Chifukwa chiyani sikuli koyenera kufalitsa hogweed Sosnowski

Anthu amati: ngati mukufuna kukwiyitsa mnansi wanu, ikani mbeu za hogweed za Sosnovsky m'munda mwake. Kodi mbewu imeneyi ndi yotani ndipo n’chifukwa chiyani alimi amaopa zimenezi?

Hogweed - mu Chilatini - Herácléum ndi membala wa banja la ambulera ndipo ali ndi mitundu 52. Ambiri a iwo amamera ku Eastern Hemisphere, m'madera ake otentha. Pa gawo la dziko lathu pali mitundu 40 ya zomera za mtundu uwu. Mpaka posachedwa, hogweed ya ku Siberia inkaonedwa kuti ndiyofala kwambiri. Pazaka 30 zapitazi, Hogweed ya Sosnowsky yakhala mtsogoleri pang'onopang'ono.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mbiri ya mawonekedwe a chomera ichi. Ena amakhulupirira kuti parsnip ya ng'ombe ya Sosnowski ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wa majini ndi bungwe lachinsinsi. Koma ngati tiganizira maganizo a boma la USSR kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 30 ndi 40, makamaka Stalin, ku chibadwa, Baibuloli likuwoneka lovuta.

Yankho la funsoli likhoza kuperekedwa ndi dzina lachilatini la zomera - Herácléum sosnovskii Manden. Mawu omalizira ndi chidule cha dzina la katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo amene analizindikira ndi kulifotokoza. Ndi ya Ida Panovna Mandenova, katswiri wa botanist wa Soviet ndi Georgia. Ali ndi mitundu ingapo yambiri ya giant hogweed, yomwe adayizindikira ndikuyifotokoza pophunzira zamaluwa aku Caucasus m'ma 40s azaka za XX. Nkhumba ya Sosnovsky inatchedwa Dmitry Ivanovich Sosnovsky, yemwe anachita zambiri kuti aphunzire za zomera za ku Caucasus. Chomera cha Sosnovsky's hogweed chinalipo m'chilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali, koma chinali ndi malo ochepa. Kugawidwa kwake ndi "zoyenera" za munthu yemwe adayambitsa chimphona ichi mu chikhalidwe, zomwe zinayambitsa tsoka lachilengedwe la anthropogenic.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuyesa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mbewuyi mu chikhalidwe kunayamba mu 1946, zaka 4 pambuyo pa imfa ya Academician Vavilov, yemwe amawerengedwa ndi maphunzirowa. Adachita zoyeserera ku Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden, yomwe ili m'chigawo cha Murmansk. Kusankha kwachilendo kotereku kumatha kufotokozedwa ndikuti m'chilengedwe mitundu yambiri ya hogweed imamera m'dera la subalpine.

Ng'ombe ya Sosnovsky ya parsnip idapangidwa kuti idyetse nyama. Kuchuluka kwachilengedwe kwa mbewuyo - mpaka 2500 centner pa hekitala - kunapereka chiyembekezo chowoneka bwino chogwiritsa ntchito ngati mbewu yokolola. Koma ziyembekezozo sizinali zolungama. Mkaka wa ng’ombe wochokera ku chakudya choterocho unali wowawa. Popeza parsnip ya ng'ombe ya Sosnovsky inakhala mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, sikunali kotheka kuyatsa mkaka kuti ukonze. Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya estrogenic ya chomera ichi, ng'ombe zinayamba kukhala ndi mavuto ndi kubereka. Ana a ng’ombe sanaswa. Chotsatira chake, adasiya kudyetsa mbewuyi kwa ziweto, koma njira yothetsera zomera inali itayambika kale.

Zachilengedwe za hogweed Sosnovsky

Kufotokozera kwa chomera ichi kuyenera kuyamba ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu.

• Kutalika kumatha kufika 3 m.
• Kutalika kwa tsinde - mpaka 8 cm.
• Muzu wapampopi umapita pansi mpaka 2 m.
• Masamba ochititsa chidwi omwe amathera timitengo tating'onoting'ono, kufika m'lifupi mwake 1,2 m ndi kutalika kwa 1,5 m.
• Maluwa - maambulera akuluakulu mpaka 40 cm mulifupi, okhala ndi maluwa okwana 80. Apa akujambulidwa mu ulemerero wawo wonse.

  

• Chomeracho ndi cha monoecious, motero sichifunikira chopondera. Ngakhale buku limodzi likhoza kuyambitsa gulu lonse la zimphona. Maluwa amatengedwa mungu wochokera ku tizilombo.

Chiwerengero cha mbewu mu udzu wa Hercules chimalola kuti igonjetse madera onse atsopano, omwe ali ndi ma rekodi amakhala ndi 35 mwa iwo. Ndipo katundu wotere monga monocarpicity, ndiko kuti, kutha kukula mpaka mbewuyo itaphuka ndikupereka mbewu, zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kulimbana ndi hogweed. Kukula kwa maluwa kumatha kutenga zaka 000 ngakhale ndikutchetcha pachaka. Kumera kwa mbeu ndikwambiri ndipo mpaka 12%. Kuthekera kwawo kwakukulu ndi zaka 89. Iwo ndi opepuka ndipo amanyamulidwa ndi mphepo mtunda wautali.

• Chomerachi chimaphuka mu July-August, ndipo mbewu zimacha mu August-September.
• Tsinde lili ndi pubescence.
• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hogweed imatha kuswana, kupanga ma hybrids.

Koma osati kukula kwakukulu komwe kumalola chomera ichi kulamulira ndikuchotsa anansi ake.

Chochititsa chidwi

Nthawi zambiri, hogweed ya Sosnovsky imamera m'malo okhala ndi udzu wosokonekera - pafupi ndi malo akale a ng'ombe komanso m'malo omwe manyowa osapsa achulukana, komwe ziweto nthawi zambiri zimayenda. Pali kufotokoza kosavuta kwa mfundo imeneyi. Zoona zake n'zakuti hogweed ya Sosnowsky imadyetsa cyanobacteria ndi mabakiteriya ena a anaerobic, omwe amapezeka mopitirira muyeso m'malo omwe ali ndi mpweya wochepa wa okosijeni, komwe kumakhala manyowa.

Njira yofanana ndi chiwombankhanga imawonedwa: mbewuyo ikamadya bwino ndikukula, mpweya wocheperako ukakhala pafupi nawo, ma cyanobacteria amachulukirachulukira. Kuti athetse opikisana nawo, chomeracho chaphunzira kumasula zinthu zapadera m'nthaka zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri maselo omwe ali ndi nucleus. Zinthu izi zimawalepheretsa kugawanitsa, kuwawononga bwino. Cyanobacteria ndi anaerobes ena alibe phata, ndi hogweed yekha amatenga chirichonse. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zisaphedwe, koma nthawi yomweyo zimalepheretsa malo okhala.

Zowopsa za hogweed Sosnovsky

Chifukwa chiyani parsnip ya ng'ombe ya Sosnovsky ndi yowopsa? Mafuta ofunikira omwe amaphatikizidwa muzolemba zake, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi furocoumarins, chomwe chimakhala ndi photosensitizing, kuchititsa photodermatosis pakhungu. Ma alkaloids ndi triterpene saponins omwe ali mu chimphona ichi amawonedwanso kuti ndi oopsa kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, hogweed ya Sosnovsky ndi chomera chakupha, mbali zake zonse ndi zowopsa, makamaka panthawi yachitukuko: pamaluwa ndi kucha kwa mbewu.

Osayandikira pafupi ndi parsnip ya ng'ombe ya Sosnovsky, ndipo koposa zonse musakhudze.

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa zotsatira za kukhudzana ndi chomera choopsa ichi.

Zotsatira za mafuta ofunikira pakhungu ndikuti zimalepheretsa kwathunthu chitetezo ku radiation ya ultraviolet. Chifukwa chake, kuyaka kumachitika pakhungu mutatha kukhudzana komanso kungokhala pafupi ndi chomeracho, chomwe nthawi zina chimafika madigiri atatu.

Zimakhala zowawa kwambiri, zovuta kuchiza ndipo sizimachiritsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri, kupsa koteroko kumayenera kuthandizidwa kuchipatala. Kuchira kungatenge kupitilira mwezi umodzi. Zopsa zimasiya zipsera zowawa.

Kupsa komwe kumakhudza mbali zakunja za maso kungayambitse khungu, chifukwa kumakhudzanso cornea.

Tsoka ilo, nthawi imadutsa pakati pa zochita za nthunzi ya ethereal ya hogweed pakhungu ndi mawonekedwe a khungu, pafupifupi kotala la ola, kukhudzana ndi chomera chowopsa kumapitilira ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kumawonjezeka, chifukwa chake zotsatira za kuwotcha zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. kwambiri, ngakhale kupha.

Kuwotcha kwa izo si kolimba, koma zopweteka zochepa.

Momwe mungachepetsere zotsatira za kukhudzana ndi hogweed ya Sosnovsky ikuwonetsedwa muvidiyoyi:

Chomera ndi owopsa makamaka kwa anthu ziwengo. Kukhudzana ndi izo kungayambitse odwala ziwengo, otchedwa Quincke's edema, pamene m'phuno, amene kutupa kuchokera mkati, basi salola munthu kupuma.

Chochititsa chidwi

Zambiri zoyipa zitha kunenedwa za hogweed, koma ilinso ndi mankhwala. Chomera ichi chimachita ngati

• zolimbikitsa;
• ululu wothandizira;
• antiseptic ndi anti-yotupa;
• anticonvulsant;
• antispasmodic;
• antipruritic.

The sipekitiramu achire zochita za zomera ndithu lonse. Kuchokera pa izo, mankhwala othandiza apangidwa pofuna kuchiza matenda ambiri.

Institute of Biology of the Republic of Komi idalandira chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera kuchokera ku hogweed ya Sosnovsky kupondereza salmonella, ndipo Sukhanov AI akufuna kuchitira psoriasis ndi tincture wa chomera ichi, adalandiranso chilolezo cha njirayi.

Hogweed Sosnowski, ataphunzira mwatsatanetsatane, adawonetsanso zinthu zina zothandiza.

Ubwino wa hogweed Sosnovsky

• Ataphunzira zomera zapachaka, asayansi AI Sigaev ndi PV Musikhin adapeza kuti mapangidwe awo ndi mawonekedwe awo ali pafupi ndi mabango. Asayansi anakwanitsa kupeza fibrous theka-yomaliza mankhwala okhala ndi mapadi. Iwo amatha pang'ono m'malo matabwa zipangizo kupanga ma CD gulu.
• Maphunziro opambana adachitika kuti apeze bioethanol kuchokera ku hogweed, yomwe ndi biofuel.
• Pogwiritsa ntchito hogweed ya Sosnowski ngati chakudya chamagulu, sikuti zonse zimamveka bwino. Hogweed ya Sosnovsky imakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya chamagulu, koma ndi zoletsedwa zina. Silage yochokera ku chomerachi, yosakanikirana ndi mbewu zina zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, imatha kudyetsedwa kwa nyama zomwe sizikufuna kutulutsa ana ndi mkaka: ng'ombe, ng'ombe, ng'ombe zonenepa. Popeza ma furocoumarins amapezekanso mu hogweed silage, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa. Pang'onopang'ono, zinthu izi zimachulukitsa zokolola za nyama, mulingo waukulu zimakhala poizoni.

Zochititsa chidwi: pali njira zachilendo zogwiritsira ntchito hogweed, mwachitsanzo, ngati chida choimbira kapena zinthu zotetezera mitengo yaing'ono ku mbewa.

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa chandelier chopangidwa ndi hogweed ya Sosnowski.

Njira zothetsera ng'ombe ya Sosnovsky parsnip

Komabe, kuvulaza kwake ndikwambiri kuposa zabwino. Kufalikira kwa mbewu yapoizoniyi kumadetsa nkhawa anthu m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Nkhani yolimbana nayo ikuganiziridwa paboma, m’maiko ambiri muli kale mapologalamu a boma omwe cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa vuto la chilengedwe. Chiwerengero cha zomera za hogweed chikukula nthawi zonse, zimatenga madera atsopano, kupondereza zomera zakutchire ndi zolimidwa zomwe zimamera pafupi.

Kodi ndizotheka kulimbana naye? Zochitika m'mayiko osiyanasiyana zimasonyeza kuti n'zotheka, ndipo ndithu bwinobwino. Pali njira zothandizira kuthana ndi udzu waukuluwu womwe ungathandize kuchotsa gawo la dziko lathu la hogweed, ndikulisiya ndi malo ake oyambirira.

Zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika kuti muchepetse parsnip ya ng'ombe

• Herbicide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito motsutsana ndi hogweed ya Sosnovsky. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi Roundup. Kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 360 g/l. Zomera ziyenera kukonzedwa kangapo pa nyengo. Mkhalidwe waukulu ndi kuchuluka kwa chonyowa masamba osachepera 70%. Njira iliyonse yothetsera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito: sprayer, burashi ya utoto. The kwambiri zotsatira anaona pamene chomera ankachitira mu gawo la tsamba regrowth. Kukonza kwa zomera kumachitika mu suti yoteteza mankhwala.
• Zochita zaulimi. Kutchetcha udzu wa Hercules kumakhudza kokha kulima kotsatira, kubwereza mobwerezabwereza ndikukhazikitsa malowo ndi udzu osatha kapena kubzala mbatata. Ndikosatheka kutchetcha parsnip ya ng'ombe ndi scythe kapena chodulira, chifukwa tizigawo tating'ono ta mbewu timatha kulowa m'malo osatetezedwa.
• Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa geotextile ndikotheka ngati yokutidwa ndi nthaka kuchokera pamwamba ndi wosanjikiza osachepera 5 cm ndikufesedwa ndi udzu wa udzu. Geotextiles amayikidwa pa zomera zowonongeka.

  

• Kugwiritsa ntchito filimu yakuda. Filimu yakuda imayikidwa pamtunda wotsetsereka wa dziko lapansi ndikukanikizidwa bwino. M'nyengo yotsatira, malowo ayenera kufesedwa ndi udzu kapena mbewu zomwe zimafunikira kumasula pafupipafupi.

Njira zowongolera zomwe sizigwira ntchito

• Normal bevelling.
• Kudula ndi kuchotsa ma rhizomes.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu zakuda zopanda nsalu.

Hogweed Sosnovsky ali ndi wachibale yemwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'dziko lathu lonse, osati chomera chakupha, koma chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya - Siberian hogweed kapena gulu. Mitundu iwiriyi ndi yosiyana pang'ono. Siberian hogweed ndi yaying'ono kuposa inzake, simakula kuposa 1,8 m. Palinso kusiyana kwina: masamba a mitolo amaphwanyidwa kwambiri, nthambi za tsinde pamwamba ndipo zimakhala zofiira kwambiri kuposa za hogweed ya Sosnovsky.

Palinso kusiyana kwa inflorescences ndi maluwa awo. Maluwawo ali ndi masamba obiriwira achikasu, ndipo kuwala kwa maambulera amtundu wa inflorescence ndi pubescent. Siberian hogweed imatulutsa kafungo kakang'ono komwe kamangokhalako.

Palinso kusiyana komwe kumakhala zomera izi: Hogweed ya Sosnovsky imakonda dothi lonyowa, koma kuthirira madzi kumamupha, ndipo mnzake wa ku Siberia amakula bwino m'malo otsetsereka, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mitsinje - kumene dothi limakhala lonyowa. Mutha kukumana naye m'nkhalango zochepa.

Mtundu uwu wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Izi zikuwonetsedwanso ndi mayina ambiri am'deralo: hogweed, sorelo wakutchire, borscht. Mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba amadyedwa, decoction yomwe imanunkhira ngati bowa. Masamba amaikidwa mu saladi, ndipo ma petioles awo amawotchedwa. Kuchokera ku chomeracho, caviar imapezeka, yomwe imakonda ngati biringanya.

Unyinji wobiriwira wa hogweed waku Siberia umadyedwa mosavuta ndi ziweto.

Kutsiliza

Mu chilengedwe, pali lamulo la kufanana kwa zamoyo. Kuphwanya kwake chifukwa cha machitidwe olakwika aumunthu pokhudzana ndi nyama kapena zomera kumabweretsa masoka achilengedwe. Pali zitsanzo zambiri za izi. Zinachitikanso ndi parsnip ya ng'ombe ya Sosnowski. Ndipo ngati nthawi ina idalowetsedwa mu chikhalidwe mosaganizira, tsopano akuyeseranso kuwononga. Mwinamwake, ataphunzira mwatsatanetsatane za hogweed ya Sosnovsky, anthu adzadzuka ndikuyamba kuswana zomwe zikuwononga kwambiri lero.