Kulembetsa kwa Quadcopter mu 2022 M'dziko Lathu
Nthawi ya ndege yaulere ya drones m'dziko Lathu inatha mu Seputembala 2019. Momwe osaphwanya lamulo kwa okonda ma drone osapeza chindapusa chachikulu - amamvetsetsa "KP"

Quadcopter Registration Law

Lankhulani za kufunikira kolembetsa ma drones apakhomo ndi a semi-professional m'dziko Lathu adayamba mu 2016. Monga oyambitsa biliyo akufotokozera, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha ndege. Eni ambiri a copters amayembekeza kuti sizingafike ku izi, koma lamulolo linaperekedwa. Choncho, mu May 2019, boma la Federation linavomereza Lamulo la 658, lomwe linakhazikitsa malamulo olembetsa ma drones. Malinga ndi izi, kuyambira pa Seputembara 27, 2019, zida zotere ziyenera kulembetsedwa ndi Federal Air Transport Agency.

Mtengo wolembetsa quadcopter

Mpaka pano, kulembetsa quadrocopter m'dziko lathu ndi kwaulere. Mwiniwakeyo angoyenera kulipira potumiza kalata yofunsira kulembetsa ndi Federal Air Transport Agency kudzera pa Post. Mu 2022, pempho litha kutumizidwa kudzera pa State Services portal. Chonde dziwani kuti, molingana ndi Malamulo olembetsa ma copter, mafomu olembetsa ma UAV otumizidwa ndi imelo kapena kudzera pagulu la Federal Air Transport Agency saganiziridwa.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Ndi ma drones ati omwe ali oyenera kulembetsa?

M'dziko Lathu, ma drones onse omwe amalemera kuyambira 250 g mpaka 30 kg. Ngati mutenga manja anu pa chipangizo chomwe chimatengedwa ngati chidole komanso chopanda kamera, zofunikira za Resolution No. 658 zimagwiranso ntchito kwa izo.

Kodi mungayambe bwanji kalembera?

Mosavuta. Muyenera kulembetsa ku Federal Air Transport Agency (FAVT). Itha kutumizidwa ngati pepala ndi Post kapena pakompyuta pogwiritsa ntchito Unified Public Services Portal. Ntchitoyi ndi yaulere kwathunthu.

Ndi chiyani kwenikweni chomwe chiyenera kuphatikizidwa muzofunsira?

Choyamba, tengani ndikuyika chithunzi chowoneka bwino cha drone ku pulogalamu yanu. Chachiwiri, perekani mwatsatanetsatane za drone. Chachitatu, ngati chipangizocho ndi chosawerengeka, onetsani dzina lonse la wopanga. Ngati uwu ndi msonkhano wa DIY, muyenera kuwonetsa zambiri za wopanga yemwe adapanga izi. Pomaliza, mwiniwakeyo amayenera kupereka zambiri za iye, mosasamala kanthu za munthu, bungwe lalamulo kapena wochita bizinesi payekha.

Ntchito yatha ndipo kulembetsa kwalowa.

Musanawulutse ndege kwa nthawi yoyamba, lembani nambala yolembera pathupi la chipangizocho. Iyenera kukhala yovomerezeka, yopanda zolakwika komanso yopangidwa m'njira yoti ikhale yovomerezeka ngati zomata zawonongeka.

Ndikufuna kugulitsa copter. Zoyenera kuchita ndi kulembetsa?

Pankhaniyi, muyenera kutumiza pulogalamu yatsopano ku Federal Air Transport Agency. Zimasonyeza chifukwa cha kusintha kwa umwini ndi chidziwitso chonse chokhudza wogulitsa ndi wogula. Njira zonsezi zimaperekedwanso masiku 10.

Drone yanga yathyoka kapena kubedwa. Kukhala bwanji?

Ngati drone yatayika kapena kuwonongedwa, muyenera kulemba pempho ku bungwe kuti liletse kulembetsa. Muyenera kufotokoza zonse za UAV, zambiri za eni ake komanso chifukwa chochotsera nambala ya akaunti. Muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yotumiza kalata mkati mwa masiku awiri ogwira ntchito pambuyo pa chochitikacho.

Kodi ndege yolembetsedwa yolembetsedwa ingawululidwe kuti?

Malinga ndi malamulo apano, ndege za drone zimangololedwa kunja kwa madera okhala anthu, kutali ndi ma eyapoti, mabwalo a ndege ankhondo ndi malo ena omwe ali ndi ulamuliro wapadera wowongolera ndege. Magawo oletsedwa amatha kuwoneka bwino apa. Kuti muwuluke m'malo oterowo, muyenera kupeza chilolezo chapadera chapaulendo kuchokera kwa maboma am'deralo, FSB yachigawo ndi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi udindo woyang'anira kayendetsedwe ka ndege.

Tiyerekeze kuti sindinalembetse, koma ndimagwiritsa ntchito quadcopter. Chikhala chiyani kwa ine?

Masiku ano, chindapusa chowulutsa chipangizo popanda nambala ya akaunti chikhoza kufika ma ruble 2. Koma posachedwapa akhoza kwambiri kuchuluka. Koma si zokhazo. Kuwulutsa drone kudera loletsedwa kungawononge mwini wake wa quadrocopter yolembetsedwa 20-300 rubles.

Kodi ndikufunika kulembetsa katundu ndi Aliexpress

Mwamtheradi magalimoto onse opanda ndege olemera kuchokera ku 658 g mpaka 250 kg amagwera pansi pa Lamulo No. 30. Malo kapena msika kumene copter inagulidwa zilibe kanthu. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale kusowa kwa kamera m'bwalo chipangizocho sichimamasulidwa kulembetsa kovomerezeka. Malinga ndi malamulowa, mwiniwakeyo amayenera kutumiza pempho lolembetsa ku dipatimenti yoyenera mkati mwa masiku 10 ogwira ntchito atagula drone kapena kulowetsa m'gawo la Federation. Ngati drone yanu, yolamulidwa mu kukula kwa China, imalemera zosakwana 250 g, ndiye kuti simuyenera kulembetsa mwana woteroyo.

Zilango zidzakhala zotani

Ngati pali lamulo, ndiye kuti pali zilango zakusatsatira. Zowona, palibe zilango zapadera zophwanya malamulo olembetsa ma UAV, koma Code of Administrative Offences imapereka udindo wophwanya malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito ndege. Pankhaniyi, kuchira kumatha kufika 2 zikwi rubles. Koma si zokhazo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukuwuluka popanda chilolezo m'madera oletsedwa pa drone yosalembetsa (mwachitsanzo, mkati mwa Moscow Ring Road), ndiye kuti chindapusa cha munthu chidzafika ma ruble 50 zikwi. Bungwe lovomerezeka limatha kulipira ma ruble 300. Ndipo ngati woyendetsa drone nayenso akuweruzidwa kuti atenge zithunzi kapena makanema popanda chilolezo, ndiye kuti ma ruble ena 5 ayenera kulipidwa pa izi.

Ndi mayiko ena ati omwe muyenera kulembetsa?

Kulembetsa ma copter ndizochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku US, ma drones onse ayenera kulembetsedwa ndi tsamba la FAA. Kulembetsa kumawononga $5 ndipo kumagwira ntchito zaka 3. Ku New Zealand, ma quadcopter okha olemera kuposa 25 kg amalembetsedwa. Ku UK, popanda chilolezo chapadera, simungawuluke pagulu la anthu (ndipo m'malo okhala). Ku Australia, ma drones opitilira 2kg ayenera kulembetsedwa ndi Civil Aviation Safety Authority. Ku Thailand, ma drones onse okhala ndi kamera ayenera kulembetsedwa ndi Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand (CAAT) ndege isananyamuke, zomwe zitha kutenga miyezi iwiri. M'malo a Soviet Union, Dziko Lathu si dziko lokhalo limene ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito ya UAV ikuchitika. Chifukwa chake, ku Estonia, kuti muwuluke m'malo apadera, mufunika chilolezo chapadera cha oyendetsa ma quadcopter okhala ndi nthawi yovomerezeka ya chaka chimodzi.

Siyani Mumakonda