Prevention

- Kuperewera kwa ayodini kuyenera kupewedwa, chifukwa ndizomwe zimayambitsa matenda a chithokomiro.

- Mankhwala opangira ma radiation ndi abwino komanso osinthidwa bwino kuti apereke mlingo wochepa wofunikira pazochitika zilizonse, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya chithokomiro.

Matendawa

Dokotala choyamba amatsimikiza, mothandizidwa ndi mayesero osiyanasiyana, chikhalidwe cha nodule. Chithandizo kapena palibe chithandizo chimasankhidwa moyenerera. Zaka za m'ma 1980 zisanafike, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambirimbiri tidachotsedwa ndi opaleshoni. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, njira zodziwira matenda ndi chithandizo zakhala zikukonzedwa kuti zizigwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati pakufunika. 

Kuyeza kwachipatala

Kufufuza kwa khosi kudzatsimikizira kapena ayi kuti kutupa kumagwirizana ndi chithokomiro, fufuzani ngati ndi zowawa kapena ayi, osakwatiwa kapena angapo, olimba, olimba kapena ofewa, ndikuyang'ana kukhalapo kwa ma lymph nodes pakhosi.

Kuyeza kwachiwopsezo kumayang'ana zizindikiro za kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa chithokomiro

Dokotala adzafunsanso mankhwala omwe nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ndi munthuyo, lingaliro la mbiri ya mavuto a chithokomiro m'banja, kuwala kwa khosi paubwana, komwe kumachokera, zomwe zimayambitsa (fodya, kusowa kwa ayodini, mimba)

Kuyeza kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro 

Kuyezetsa magazi kwa hormone TSH yomwe imayang'anira kupanga mahomoni a chithokomiro kumapangitsa kuti ziwone ngati kutulutsa kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro ndi koyenera, mopitirira muyeso (hyperthyroidism) kapena osakwanira (hypothyroidism) .Mlingo wa mahomoni a chithokomiro T3 ndi T4 amangofunika ngati TSH ndi yachilendo. Timayang'ananso kukhalapo kwa anti-thyroid antibodies. Calcitonin imafunsidwa ngati mtundu wina wa khansa ukuganiziridwa, khansa ya medullary chithokomiro. 

ultrasound

Iyi ndi njira yabwino yodziwira ma nodule a chithokomiro. Zimapangitsa kuti muzitha kuwona tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 2 mm m'mimba mwake kapena kupitilira apo komanso kudziwa kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso kupezeka kwa ma multinodular goiter. Kujambula kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusiyanitsa mawonekedwe olimba, amadzimadzi kapena osakanikirana a nodule. Kutengera mawonekedwe ake ndi kukula kwake, amapereka mikangano mokomera khalidwe loipa kapena loyipa lomwe limatsogolera kufunsa kapena kusapunthwa. Amalolanso pambuyo pa chithandizo kutsatira kusinthika kwa nodule. 

Chithokomiro scan

Amangofunsidwa pamene mlingo wa hormone ya TSH uli wochepa.

Kuti tichite scintigraphy ya chithokomiro, titatenga zizindikiro za radioactive monga ayodini kapena technetium, timawona momwe ayodini amagawira mu chithokomiro.

Kuwunikaku kumatanthawuza kugwira ntchito kwa chithokomiro chonse, kumatha kuwonetsa timadontho ting'onoting'ono tomwe sikuwoneka pa palpation ndikuyang'ana ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi "chozizira" ndi chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chithokomiro, "kutentha" ndi kutulutsa kwambiri kwa mahomoni, kapena "kulowerera". kugwira ntchito.

Mphuno yotentha imakhala yabwino nthawi zonse, choncho si khansa ya priori. Tizilombo tozizira ndi khansa nthawi zambiri, ngakhale 90% akadali ofatsa.

Kubowola Ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fupa tating'onoting'ono ta fupa tating'onoting'ono ta fupa tating'onoting'ono ta fupa tating'ono tating'onoting'ono timafunsidwa ngati mawonekedwe a chipatala kapena mawonekedwe a ultrasound akuwonetsa kuipa kwa nodule. (cf. pepala) Pogwiritsa ntchito singano yabwino, dokotala amafufuza maselo a nodule kuti ayang'ane mawonekedwe awo ndikuwona chikhalidwe, chosaopsa kapena khansa, ya nodule. Zimathandizanso kuchotsa cystic nodule.

Chiwombankhangacho chidzawonjezeredwa ngati sichikugwirizana

Mayeserowa akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ndi scintigraphy ya chithokomiro, CT scan kapena MRI. Pamene chithokomiro khansa amaganiziridwa, nthawi zambiri opaleshoni alowererepo ndi histological kufufuza chotupa chimene chimachititsa kapena ayi kutsimikizira izo.

Kuchiza

Ma radioactive ayodini. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha opaleshoni ya khansa ya chithokomiro kuti awononge maselo a chithokomiro omwe sangachotsedwe ndi opaleshoni.

Iodine ya radioactive imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza ("hot") nodule zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro za hyperthyroidism. Chithandizo cha miyezi 2 mpaka 3 nthawi zambiri chimakhala chokwanira kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tithetse komanso kuti zizindikiro za hyperthyroidism zithe. Iodine imatengedwa pakamwa mu kapisozi kapena mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Chithandizochi chimayambitsa hypothyroidism yosatha pafupifupi 80% ya milandu, chifukwa ayodini wa radioactive amawononga maselo omwe amapanga mahomoni. Hypothyroidism iyi yachiwiri ku chithandizo imatha kulipidwa bwino ndi chithandizo ndi mahomoni a chithokomiro omwe amatengedwa pafupipafupi. Nthawi zina, tinatake tozungulira amathandizidwa ndi opaleshoni.

opaleshoni. Amachotsa lobe imodzi kapena chithokomiro chonse (thyroidectomy). Zimasonyezedwa pamene tinatake tozungulira ali ndi khansa kapena akuganiziridwa kuti ndi oipa, kapena ngati ali hypersecreting (kupanga kwambiri chithokomiro hormone) kapena lalikulu. Thandizo la moyo wonse la chithokomiro la chithokomiro (levothyroxine) ndilofunika nthawi zambiri. Pambuyo pake, munthu wochitidwa opaleshoniyo amamwa mahomoni ena a chithokomiro tsiku lililonse.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda popanda kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni ndipo kuchuluka kwake kosakwana ¾ cm kumawunikidwa miyezi 6 iliyonse mpaka chaka.