Zamkatimu
Mizere ili ndi dzina lake pazifukwa: they grow in rows or large groups. These fruiting bodies can be found throughout the Federation in the temperate forest zone. It is known that all types of rows are autumn mushrooms. Among them there are both edible and inedible and even poisonous representatives. Mushroom pickers with experience appreciate the rows very much, because they have high taste qualities, and also lend themselves well to various processing processes. However, first of all, you need to know what this or that type of this fruiting body looks like.
Kufotokozera ndi kugawa kupalasa kwachikasu-bulauni
Ryadovka yellow-brown ndi bowa wamba wa agaric wa banja la Ryadovkovye. Imagawidwa ngati yodyedwa, koma pali magwero omwe amatcha thupi la fruiting iyi kukhala losadyeka komanso lowopsa.
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Pansipa pali chithunzi ndi kufotokozera mzere wachikasu-bulauni.
Dzina lachi Latin: Tricholoma yellow.
Banja: Wamba.
Mafanowo: Tricholoma flavobrunneum, mzere wachikasu-bulauni, bulauni-wachikasu, wofiira-bulauni, wofiirira. Mwa anthu, mtundu uwu wa bowa umatchedwanso plantain ndi nut honey agaric.
Pawiri: palibe.
Ali ndi: m'mimba mwake 4-10 cm, nthawi zina pali zitsanzo ndi chipewa 15-cm. Maonekedwewo ndi ozungulira-conical, ndi msinkhu amakhala wogwada komanso wavy, tubercle imawoneka pakati. M'zitsanzo zazing'ono, m'mphepete mwa zipewa zimalowetsedwa mkati, mu zitsanzo zakale zimakhala zokwinya. Samalani mtundu wa chipewa chachikasu chabulauni chomwe chikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi:
Monga mukuonera, mtundu wake ndi wokongola kwambiri - wachikasu-lalanje, wofiira-bulauni kapena wofiira, pakati pa mthunzi nthawi zonse umakhala wakuda. Pakukhudzana, pamwamba pa kapu imamveka ngati yosalala komanso yowuma, koma nyengo yamvula imakhala yonyezimira komanso yoterera.
Mwendo: kutalika, mpaka 15 cm, ulusi, wandiweyani, wowuma, wosalala. Mtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi mthunzi wa kapu, ndipo ikanyowa, pamwamba pake imakhala yomata.
Zamkati: wandiweyani, wapakati minofu, woyera kapena wachikasu. Fungo ndi farinaceous, wofatsa, pafupifupi imperceptible, kukoma ndi zowawa. Mnofu wa mwendo ndi wa fibrous, woyera kapena wachikasu mu mtundu.
Mbiri: otambalala kwambiri, osakhazikika, osapezeka nthawi zambiri kapena osowa. Malinga ndi mafotokozedwe a mzere wachikasu-bulauni, mtundu wa mbale zake ndi wopepuka kapena zonona, kupendekera pang'ono kwachikasu kumatha kuwonedwa. Ndi ukalamba, amakhala a bulauni kwathunthu kapena amakhala ndi utoto wofananira.
Kukwanira: bowa wodyedwa wa gulu 4, komabe, omwe adayesapo amawona kuwawa kosasangalatsa mu zamkati.
Zofanana ndi zosiyana: othyola bowa omwe alibe chidziwitso akhoza kusokoneza "kukongola" kwachikasu-bulauni ndi mzere wa poplar (Tricholoma populinum) - mtundu wa bowa womwe umadyedwa mokhazikika. Komabe, chotsiriziracho chimakhala ndi tsinde lokulirapo, mbale zoyera ndipo chimamera makamaka pafupi ndi popula.
Kufalitsa: North America, madera akumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa Europe, Central ndi Kumpoto Dziko Lathu, Urals ndi Far East. Bowa wopalasa wachikasu-bulauni amakonda nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanizika. Imakula m'magulu kuyambira August mpaka October. Fruiting nthawi zonse imakhala yochuluka, thupi la fruiting palokha limalekerera chilala bwino.
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Mzere wagolide: chithunzi, kufotokozera ndi kugawa
Mzere wagolide (Tricholoma auratum) - bowa wodyedwa wamtundu wotsika, womwe umatuluka madontho amadzimadzi. Ndikosavuta kuzindikira thupi la fruiting ili, ambiri odziwa bwino bowa amanena kuti ndizosatheka kusokoneza ndi mitundu ina.
Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi chotsatira cha mzere wagolide kudzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a kukula kwake.
Dzina lachi Latin: Tricholoma auratum.
Banja: Wamba.
Ali ndi: kuyambira 6 mpaka 10 cm mulifupi, otukukira m'mphepete mwake. Akamakula, chipewacho chimakhala chogwada pansi ndikukhala ndi tubercle pakati. Pamwamba pamakhala mtundu wachikasu-lalanje, ndipo dera lakuda labulauni-lalanje likuwonekera pakati. Mvula ikayamba, mutha kuwona momwe pamwamba pa kapu imakhala yosalala komanso yoterera.
Mwendo: ali ndi chigawo chodziwika cha mamba ofiira-lalanje. Kuphatikiza apo, mwendo wa bowa wa golide umatulutsa madontho a madzi, omwe ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Zamkati: wandiweyani, woyera, ali wofatsa ufa fungo ndi amphamvu owawa kukoma.
Mbiri: osowa, woonda, woyera.
Kukwanira: Amatchulidwa ngati bowa wodyedwa wamtundu wotsika, komabe, chifukwa cha zowawa zake, amatengedwa ngati mtundu wosadyedwa komanso wapoizoni wapoizoni yochepa.
Kufalitsa: kudera lonse lotentha la kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi.
Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa kuti mzere wa golide umakula m'magulu m'nkhalango za coniferous ndi zosakanikirana. Komanso, mtundu uwu wa fruiting thupi amakonda dothi lolemera laimu, nthawi zina limakula limodzi. Nthawi yokolola bowa imayamba mu Julayi ndipo imatha mpaka Okutobala.
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Kupalasa kokhala ndi mawanga amadzi (Lepista gilva) kapena wolankhula wofiirira-yellow (Clitocybe gilva)
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Malinga ndi buku lina, kupalasa kopanda madzi (Lipista gilva) amaonedwa kuti ndi nyama yodyedwa kapena yodyedwa, pamene magwero ena akunja amati ndi yapoizoni. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri a mycologists amavomereza kuti bowa uwu ndi wodyedwa, koma ndi wamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha khalidwe lochepa la kukoma. Pachifukwa ichi, mzere wamadzi kapena wokamba za bulauni-wachikasu lero, monga lamulo, samasonkhanitsidwa kawirikawiri.
Dzina lachi Latin: Pezani izi.
Banja: Wamba.
Mafanowo: wolankhula wabulauni-chikasu, mzere wachikasu-wachikasu, Paralepista gilva, Clitocybe gilva.
Ali ndi: lalikulu kwambiri, 4-10 masentimita awiri, nthawi zina mpaka 15 cm, lathyathyathya, ndi tubercle wooneka pang'ono pakati. Zitsanzo zakale zimakhala ndi kapu yooneka ngati funnel, m'mphepete mwake nthawi zonse zimakhala zokhazikika. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri imakhala yosasinthika, khungu la bulauni, lachikasu-lalanje, lofiira, lofiirira-chikasu. M’kupita kwa nthaŵi, pamwamba pake pakhoza kuzimiririka n’kukhala wonyezimira, pafupifupi mtundu woyera, nthaŵi zambiri wokhala ndi mawanga a dzimbiri.
Mwendo: m'malo mwaufupi, mpaka 5 cm wamtali mpaka 0,5 wandiweyani, ngakhale, cylindrical, wopapatiza pang'ono pansi, ulusi, zotanuka. Mtundu wa mwendo wa mzere wamadzi ndi wofanana ndi kapu.
Zamkati: wowonda kwambiri, wandiweyani, wodekha kapena wachikasu. Fungo limasangalatsa tsabola, kukoma kwa thupi kumakhala kowawa pang'ono. Ena otola bowa amazindikira kuti thupi la chipatso limatulutsa fungo lamphamvu lofanana ndi zonunkhira.
Mbiri: zoonda, pafupipafupi, zopapatiza, zotsika mwamphamvu, zofowoka kawirikawiri. Mwa anthu achichepere, mtundu wa mbale ndi woyera, ndipo akamakalamba amakhala achikasu komanso ofiirira, nthawi zina mawanga ang'onoang'ono adzimbiri amawonekera pamwamba pawo.
Kukwanira: palibe tanthauzo losamveka. Zokambirana zokhuza kumveka kwa mzere wamadzi kapena wokamba zabulauni-chikasu zikupitilira mpaka lero. Amagawidwa kukhala mitundu yodyedwa komanso yosadyedwa.
Zofanana ndi zosiyana: akhoza kusokonezedwa ndi mzere wofiira (Lepista inversa). Chotsatiracho, ngakhale kuti chimakula mofanana, chimasiyanabe ndi mtundu wakuda wa kapu.
Kufalitsa: Nsomba zokhala ndi madzi zimakula m'magulu, kupanga "mphete zamatsenga", m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi coniferous. Zimabala zipatso kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn. Pachimake cha bowa ntchito anaona kuyambira mochedwa August mpaka m'ma October.