Chaka chapitacho, chiphalaphala chimayenda kuchokera kuphiri lophulika la Kilauea, chiphalaphala, chotchinga misewu ndikudutsa m'minda ya ku Hawaii. Kenako anafika kunyanja, kumene chiphalaphala chotentha chinakumana ndi madzi ozizira a m’nyanja ndipo chinaswa magalasi ting’onoting’ono ndi zinyalala, n’kupanga mchenga.
Umu ndi momwe magombe atsopano anawonekera, monga Pohoiki, gombe la mchenga wakuda lomwe limatalika mamita 1000 pachilumba Chachikulu cha Hawaii. Asayansi omwe akufufuza malowa sakutsimikiza ngati gombe linapangidwa mwamsanga pambuyo pa kuphulika kwa phala la May 2018 kapena ngati linapanga pang'onopang'ono pamene chiphalacho chinayamba kuzizira mu August, koma zomwe akudziwa motsimikiza pambuyo pofufuza zitsanzo zomwe zatengedwa kuchokera ku gombe lobadwa kumene ndilokuti zakhala kale. zoipitsidwa ndi tiziduswa ting'onoting'ono ta pulasitiki.
Pohoiki Beach ndi umboni winanso wosonyeza kuti pulasitiki ikupezeka paliponse masiku ano, ngakhale pamagombe omwe amawoneka oyera komanso oyera.
Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tosakwana mamilimita asanu mu kukula kwake ndipo sikulirapo kuposa mchenga. Kwa maso amaliseche, Pohoiki beach ikuwoneka yosakhudzidwa.
“N’zodabwitsa,” akutero Nick Vanderzeel, wophunzira wa pa yunivesite ya Hawaii ku Hilo amene anapeza pulasitikiyo m’mphepete mwa nyanja.
Vanderzeal adawona gombeli ngati mwayi wophunzira ma depositi atsopano omwe mwina sanakhudzidwe ndi chikoka cha anthu. Anasonkhanitsa zitsanzo 12 kuchokera kumalo osiyanasiyana pamphepete mwa nyanja. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya zinc chloride, yomwe ndi yowirira kwambiri kuposa pulasitiki komanso yocheperako poyerekeza ndi mchenga, anatha kulekanitsa tinthu tating’ono ting’ono—pulasitikiyo inkayandama pamwamba pomwe mchengawo ukumira.
Zinapezeka kuti, pa avareji, pa ma gramu 50 aliwonse a mchenga, pali zidutswa 21 za pulasitiki. Zambiri mwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tapulasitiki ndi ma microfibres, tsitsi labwino lomwe limatulutsidwa kuchokera ku nsalu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri monga poliyesitala kapena nayiloni, Vanderzeel akuti. Amaloŵa m’nyanjamo kudzera m’chimbudzi chochapitsidwa ndi makina ochapira, kapena kulekana ndi zovala za anthu osambira m’nyanja.
Wofufuza Stephen Colbert, katswiri wa zamoyo zam'madzi komanso mlangizi wamaphunziro a Vanderzeal, akuti pulasitikiyo imakokoloka ndi mafunde ndikusiyidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndikusakanikirana ndi mchenga wabwino kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi zitsanzo zotengedwa ku magombe ena awiri oyandikana nawo omwe sanapangidwe ndi mapiri, Pohoiki Beach pakadali pano ili ndi pulasitiki yocheperako ka 2.
Vanderzeel ndi Colbert akukonzekera kuyang'anitsitsa zomwe zikuchitika ku Pohoyki Beach kuti awone ngati kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki pa iyo kukuchulukira kapena kukhalabe chimodzimodzi.
"Ndikadapanda kupeza pulasitiki iyi," akutero Colbert ponena za ma microplastic omwe ali mu zitsanzo za Vanderzeal, "koma sitinadabwe ndi zomwe anapezazi."
"Pali malingaliro achikondi okhudza gombe lakutali lakutali, loyera komanso losakhudzidwa," akutero Colbert. Gombe ngati ili kulibenso.
Mapulasitiki, kuphatikizapo microplastics, akupita kumphepete mwa magombe akutali kwambiri padziko lapansi omwe palibe munthu amene adapondapo.
Asayansi nthawi zambiri amayerekezera momwe nyanja ilili panopa ndi supu yapulasitiki. Tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono timakhala mvula yamchere.
Sizikudziwikabe kuti kuchulukitsitsa kwa pulasitiki kumeneku kudzakhudza bwanji zamoyo zam'madzi, koma asayansi akuganiza kuti zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowopsa ku nyama zakuthengo komanso thanzi la anthu. Kangapo, nyama zazikulu zam'madzi monga anamgumi zatsuka kumtunda ndi milu ya pulasitiki m'matumbo mwawo. Posachedwapa, asayansi apeza kuti nsomba zimameza tinthu tating'onoting'ono m'masiku oyamba amoyo.
Mosiyana ndi zinthu zazikulu zapulasitiki monga zikwama ndi udzu zomwe zimatha kutengedwa ndikuponyedwa mu zinyalala, ma microplastic onse ndi ochuluka komanso osawoneka ndi maso. Kafukufuku wina waposachedwapa anasonyeza kuti mapulasitiki mamiliyoni ambiri amakhalabe m’mphepete mwa nyanja ngakhale atatsuka.
Magulu oteteza zachilengedwe monga Hawaiian Wildlife Foundation agwirizana ndi mayunivesite kuti apange oyeretsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe amakhala ngati vacuum, kuyamwa mchenga ndikulekanitsa ma microplastics. Koma kulemera ndi mtengo wa makina oterowo, ndi kuvulaza kumene amadzetsa kwa moyo waung’ono kwambiri m’mphepete mwa nyanja, kumatanthauza kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha kuyeretsa magombe oipitsidwa kwambiri.
Ngakhale kuti Pohoiki yadzaza kale ndi pulasitiki, idakali ndi njira yayitali kuti ipitirire kupikisana ndi malo monga "gombe la zinyalala" lotchuka ku Hawaii.
Vanderzeel akuyembekeza kubwerera ku Pokhoiki chaka chamawa kuti awone ngati gombe lidzasintha ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wanji, koma Colbert akuti kafukufuku wake woyambirira amasonyeza kale kuti kuwonongeka kwa nyanja kukuchitika nthawi yomweyo.