Kubzala ndi kusamalira sipinachi kutchire: malamulo akuluakulu

Tikufika

Musanabzale sipinachi, muyenera kukonza nthaka. Kucha kwa masamba a sipinachi kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri, chifukwa chake feteleza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa ayenera kukhala achangu. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, tikulimbikitsidwa kumwaza granular urea pa chisanu. Pambuyo pake, musanafese mbewu pansi, muyenera kuwonjezera humus pang'ono. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti masamba a sipinachi amasonkhanitsa nitrate bwino, choncho feteleza wa nayitrogeni sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito masika.

Ndikoyenera kukonzekera dothi lokulitsa sipinachi mu kugwa, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chothirira feteleza ndi nayitrogeni. Dera lomwe mbewuyo ikuyenera kubzalidwa liyenera kukumbidwa ndikuyika m'nthaka feteleza wambiri wa organic ndi mineral: kompositi, humus, kusakaniza kwa phosphorous-potaziyamu, monga lamulo, zosakaniza zovuta nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa michere. nayitrogeni. Ndiye m'chaka amakhala yekha kumasula dziko m'munda, ndipo mukhoza kubzala sipinachi.

Kulima chikhalidwe ndi bwino lotayirira michere nthaka. mpweya wabwino ndi chinyezi permeability ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu cha yogwira kukula kwa greenery. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndi dothi lamchenga lokhala ndi acidity yopanda ndale. M'dothi lolemera, ladongo, lokhuthala, sipinachi sayenera kubzalidwa, chifukwa izi zidzafuna chisamaliro chochuluka cha zomera, ndipo mwayi wokolola bwino ndi wotsika kwambiri.

Kenako, muyenera kusamalira kukonzekera mbewu. Mbeu za sipinachi zimakhala ndi chipolopolo chowoneka bwino, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zilowerere m'madzi ofunda kwa tsiku limodzi, ndikuziyika mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate kwa maola angapo, ndipo pambuyo pake zikhoza kubzalidwa poyera. Pali mitundu ina ya sipinachi, monga New Zealand, Victoria, Corenta, yomwe njere zake sizimamera mwachangu - kuviika kwa mitundu iyi kumafuna nthawi yayitali (mpaka masiku awiri), komanso kugwiritsa ntchito biostimulants.

Kubzala mbewu pamalo otseguka kumatha kuchitika kuchokera ku mbewu komanso mbande. Komabe, njira yobzala mbande sizodziwika kwambiri, chifukwa mbewu zazing'ono zimakhala ndi mizu yofooka ndipo sizimamera bwino pansi. Ndizomveka kubzala mitundu yokonda kutentha yokha (Matador, New Zealand) ya mbande, zomwe siziyenera kubzala m'nthaka kumayambiriro kwa masika.

Kuti mubzale mbewu m'dziko pamalo otseguka, muyenera kupanga mizere yosaya yautali uliwonse m'nthaka yokonzedwa pamtunda wa 15-20 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Kenako, kuthira madzi pamizere ndikubzalamo mbewu, osabzala m'nthaka osapitilira 1,5-2 cm. Sipinachi sichimazizira kwambiri, koma ngati kubzala kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, ndi bwino kusewera motetezeka ndikuphimba bedi m'munda ndi filimu - izi sizidzateteza njere ku kuzizira, komanso kufulumizitsa kumera kwawo. Kuchokera ku mbewu zokonzedwa bwino, mbande zimawonekera m'masiku 5-7.

Anthu okhala mumzinda, komanso ma gourmets omwe akufuna kupeza masamba a vitamini chaka chonse, amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi funso: momwe mungakulire sipinachi pawindo la nyumba yanu, ndipo zomera ziyenera kukhala zotani? Kukula zobiriwira kunyumba pa khonde kapena pawindo sikovuta kuposa kubzala m'dziko. Choyamba muyenera kukonzekera chidebe ndi nthaka osakaniza.

Kunyumba, mutha kubzala sipinachi ndi njere mumphika wamaluwa wa 1 lita, kapena chidebe cha pulasitiki chokhala ndi mabowo pansi, pomwe mutha kudumphiramo mbewu mumtsuko wina. Pansi pa mphika (chotengera) ndikofunikira kuyika ngalande, popeza sipinachi imakonda chinyezi kwambiri, koma madzi osasunthika ndi owopsa kwa iwo.

Kusakaniza kwa dothi pakukula mbewu kunyumba kumatha kukonzedwa kuchokera ku gawo limodzi la mchenga, magawo awiri a turf ndi humus wofanana, kapena gwiritsani ntchito gawo lapansi lomwe lili ndi gawo limodzi la biohumus ndi magawo awiri a coconut fiber. Kubzala mbewu kumachitika mozama 1-2 cm, chidebecho chimakutidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi mpaka kumera. Kunyumba, monga lamulo, mpweya umakhala wouma kwambiri komanso wofunda kwambiri, ndipo zomera zimafunika kutentha kwa 1-2 ° C kuti zikule bwino, kotero muyenera kusamalira kulenga zinthu zoterezi pasadakhale.

Kanema "Zonse zakukula sipinachi"

Kanema wachiwonetsero wokhala ndi malangizo ndi chidziwitso chakukula sipinachi.

Zosiyanasiyana za kukula

Sipinachi sifunikira chisamaliro chapadera ndi mikhalidwe, chifukwa ndi mbewu yakucha komanso yonyozeka, komabe, pali mfundo ndi mawonekedwe, poganizira zomwe mungachite kuti kulima masamba opindulitsa kukhale kopambana komanso kopatsa zipatso zambiri:

• mbatata, radishes, nyemba, nkhaka, zukini, tomato amaonedwa kuti ndi otsogola kwambiri a sipinachi, kuwonjezera apo, simuyenera kubzala mbewu kwa zaka zoposa 3 pamalo amodzi;

• chiwembu chodzala mbewu chiyenera kukhala choyera (odziwa wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kubzala sipinachi paphiri laling'ono), koma m'nyengo yotentha mbewuyo imamva bwino ngakhale mumthunzi;

• zomera za sipinachi sizitha kupitirira miyezi iwiri - kuti mukhale ndi masamba athanzi nthawi yonseyi, ndibwino kuti mubzale mbeu m'dziko mu magawo angapo ndi nthawi ya masabata awiri;

• Mutha kubzala mbewu pamalo otseguka osati masika, komanso m'dzinja - ngati mbewu zabzalidwa kumapeto kwa Ogasiti - Seputembala, ndiye kuti masamba atsopano adzawoneka koyambirira kwa kasupe, ndipo mbewu za overwintered zitha kukhala zamphamvu komanso zokolola kuchokera kwa iwo. zidzakhala zabwinoko;

• zomera sizimakula bwino m'nthaka ya asidi - acidity imatha kuchepetsedwa powonjezera laimu, choko, ufa wa dolomite;

• kuti atalikitse nyengo yakukula kwa sipinachi, alimi odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kudula nsonga za mphukira za zomera zazikulu - izi zimathandizira kupanga masamba atsopano ndikulepheretsa kuoneka kwa mivi yokhala ndi ma peduncles.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kulima kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sipinachi kuli ndi makhalidwe ake. Nthawi zambiri palibe zovuta ndi mitundu yakucha koyambirira, monga Gigantic, Godri, ndi wosakanizidwa wodziwika tsopano Matador amameranso bwino. Koma, mwachitsanzo, sipinachi ya New Zealand ndiyofunikira kwambiri pamikhalidwe. Choyamba, kubzala kwa mitundu ya New Zealand pamalo otseguka kuyenera kuchitika kokha kuchokera ku mbande, chifukwa chikhalidwecho chimakhala chotentha kwambiri. Kachiwiri, mbewu zamtunduwu zimamera bwino kwambiri, ndipo munthu sangachite popanda cholimbikitsa kukula.

Komabe, okondedwa ndi ambiri, sipinachi ya ku New Zealand imakhalanso ndi ubwino wina: chifukwa cha zomera zobiriwira, zomera zazikulu zimalepheretsa kukula kwa namsongole, kotero sizikusowa kupalira, ndipo kuwonjezera pa izi, mitundu ya New Zealand simaphuka komanso sichitha. ponya mivi pa nthawi ya chilala, monga momwe zimachitira zamoyo zina. Kukula chikhalidwe kunyumba kumakhalanso ndi makhalidwe ake. Ngati mbewu zabzalidwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti mbewuzo sizikhala ndi kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa ndipo kudzafunikanso kuwunikira kwina. Poganizira kuti m'nyumba zimakhala zotentha komanso zowuma, ndipo sipinachi ndi chomera chokonda chinyezi, muyenera kuyang'anira chinyezi cha nthaka ndikupopera masamba nthawi zonse.

Chisamaliro

Kusamalira sipinachi kutchire kumakhala kupalira ndi kuthirira kwake. Kupalira koyamba kumachitika masamba awiri oyamba atangoyamba kuwonekera pamitengo - panthawiyi, bedi liyenera kuchepetsedwa, kusiya mphukira zamphamvu kwambiri pamtunda wa 10-15 cm. Pa nthawi yomweyo, namsongole ayenera kuchotsedwa ndipo timipata tiyenera kumasuka. Kusamaliranso chikhalidwe kumaphatikizaponso 3-4 Kupalira.

Muyenera kuthirira bedi nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chilala chimayambitsa kufota kwa tchire ndikusiya kukula kwa misa yobiriwira, koma mbewu siziyenera kusefukira. Sipinachi amathiridwa feteleza pokhapokha atamera m'nthaka yopanda mphamvu - feteleza omwe amaikidwa panthawi yolima nthaka ndi okwanira pa nthaka yachonde. Masamba a sipinachi, omwe amabzalidwa kunyumba mumphika, amafunikira chisamaliro chochepa: kuthirira pafupipafupi, kumasula, ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa masamba. Zomera m'nyumba zimafunikira masana ambiri, koma chinyezi chiyenera kukhala chokwanira.

Sipinachi kawirikawiri amadwala, koma maonekedwe a powdery mildew ndi zowola pa masamba si kuchotsedwa. Pankhaniyi, chisamaliro chimakhala kuchotsa zomera matenda m'munda, chifukwa ndi osafunika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala wothandizila chikhalidwe.

Kututa

Amayamba kutolera sipinachi pamene masamba 5-8 akukula mumsika. Pamitundu iliyonse, nthawiyi imayamba nthawi zosiyanasiyana: mitundu yoyambirira yakucha (Godry, Giant) imacha m'masiku 18-25 kuyambira tsiku lobzala, mitundu yochedwa komanso yakucha (Victoria, New Zealand) yakonzeka kukolola mu 6- 8 masabata. Ngakhale sipinachi ya New Zealand itabzalidwa kuchokera ku mbande, zokolola zoyamba sizingatengedwe pasanathe mwezi umodzi, kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe mutabzala mbewu zimakula pang'onopang'ono.

Mukasonkhanitsa masamba, muyenera kung'amba masamba akunja mosamala, ndikusiya pakati pa malo otulutsiramo. Ndi bwino kukolola m'mawa mame atauma, kapena madzulo asanawoneke - masamba ayenera kukhala owuma, chifukwa masamba onyowa amawola mofulumira. Nthawi yokolola imatengera momwe masamba amadulidwira komanso momwe dimba limasamalirira bwino. Mulimonsemo, sipinachi imakololedwa pokhapokha maluwa asanayambe kuphuka.

Kusungirako sipinachi

Pali njira zingapo zosungira sipinachi. Kuti asungidwe kwakanthawi kochepa, amadyera amakulungidwa mu polyethylene kapena nsalu yonyowa ndikuyikidwa mufiriji, pomwe masamba ayenera kukhala owuma, chifukwa chonyowa chimawola mwachangu. Pa kutentha kuchokera ku 0 mpaka +1 ° C, masamba a sipinachi amasungidwa kwa masiku 10.

Kuti zisungidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, sipinachi imawumitsidwa, yowumitsidwa, ndikuyika zamzitini. Kwa kuzizira, zitsamba zonse zatsopano ndi blanched, kapena zodulidwa ku puree state ndizoyenera. Kuti aziundana zitsamba zatsopano, masambawo ayenera kutsukidwa, zowumitsidwa, kenako kudula, kuikidwa m'thumba kapena chidebe, ndikuyika mufiriji. Zomwezo zikhoza kuchitika ndi sipinachi ya blanched.

Kwa kuyanika, masamba amakonzedwa mofanana ndi kuzizira, amangofalikira pamapepala kapena pepala lophika, amaikidwa pamalo owuma, amdima, kumene kuyanika kumachitika. Amayi ambiri apakhomo amapeza njira yotuta monga kuthira mchere kapena kuika m’zitini. Pazochitika zonsezi, sipinachi imakhalabe ndi mtundu wobiriwira komanso wopindulitsa.

Video "Zinyengo zobzala sipinachi"

Kanema wodziwitsa ndi malangizo othandiza kubzala masamba.