Zamkatimu
Kufotokozera
Ogwiriridwa, monga mafuta obedwa mdziko lathu, akugonjetsa madera obzalidwa mochulukira. Ndipo momwemonso, mafuta ogwiriridwa amawonekera pafupipafupi patebulo lathu. Pakadali pano - monga kuyesa kapena kuyesa, koma nthawi zina - ngati chinthu chodziwika bwino pazakudya.
Pamtundu wamafuta okoma komanso athanzi, maolivi ndi mafuta opaka mafuta amakhala m'malo oyamba m'maiko aku Europe, kutsatiridwa ndi mafuta obedwa, kenako mafuta athu a mpendadzuwa okha.
Mafuta onse azamasamba amatengera mafuta atatu acid: oleic (Omega-9), linoleic (Omega-6) ndi linolenic (Omega-3). Kapangidwe kake m'mafuta ogwiriridwa ndiyabwino kwambiri, ndipo sizili choncho mumafuta ena kupatula mafuta a azitona.
Mafuta opukutidwa mwapadera amakhala ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana ndipo amakhala athanzi kuposa mafuta amtengo wapatali a maolivi. Masiku ano, mafuta ogwiriridwa agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazakudya zosiyanasiyana zopatsa thanzi, m'malo mwa mafuta ena azamasamba.
Ubwino wamafuta ena ndiwotsika ndipo kuvutikira kumavuta kwambiri. Omega-9 (awa ndi monounsaturated fatty acids, amachepetsa "cholesterol" choyipa m'magazi) mu mafuta ogwiriridwa 50 - 65%, mu maolivi - 55 - 83%.
Mbiri ya ogwiriridwa
Kugwiririra kwalimidwa kuyambira kalekale - amadziwika pachikhalidwe kuyambira zaka mazana anayi BC. Ofufuza ena amaganiza kuti kwawo ndi ogwiriridwa, kapena, monga azungu amatchulira, reps, Europe, makamaka Sweden, Netherlands ndi Great Britain, ena - Mediterranean.
Ku Europe, ogwiriridwa adatchuka m'zaka za zana la 13, pomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya komanso kuyatsa malo, chifukwa mafuta ophulika amawotcha bwino ndipo samatulutsa utsi. Komabe, asanayambe mphamvu ya nthunzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale kunali kochepa.
Koma pofika pakati pa zaka za zana la 19, ogwiriridwa anali atatchuka kwambiri - zidapezeka kuti mafuta obedwa amatengera bwino kuposa mafuta ena aliwonse okhudzana ndi chitsulo chomwe chimakhudzana ndi madzi ndi nthunzi. Ndipo makampani achichepere amafuta panthawiyo sanathebe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamafuta amisili.
Koma pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, kuonekera kwa zinthu zambiri zotsika mtengo zamafuta kunapangitsa kutsika kwakukulu kwa kulima kwa rapeseed.
Kugwirira ntchito nthawi zina kumatchedwa azitona wakumpoto, mwachidziwikire chifukwa mafuta omwe amapeza kuchokera munthanga zake amakhala ngati mafuta a maolivi mwa kukoma kwake komanso zakudya zake. Komabe, adayamba kukambirana za zabwino zake posachedwa. Mpaka zaka za m'ma 60 za m'ma 20, mafuta ogwiriridwa ankagwiritsidwa ntchito pongofuna ukadaulo - m'mafakitale opanga nsalu ndi zikopa, popanga sopo komanso popanga mafuta oyanika.
Anayamba kudya mafuta ogwiriridwa pokhapokha atapeza njira yabwino yoyeretsera mbewu kuchokera ku asidi woipa, omwe amapezeka mumafuta ochuluka, mpaka 47-50%.
Chifukwa cha zaka zambiri za ntchito yoswana mu 1974 ku Canada, mitundu yatsopano ya ogwiriridwa idapatsidwa chilolezo, yotchedwa "canola" kuchokera pamawu awiri - Canada ndi mafuta (mafuta), momwe gawo la asidi wa erucic silinadutse 2%. Ndipo ngakhale mafuta a canola akadali achilendo ku Russia, amadziwika kwambiri ku Canada, USA ndi Western Europe.
Kapangidwe ka mafuta obedwa
Mbali ya mbewu zogwiririra ndi kupezeka kwa mankhwala a sulfure - thioglucosides (glucosinolates), komanso amino acid omwe ali ndi sulfure. Kusankhidwa kwa non-erukism kunapezeka kuti kumalumikizidwa mosasunthika ndi kusankha kwa ma glucosinolates ochepa.
Chakudya cha rapeseed ndi chakudya chokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri, chimakhala ndi mapuloteni 40-50%, okhala ndi amino acid, ofanana ndi soya. Koma chakudya chimakhala ndi glucosinolates (glycosides a monosaccharides momwe mpweya wa carbonyl gulu umasinthidwa ndi atomu ya sulfure), zinthu zowonongeka zawo - inorganic sulfate ndi isothiocyanates - zimakhala ndi poizoni.
M'mitundu yamakono yambewu zobera mafuta, zomwe zili ndi ma glucosinolates sizipitilira 1% polemera kwamafuta opanda mafuta. Kuzindikira mwachindunji ndikuwunika mochuluka kwa thiogucosides ndi isothiocyanates mu rapeseed ndi mafuta ndizotopetsa, zowononga nthawi ndipo sizothandiza nthawi zonse. Pachifukwa ichi, kupezeka kwa mankhwala omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa kumaweruzidwa ndi zomwe zili ndi sulfure sulfure.
Mafuta opopera amakhala ndi linoleic, linolenic, oleic fatty acids, mavitamini A, D, E, komanso antioxidan
Mafuta ophulika afala kwambiri m'magulu amakampani makamaka chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake. Mafuta okhala ndi mafuta amaphatikiza zosafunika zazikulu ziwiri zamatenda - kuyambira 40 mpaka 60% yamafuta amafuta amagwera pa erucic acid, mpaka 10% - pa ekozenic acid.
Amakhulupirira kuti zidulo zonsezi zimakhudza kwambiri myocardium komanso kugwira ntchito kwa mtima. Chifukwa chake, masiku ano mafuta omwe amapangidwira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mkati amapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu ingapo ya rapese, zomwe zidulozi zimachepetsedwa.
Mu mafuta oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati, zopitilira 50% za mafutawa amagwera pa oleic acid, mpaka 30% - pa linoleic acid, mpaka 13% - pa alpha-linolenic acid.
Ubwino wamafuta ogwiriridwa
Mafuta ambiri azamasamba ndiofunikira kwambiri pazomwe zili ndi mafuta a polyunsaturated acid, omwe samapangidwa mthupi, koma ndiofunikira kuti pakhale njira zambiri zofunika.
Mavuto azinthuzi, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa vitamini F, omwe amakhala ndi omega-3, 6 ndi 9 acid, amapezekanso mu mafuta obedwa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ndi mu mafuta a masamba awa omwe omega-3 ndi omega-6 zidulo zimaperekedwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2, ndipo kulinganaku kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kotheka kwa thupi.
Vitamini F ndikofunikira pakusungitsa mafuta abwinobwino, ndichifukwa chake mafuta obedwa amatengedwa ngati mankhwala abwino. Ndi chakudya chokwanira m'thupi, zamadzimadzi zamadzimadzi zimakhala zachilendo, kuchuluka kwa cholesterol choipa m'magazi kumachepa.
Chifukwa chake, ndimomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mafuta obwerezabwereza, mapangidwe a cholesterol m'makoma amitsempha amachepa, chifukwa chake chiopsezo chokhala ndi atherosclerosis, matenda amtima ndi zovuta zawo zimachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, ma omega acid amathandiza kulimbitsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi, kuwapangitsa kukhala otanuka komanso olimba.
Mafuta amtundu wa Polyunsaturated amatenga nawo gawo pakukonzanso, kofunikira kuti magwiridwe antchito amtima, chiwindi, kapamba, impso, ubongo ndi ziwalo zina. Chifukwa cha mafuta amtundu wa polyunsaturated omwe ali nawo, mafuta ogwiriridwa amathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo chamthupi ndi chitetezo chamthupi, kuchotsa zinthu zowononga m'thupi, ndikuthandizanso kuchira ku matenda.
Mavitamini m'mafuta Ophimbidwa
Mafuta a masambawa amakhala ndi vitamini E yokwanira, yomwe kusowa kwawo kumakhudza khungu, tsitsi, misomali, ndi ziwalo zoberekera za anthu. Kuphatikiza apo, vitamini iyi ndi imodzi mwama antioxidants achilengedwe oyenera kusunga unyamata ndi thanzi, chifukwa zimalepheretsa mapangidwe ndi kudzikundikira kwa zopitilira muyeso mthupi.
Kuphatikiza pa vitamini E, mafuta ogwiriridwa amakhala ndi mavitamini a B, vitamini A komanso kuchuluka kwake kwa zinthu (phosphorous, zinc, calcium, mkuwa, magnesium, etc.), zomwe ndizofunikira paumoyo wa munthu aliyense.
Mafuta opopedwa amalimbikitsidwa kuti alowetsedwe mu zakudya za anthu omwe ali ndi matenda am'mimba, popeza ali ndi anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects, amachepetsa acidity ya madzi am'mimba, komanso amakhala ndi mphamvu yotsitsimula.
Mafuta opapulidwa ndi othandiza makamaka kwa azimayi, chifukwa zinthu zomwe zimapanga ndizofunikira pakupanga mahomoni achikazi. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pafupipafupi kumathandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kusabereka, komanso matenda am'mimba ya amayi, kuphatikizapo khansa. Mafuta opopera amathandizanso kwa amayi apakati: zinthu zomwe zili mmenemo zimathandizira kukulira kwa mwana wosabadwayo.
Kuchiritsa thupi ndikudya tsiku ndi tsiku zinthu zambiri zofunikira, ndikwanira kudya supuni 1-2 zamafuta ogwiriridwa patsiku.
Zovuta komanso zotsutsana
Mafuta opukutidwa amakhala ndi erucic acid. Chodziwika bwino cha asidi uyu ndikuti sichitha kuthyoka ndi michere ya thupi, chifukwa chake imadzikundikira m'matumba ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa kukula, kuchedwetsa kuyamba kwa kutha msinkhu.
Komanso, erucic acid imabweretsa chisokonezo pantchito yamtima, imayambitsa matenda a chiwindi ndikulowerera kwa mafupa. Malo otetezeka a asidi awa m'mafuta ndi 0.3 - 0.6%. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ogwiriridwa kumachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amakhala ndi sulfure omwe ali ndi poizoni - glycosinolates, thioglycosides ndi zotengera zawo.
Zimasokoneza chithokomiro ndi ziwalo zina, ndipo zimapatsa mafuta kulawa kowawa.
Obereketsa apanga mitundu yolowerera yomwe zili ndi erucic acid ndi thioglycosides ndizocheperako kapena kuchepa kwathunthu kukhala zero.
Contraindications ntchito mafuta rapeseed ndi matenda otsekula m'mimba, tsankho, pachimake matenda a chiwindi, komanso cholelithiasis mu pachimake siteji.
Kulawa kwa mafuta ogwiriridwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika
Mafuta opapulidwa amakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso kukoma kwa mtedza wonyezimira, utoto umatha kusiyanasiyana ndi wachikaso wowala mpaka bulauni wolemera. Pophika, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chovala chothandiza cha masaladi, komanso gawo la ma sauces osiyanasiyana, marinades, mayonesi.
Akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mu mawonekedwe ake osaphika, chifukwa mafuta obedwa amatha kutaya mawonekedwe ake oyamba panthawi yachithandizo cha kutentha.
Mbali yapadera ya mafuta amtunduwu ndi katundu wake wosungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, kuti asataye kuwonekera poyera komanso kuti asakhale ndi fungo losasangalatsa komanso kuwawa kwanthawi yayitali, ngakhale patadutsa nthawi yayitali. Malo osungira abwino amawerengedwa kuti ndiabwino, malo amdima pomwe mafuta obedwa amatha kukhala atsopano kwa zaka zisanu.
Mukamasankha mafuta obedwa, muyenera kulabadira kuti pansi pa botolo mulibe matope amdima komanso mitambo - zikuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawa atha kusintha. Komanso chizindikirocho chimangowonetsa kuchuluka kwa asidi wa erucic - nthawi zambiri imakhala kuyambira 0.3 mpaka 0.6%.
Mafuta obedwa mu cosmetology
Mafuta opukutidwa amafewetsa, kufewetsa, kudyetsa komanso kusungunula khungu bwino, chifukwa chake limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu dermatology ndi cosmetology.
Zodzikongoletsera zamafuta a rapeseed zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosamalira tsitsi ndi khungu. Oyenera khungu la vuto lomwe limakonda kuphulika kwa ziphuphu - mu mawonekedwe oyera kapena pang'ono chabe.
Izi ndichifukwa choti mafuta obedwa ali ndi mavitamini, mapuloteni achilengedwe ndi insulin, mchere wamchere, komanso zidulo - stearic ndi palmitic. Ndibwino kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito mafuta omwe amapangidwa kuti azisamalira khungu lokhwima.
Chida chabwino pazodzola zodzikongoletsera tsitsi - ma conditioner, masks, balms.
Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sopo poyambira ndi mafuta oyambira.