka. Njere yachikasu ndi yowawa ya mtedza ndi chinthu chowonongeka komanso chowopsa chomwe chiyenera kutayidwa.”- Akasungidwa molakwika, nkhungu imamera pamwamba pa mtedza - aspergillus, yomwe imatulutsa aflatoxin. Ndi carcinogen yamphamvu yomwe ingakhudze ziwalo zonse ndi minofu, makamaka chiwindi ndi impso. Zingayambitsenso kuchedwa kwa kukula ndi chitukuko cha ana, kumachepetsa chitetezo chokwanira. Mlingo waukulu, mankhwalawa amayambitsa poizoni, omwe nthawi zambiri amawononga chiwindi ndipo amatha kupha moyo. Ngati, potsegula bokosi la mtedza, "utsi" kapena mtambo wa fumbi loyera, imvi kapena ladothi likuwonekera, ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda a fungal. Simungadye mtedza wotere, komanso kutulutsa fumbi ili, Anna Tsukanova adatero.

Momwe mungasungire Mtedza komanso momwe mungasungire

Mtedza uyenera kusungidwa pamalo amdima, ozizira. Ndizofunikira kuti nthawi yomweyo zikhale mu chidebe cha galasi chotsekedwa mwamphamvu. Alumali moyo wa mtedza wotere ndi kusunga bwino ndi 1 chaka.