Kubzala ndi kusamalira actinidia: kusankha malo ndi nthaka, kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba, kupanga korona, kubereka + mitundu yabwino kwambiri

Zotsatira za actinidia

Actinidia ndi wachibale wa kiwi, chomera chosatha cha dioecious chamtundu wa mpesa. Popanda chithandizo, imakula mpaka 1,5-2 m. Zosinthika, zosalala zimakutidwa ndi khungwa la brownish. Masamba akuluakulu ooneka ngati mtima okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa serrated, obiriwira, opanda stipules. Chitsamba chikaphuka, nsonga za masamba zimasanduka zoyera, kenako pinki ndipo pamapeto pake rasipiberi.

Nthawi yamaluwa, yomwe imatha kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni, mbewuyo imakutidwa ndi maluwa okhala ngati kapu okhala ndi mainchesi 1 mpaka 3 cm. Mtundu wawo umadalira zosiyanasiyana ndipo ukhoza kukhala woyera mpaka wofiirira. Mitundu yambiri ya actinidia ilibe fungo, koma mitundu ina imakhala ndi fungo lokoma pang'ono. Kucha kwa zipatso kumayamba kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Zipatso zobiriwira zachikasu zobiriwira kapena zowala lalanje zimakula kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 8 cm.

Video "Kubzala ndi kusamalira actinidia"

Mu kanemayu, katswiri adzakuuzani momwe mungabzalire bwino actinidia ndikusamalira mbewu.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa actinidia wamkazi ndi wamwamuna?

Ndizotheka kusiyanitsa actinidia yachikazi ndi amuna pokhapokha nthawi yamaluwa. Poika mbewu, ndizosatheka kudziwa zotsatira zake pasadakhale. Ngati mukufuna kupeza maluwa okongola ndi zipatso zokoma, muyenera kubzala mbewu zonse m'mundamo.

Choyimira chachikazi chimaphuka ndi maluwa amodzi, momwe muli ma pistils ndi mazira. Shrub yamphongo ndi yosavuta kuzindikira ndi inflorescences, yomwe imakhala ndi maluwa 3-4 okhala ndi ma stamens ambiri aatali. Pamene mungu umatulutsa mungu, mungu umasamutsidwa kuchoka ku mbewu kupita ku ina.

Mitundu yotchuka yolima

Pazonse, actinidia ili ndi mitundu yopitilira 70, yomwe imaphatikizapo zipatso ndi zokongoletsera. Zofala kwambiri ndi:

1. Kolomikta. Mitundu yosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, imapirira kutentha mpaka -42 ° C. Yotchuka ku Urals ndi Siberia. Imakula mpaka 5-10 m, yokutidwa ndi zipatso zobiriwira 2-2,5 masentimita kukula kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Masamba osungunuka ndi obiriwira, okhala ndi mulu wofiyira. Kuyambira Seputembala, masambawo amapakidwanso utoto wofiyira wachikasu ndi pinki-wofiirira. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri: Lakomka, chinanazi, Doctor Shimanovsky.
2. Kukangana. Yaikulu kwambiri mwa actinidia, zomwe zimayambira zimafika 36 m kutalika. Masamba a masamba ndi opindika, osalala, obiriwira amtundu wakuda. Shrub ndi yodzichepetsa ndipo imabereka zipatso zambiri zilizonse. Zipatso zimayamba kuonekera kumayambiriro kwa September. Zipatso mpaka 3 cm mu kukula zimatha kukhala zobiriwira kapena zofiirira. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri: Yaikulu-zipatso, Yodziletsa, Primorskaya.
3. Mitala. Nthambi zofooka za liana zokhala ndi mphukira zosaposa 5 m. Mitundu yokhayo yomwe, kuwonjezera pa zipatso, masamba amadyedwanso. Masamba amasamba okhala ndi nsonga zakuthwa amakhala obiriwira, amasintha mthunzi wawo pang'ono. Zipatso za malalanje zimakhala ndi beta-carotene ndipo zimakoma ngati nkhuyu. Mitundu yabwino kwambiri: Kukongola, Zojambula, Apurikoti.

Kutera pamalo otseguka

Odziwa wamaluwa amalangiza kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka, omwe zaka zawo sizidutsa zaka zitatu. Ndi bwino kugula chomera chomwe mizu yake yatsekedwa. Kuwala kwadzuwa, kutentha kwambiri komanso kusowa kwa chinyezi kumatha kuwononga actinidia yachichepere.

Pogula mbande, m'pofunika kuganizira jenda la zomera. Popeza zimatsimikiziridwa ndi maluwa okha, mphukira za chitsamba chozimiririka ndizoyenera. Njira yomwe kudulako kumakulira nayo ndiyofunikanso. Actinidia wakula kuchokera ku mbewu amataya zizindikiro za kukhala zamitundumitundu.

Nthawi yoyenera

Actinidia ikhoza kubzalidwa nthawi iliyonse pachaka, kupatula miyezi yozizira. Wamaluwa alibe lingaliro lofanana pa nthawi yake, kotero amabzala mbande nthawi zosiyanasiyana:

• kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (musanayambe kusuntha timadziti);
• m'zaka khumi zachitatu za April (pamene chitsamba chimatha);
• autumn (chisanu choyamba chisanayambe).

Kusankha malo ndi nthaka zikuchokera

Malo abwino odzala actinidia ayenera kukhala acidic kapena acidic pang'ono. Ngati nthaka ndi ndale, ndi bwino feteleza kuti omasuka kukula. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kubzala chomera pa loam, komanso malo omwe ali ndi madzi ochuluka apansi. Shrub imamera bwino pamalo okwera, m'nthaka yopanda madzi.

Otsogolera abwino ndi oyandikana nawo

Shrub idzamva bwino pafupi ndi zomera zomwe sizimawononga nthaka (blackcurrant, hazel). Limbikitsani nthaka, komanso kukhala ndi momwe akadakwanitsira mlingo wa chinyezi nyemba. Mukhozanso kubzala bwino maluwa a m'munda pafupi.

Sitikulimbikitsidwa kukulitsa mpesa pafupi ndi mitengo yazipatso. Amatenga chinyezi chambiri, ndipo kuthamangitsa bwalo la underbarrel kungawononge mizu ya actinidia. Komanso, mphukira za chitsamba, zomangira mitengo ikuluikulu, nthawi zambiri "zimapotoza" mitengo yaing'ono.

Kutera koyenera

Maenje obzala amakonzedwa milungu iwiri musanabzale. Amapangidwa pamtunda wa 2 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, kuyeza 50x50x50 cm. Kuyika kwa ngalande kumayikidwa pansi, kusakaniza nthaka kumatsanuliridwa pamwamba: humus, makala, superphosphate.

Musanabzale, mbewuyo imawunikidwa mosamala ndikuchotsa mbali zouma kapena zowonongeka. Mizu imayikidwa mu phala ladongo, ndipo malo obzala amathiridwa ndi ndowa imodzi yamadzi. Mukatsitsa mbewu m'dzenje, siyani muzu wa khosi logwedezeka ndi pamwamba. Nthaka imapangidwa ndi mulch. Malizitsani njirayi ndi kuthirira kwambiri (1-2 ndowa). Phesi laling'ono limakutidwa ndi gauze kapena pepala kuti litetezeke ku dzuwa.

Zosiyanasiyana za kukula

Mosasamala za nyengo, mipesa yokongoletsera imafunikira chisamaliro chapadera komanso kukula kwake. Sikovuta kupanga malo abwino a actinidia - ndikokwanira kudziwa malamulo ena agrotechnical.

Kuthirira ndi kusamalira nthaka

Popanda kuthirira bwino, chitsambacho sichingakhalepo bwino. Ngati mulingo wa chinyezi m'nthaka uli pansi pamlingo wofunikira, mbewuyo imakhetsa masamba, imasiya kukula, ndipo sichidzalekerera bwino nyengo yozizira. Chinyezi chochuluka chimakhalanso ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa actinidia. Wamaluwa amalangiza kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata. Nthawi yomweyo, zidebe 1-2 zamadzi zimafunika pa chitsamba chilichonse, ndipo nthawi yowuma kuchuluka kwake kumawirikiza kawiri. Pambuyo pa kunyowetsa, nthaka imamasulidwa, namsongole amachotsedwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi mulch wowonjezera wosanjikiza.

Mutha kuthirira actinidia patsamba kokha m'mawa kapena madzulo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza

Manyowa a feteleza amalimbikitsa kukula, nthambi, zokolola, komanso kulimbikitsa mbewu nthawi yachisanu. Kuvala pamwamba pa mipesa kumachitika katatu pa nyengo:

• kumayambiriro kwa masika: nayitrogeni (35 g), phosphorous ndi potaziyamu (20 g aliyense) mankhwala;
• pakupanga thumba losunga mazira: nayitrogeni (15-20 g), phosphorous ndi potaziyamu (10-12 g aliyense);
• mkatikati mwa Seputembala, mutakolola: feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu okha (20 g aliyense).

Zokonzekera zimagawidwa pamwamba pa bwalo la pansi ndikuzama pansi ndi masentimita 10-12. Kumapeto kwa ndondomekoyi, nthaka iyenera kunyowa kwambiri.

Kupanga korona

Wamaluwa amalangiza kudulira nthawi yomweyo maluwa. M'pofunika kuchotsa owonjezera mphukira, komanso kufupikitsa ndi lachitatu pachaka. Kudulira kwa Anti-kukalamba kumachitika kokha kwa zomera zaka zoposa 8. Njira, yomwe mpesa umadulidwa mpaka chitsa cha 30-40 cm, umachitika zaka 3-4 zilizonse.

Kwa mtundu wina wa shrub, njira yodulira imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, mkanganowo uyenera kuchepetsedwa, kufupikitsa zimayambira, koma nthambi yayikulu yamphamvu siyenera kukhudzidwa. Mu kolomikt wamkulu, chaka chilichonse mphukira yakale imasinthidwa ndi yaying'ono, ndipo korona imapangidwa mwa njira ya fan.

Kuletsa tizilombo ndi matenda

Actinidia ndi pafupifupi otetezedwa ku matenda ndi majeremusi. Kusamalira bwino shrub ndikokwanira kuti ikhale yathanzi. Komabe, nthawi zina mbewuyo imatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus kapena kafadala. Kuchokera ku zowola ndi powdery mildew, kuchotsa mphukira zowuma kapena zowonongeka, komanso zipatso, zidzapulumutsa. Mutha kuwononga bowa ndikuwopseza tizilombo ndi osakaniza a Bordeaux (1%) kapena yankho la soda phulusa (0,5%).

Momwe mungafalitsire actinidia

Kubereka kwa actinidia ndi njira yosavuta. Ndi bwino kuchita izi ndi cuttings, popeza chomeracho chidzakhala cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, jenda, ndipo chidzayamba kubala zipatso kale kwa zaka 3-4. Zitsamba zolimba kwambiri zimakula kuchokera kumbewu, koma zimakolola pakadutsa zaka 7 zokha.

Mbewu

Zobzala zimatsukidwa, zouma ndikuviika kwa masiku anayi. Mbewu zonyowa zimayikidwa m'chidebe chokhala ndi mchenga, kuthirira nthawi zonse ndikuwulutsa kwa miyezi iwiri. Kenaka, kwa nthawi yomweyi, chidebecho, chophimbidwa ndi nsanza, chimatulutsidwa kunja kuzizira. Chotsatira ndikuyika bokosi la mbewu pamalo ozizira, pomwe patatha masiku 4-2 mphukira zoyamba zimawonekera. Amabzalidwa m'mitsuko yokhala ndi dothi pakati pa perlite, ndipo tsamba lachitatu likawoneka, amabzalidwa pansi.

Zodula

Wamaluwa amagwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri:

1. Zodula zobiriwira. Pambuyo pa maluwa, mphukira yotalika 10-15 cm yokhala ndi masamba atatu imadulidwa pachitsamba. Mphukira imabzalidwa mu dzenje lodzaza ndi ngalande zosanjikiza ndi chisakanizo cha humus ndi mchenga. Phimbani ndi zojambulazo, uzani kawiri pa tsiku ndi mpweya nthawi zonse. Actinidia imabzalidwa pamalo otseguka masika.
2. Zodula zamitengo. Kudulira nthambi zobzala kumachitika mu kugwa. Kutalika kwawo kuyenera kukhala 20 cm. Mphukira zimayikidwa molunjika mumchenga ndikusungidwa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Marichi, kenako zimabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mizu ikawonekera, phesi limabzalidwa pamalo otseguka.

Arc layering

Njirayi imakhala ndi kugwetsa mphukira zobiriwira. Mitsuko yaying'ono 7-10 masentimita akuya imapangidwa pansi pa chitsamba, dothi losakanikirana (utuchi, peat, humus) limakutidwa ndipo tsinde laling'ono laling'ono limayikidwa, ndikusiya pamwamba pamwamba. Ikagona ndi nthaka ndikukhazikika kuchokera ku mphepo, imathiriridwa nthawi zonse kuti ipange mizu yodziyimira payokha. Alekanitse mphukira ndi wamkulu chomera mu April.

Kusonkhanitsa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu

Actinidia imayamba kubala zipatso ali ndi zaka 3-4, ndipo kuyambira zaka 7 imachita nthawi zonse. Chitsamba chimodzi chimatha kutulutsa zipatso kuyambira 12 mpaka 60 kg. Kololani kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn. Zipatso zakupsa zimaphwanyidwa kuchokera ku liana kupita ku pepala lofalikira. Malo osungiramo ayenera kukhala ozizira komanso mpweya wabwino. Komanso, zipatso zimatha kuzizira, zouma kapena kufota.

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa vitamini C ndi mchere, actinidia ndiyothandiza kwambiri:

• Imalimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi;
• kukhazikika kwa mtima, kapangidwe ka magazi ndi kukhazikika kwa mitsempha yamagazi;
• phindu pa ziwalo za kupuma dongosolo;
• amalimbana ndi matenda a m'mimba thirakiti;
• amachotsa slags;
• kumapangitsa khungu kamvekedwe komanso elasticity.

Chomera chokongoletsera chomwe sichimangowoneka chokongola, komanso chimabweretsa zokolola ndiloto la mlimi aliyense. Ndiwolimba komanso wodzichepetsa, choncho ngakhale oyamba kumene amatha kukula actinidia.