Mphepete mwa nthiti (kuchokera ku Greek thôrax, chifuwa) ndi mawonekedwe a osteo-cartilaginous, omwe ali pamtunda wa thorax, omwe amagwira nawo ntchito makamaka poteteza ziwalo zofunika kwambiri.

Kapangidwe ka nthiti. Zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (1) (2):

• Fupa la pachifuwa lomwe ndi lalitali, fupa lathyathyathya lomwe lili kutsogolo ndi pakati.
• Msana wa thoracic, womwe uli kumbuyo, womwe umapangidwa ndi ma vertebrae khumi ndi awiri, okhawo olekanitsidwa ndi intervertebral discs.
• Nthitizo, makumi awiri ndi zinayi mu chiwerengero, zomwe ndi zazitali ndi mafupa opindika, kuchokera kumbuyo kupita kutsogolo kupyolera mu nkhope yozungulira.

Maonekedwe a nthiti. Nthitizo zimayambira ku msana ndipo zimamangirizidwa ku fupa la pachifuwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe chamtengo wapatali, kupatulapo nthiti ziwiri zomalizira zapansi. Zotchedwa nthiti zoyandama, izi sizimangiriridwa ku sternum (1) (2). Zolumikizana izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kupereka mawonekedwe ngati khola.

Mipata ya Intercostal. Mipata khumi ndi imodzi ya intercostal imalekanitsa nthiti khumi ndi ziwiri pankhope yam'mbali. Mipata imeneyi imapangidwa ndi minofu, mitsempha, mitsempha, komanso mitsempha (2).

Chifuwa cha thoracic. Lili ndi ziwalo zofunika zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo mtima ndi mapapo (2). Pansi pa mtsempha watsekedwa ndi diaphragm.

Ntchito yoteteza ziwalo zamkati. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake komanso kapangidwe kake, nthitiyo imateteza ziwalo zofunika kwambiri monga mtima ndi mapapo, komanso ziwalo zina za m'mimba (2).

Ntchito yoyenda. Kapangidwe kake ka cartilaginous kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yosinthika kuti izitha kutsatira mayendedwe a msana (2).

Udindo pakupuma. The kusintha dongosolo khola, komanso olowa osiyana amapereka lalikulu matalikidwe a kayendedwe, nawo kupuma zimango. Minofu yosiyanasiyana yopumira imapezekanso m’nthiti (2). 

Zoopsa Thoracic. Zimafanana ndi kuwonongeka kwa khola la thoracic chifukwa chodzidzimutsa pa thorax (3).

• Ziphuphu. Nthiti, sternum komanso msana wa dorsal zimatha kuthyoka mosiyanasiyana.
• Mphuno ya thoracic. Imafanana ndi gawo la khoma la pachifuwa lomwe lapatukana ndipo limatsatira kuthyoka kwa nthiti zingapo (4). Izi zimabweretsa zovuta za kupuma ndi kupuma modabwitsa.

Zofooka za khoma pachifuwa. Zina mwa zopindikazi, timapeza za khoma lakunja la thoracic:

• Chifuwa cha m'chifuwa, chomwe chimayambitsa kupindika kwa dzenje, chifukwa cha kuwonetsa kuseri kwa sternum (5).
• Chifuwacho chimapindika, kuchititsa kupunduka, chifukwa cha kutsogolo kwa sternum (5) (6).

Pneumothorax. Limatanthawuza kudwala komwe kumakhudza kupindika kwamkati, danga pakati pa mapapo ndi nthiti. Amawonetseredwa ndi kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa, nthawi zina kumalumikizidwa ndi kupuma movutikira.

Zotupa za khoma la chifuwa. Zotupa zoyambirira kapena zachiwiri zimatha kukula m'mafupa kapena minofu yofewa (7) (8).

Matenda a fupa. The nthiti khola akhoza kukhala malo chitukuko cha mafupa matenda monga osteoporosis kapena ankylosing spondylitis.

Chithandizo chamankhwala. Kutengera ndi kuvulala kapena matenda, ma analgesics ndi anti-yotupa amatha kuperekedwa.

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa chifukwa cha kupunduka kwa khoma la chifuwa, kupweteka pachifuwa, komanso zotupa (5) (7) (8).

Kuyezetsa thupi. Kuzindikira kumayamba ndi kuunika kwa thupi kuti awone zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za ululu.

Mayeso oyerekeza achipatala. Kutengera ndi matenda omwe akuganiziridwa kapena otsimikiziridwa, mayeso owonjezera amatha kuchitidwa monga x-ray, ultrasound, CT scan, MRI kapena scintigraphy (3).

Kuponderezana pachifuwa, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ngati njira yothandizira yoyamba, kudafotokozedwa koyamba mu nyama mu 18749 musanawonetsedwe mwa anthu mu 1960 (10).