Zamkatimu
Flammulaster šipovatyj (Flammulaster muricatus)
- Gawo: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
- Kugawikana: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
- Kalasi: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
- Kagulu: Agaricomycetidae (Agaricomycetes)
- Dongosolo: Agaricales (Agaric kapena Lamellar)
- Banja: Inocybaceae (Fibrous)
- Flammulaster (Flammulaster)
- Type: Flammulaster muricatus (Flammulaster šipovatyj)
:
- Flammulaster yowala
- Agaricus muricatus Fr.
- Pholiota muricata (Fr.) P. Kumm.
- Dryophila muricata (Fr.) Quel.
- Naucoria muricata (Fr.) Kuehner & Romagn.
- Phaemarasmius muricatus (Fr.) Woyimba
- Flocculina muricata (Fr.) PD Orton
- Flammulaster denticulatus PD Orton
Dzina lonse la sayansi: Flammulaster muricatus (Fr.) Watling, 1967
mbiri ya taxonomic:
Mu 1818, katswiri wa mycologist wa ku Sweden, Elias Magnus Fries, anafotokoza za bowa umenewu mwasayansi, naupatsa dzina lakuti Agaricus muricatus. Pambuyo pake, Scotsman Roy Watling anasamutsa zamoyozi ku mtundu wa Flammulaster mu 1967, pambuyo pake adalandira dzina la sayansi la Flammulaster muricatus.
mutu: 4 - 20 mm m'mimba mwake, nthawi zina amatha kufika masentimita atatu. Poyamba hemispherical ndi m'mphepete yokhotakhota ndi anamva-grained chophimba pansi mbale. Thupi la fruiting likamakula, limakhala lopindikira-pendekeka ndi kachubu kakang'ono, kooneka bwino. Red-bulauni, bulauni, mu nyengo youma ocher-bulauni, kuwala bulauni, kenako ndi dzimbiri tint. Ndi matte osagwirizana, omveka, ophimbidwa ndi wandiweyani, owongoka, mamba a warty. Mphepete mwa mphonje. Mtundu wa mamba ndi wofanana ndi pamwamba pa kapu, kapena mdima.
Mamba omwe akulendewera m'mphepete amawaika m'magulu atatu, kupanga zotsatira za nyenyezi yamitundu yambiri.
kapu zamkati woonda, wofooka, wachikasu-bulauni.
mwendo: 3-4 masentimita m'litali ndi 0,3-0,5 masentimita m'mimba mwake, cylindrical, dzenje, zokulirapo pang'ono m'munsi, nthawi zambiri zokhotakhota. Nthawi zambiri mwendo umakutidwa ndi mamba a lalanje-bulauni, opindika. Pansi ndi mdima. Kumtunda kwa tsinde, nthawi zambiri, pali annular zone, pamwamba pake pamwamba pake ndi yosalala, popanda mamba.
Zamkati mwa mwendo fibrous, bulauni.
Records: adnate ndi dzino, sing'anga pafupipafupi, ndi kuwala chikasu chikasu m'mphepete, matte, ndi mbale zambiri. Bowa achichepere amakhala ndi mtundu wopepuka wa ocher, amatembenukira bulauni ndi zaka, nthawi zina ndi utoto wa azitona, kenako ndi mawanga a dzimbiri.
Futa: m'malo ena pali fungo lochepa kwambiri la pelargonium (chipinda cha geranium). Magwero ena amasonyeza kuti fungo ndilosowa.
Kukumana osati kufotokoza, kungakhale kowawa.
Ma Microscopy:
Spores: 5,8-7,0 × 3,4-4,3 µm; Km = 1,6. Mipanda yokhuthala, ellipsoidal kapena ovoid pang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina imakhala yosalala pang'ono mbali imodzi, yosalala, yachikasu yachikasu, yokhala ndi pore yowoneka bwino.
Basidia: 17–32 × 7–10 µm, zazifupi, zooneka ngati chibonga. Anayi spored, kawirikawiri awiri spored.
Ma cysts: 30-70 × 4-9 µm, cylindrical, owongoka kapena sinuous, opanda mtundu kapena okhala ndi zofiirira zachikasu.
Pileipellis: imakhala ndi zinthu zozungulira, zowoneka ngati peyala 35 - 50 ma microns, okhala ndi zopindika zofiirira.
spore powder: bulauni wa dzimbiri.
Spiny Flammulaster ndi bowa wa saprotrophic. Imakula m'magulu ang'onoang'ono pamitengo yolimba: beech, birch, alder, aspen. Amapezekanso pa khungwa, utuchi, ngakhale pa mitengo ikuluikulu yamoyo.
Malo omwe amawakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango zophukiranso zokhala ndi matabwa ambiri.
Zipatso kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala (kwambiri mu Julayi ndi theka lachiwiri la Ogasiti).
Bowa osowa kwambiri.
Flammulaster muricatus imapezeka m'madera ambiri apakati ndi kum'mwera kwa Ulaya, komanso kum'mwera kwa Britain ndi Ireland. Ku Western Siberia olembedwa Tomsk ndi Novosibirsk zigawo ndi Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
Zosowa kwambiri ku North America. Zomwe zapezeka ku Hocking Forest Reserve, Ohio, California, ndi kumwera kwa Alaska.
Ndipo amapezekanso ku East Africa (Kenya).
Ikuphatikizidwa mu Red List of macromycetes: Czech Republic m'gulu la EN - zamoyo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha ndi Switzerland m'gulu la VU - osatetezeka.
Zosadziwika. Palibe chidziwitso cha toxicological chomwe chinanenedwa m'mabuku asayansi.
Komabe, bowa ndi wosowa kwambiri komanso wochepa kwambiri kuti usakhale wokonda zophikira. Ndi bwino kuziganizira inedible.
Flammulaster beveled (Flammulaster limulatus)
Bowa laling'onoli limapezeka m'nkhalango zamthunzi pamitengo yovunda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofanana ndi Flammulaster muricatus. Amafanananso kukula kwake. Komanso, onse awiri amaphimbidwa ndi mamba. Komabe, mamba a Flammulaster spiny ndi okulirapo komanso akuda. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kukhalapo kwa mphonje m'mphepete mwa kapu ya Spiky Flammulaster, pamene Slanted Flammulaster amachita popanda izo.
Kuphatikiza apo, Flammulaster limulatus sanunkhiza geranium kapena radish, zomwe zitha kuganiziridwanso kuti pali kusiyana kwina pakati pa bowa awiriwa.
Common flake (Pholiota squarrosa)
Kunja, Flammulaster ndi prickly, ali wamng'ono akhoza kulakwitsa ndi scaly yaing'ono. Liwu lofunikira apa ndi "laling'ono", ndipo ndiko kusiyana kwake. Ngakhale kunja amafanana kwambiri, Pholiota squarrosa ndi bowa wokhala ndi matupi akuluakulu obala zipatso, ngakhale ana aang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, amakula m'magulu, pomwe Flammulaster ndi bowa limodzi.
Phaemarasmius erinaceus (Phaemarasmius erinaceus)
Bowa uyu ndi saprotroph pamitengo yakufa, makamaka misondodzi. Pofotokoza za Theomarasmius, ma macrofeatures omwewo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati Flammulaster prickly: kapu yofiyira-bulauni ya semicircular yokutidwa ndi mamba okhala ndi m'mphepete mwake, phesi la scaly lomwe lili ndi annular zone pamwamba pomwe ndi yosalala. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, n’zovuta kufotokoza kusiyana kwa mitundu imeneyi.
Komabe, ngati muyang’anitsitsa, mukhoza kuona kusiyana kwake. Choyamba, Phaemarasmius erinaceus ndi bowa wocheperako kuposa Flammulaster muricatus. Kawirikawiri osapitirira centimita. Mamba pa tsinde ndi ang'onoang'ono, omveka, osati ozungulira, monga Flammulaster. Imasiyanitsidwanso ndi zamkati wandiweyani wa rubbery komanso kusowa kwa fungo ndi kukoma.
Chithunzi: Sergey.