M’dera lililonse limene amati ndi la Chibuda, dzina la tchuthili limamveka mosiyana. Ma Buryats ali ndi Sagaalgan, a Mongol ndi a Kalmyks ali ndi Tsagaan Sar, a Tuvans ali ndi Shagaa, ndipo a South Altai ali ndi Chaga Bairam.
M'nkhaniyi, tikuwuzani momwe Sagaalgan 2023 idzakondweretsedwera malinga ndi kalendala ya lunisolar mu Dziko Lathu ndi dziko lapansi. Tiyeni tikhudze mbiri ya Chaka Chatsopano cha Buddhist, miyambo yake, momwe zikondwerero zimasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko lathu komanso kunja.
Kodi Sagaalgan amakondwerera liti mu 2023
Tchuthi cha White Moon chili ndi tsiku loyandama. Tsiku la mwezi watsopano, madzulo a Sagaalgan, limakhala pa February m'zaka zonse za 2006. M'zaka za zana lino, ndi nthawi zochepa chabe zomwe Sagaalgan imagwera kumapeto kwa Januware, masiku ake omaliza. Komaliza tchuthi m'mwezi woyamba wa chaka malinga ndi kalendala ya Gregorian idakondwerera mu 30, kenako idagwa pa Januware XNUMX.
M'nyengo yozizira yomwe ikubwera, tchuthi cha Mwezi Woyera - Sagaalgan 2023 ku Dziko Lathu ndi dziko lapansi limagwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira. Chaka Chatsopano cha Chibuda chidzakondwerera February 20.
mbiri ya tchuthi
Tchuthi cha Sagaalgan chadziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale ndipo chinachokera ku zikhulupiliro zachipembedzo. Sagaalgan idayamba kukondwerera kuyambira zaka za zana la XNUMX ku China, kenako ku Mongolia. M'dziko Lathu, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kalendala ya Gregory, Sagaalgan sanakondwerere ngati chiyambi cha Chaka Chatsopano, koma miyambo yachibuddha yokhudzana ndi tsikuli inasungidwa.
Kutsitsimutsidwa kwa tchuthi cha Mwezi Woyera kudayamba mu Dziko Lathu mu 90s. Ngakhale kuti miyambo yokondwerera Sagaalgan idasungidwa mpaka m'ma 20s azaka zapitazi, chikhalidwe cha tchuthi cha dziko chinalandiridwa posachedwa. M'gawo la Buryatia, zigawo za Trans-Baikal Territory, Aginsky ndi Ust-Orda Buryat, tsiku loyamba la Sagaalgan (Chaka Chatsopano) limatchedwa tsiku lopuma. Kuyambira 2004, Sagaalgan imatengedwa ngati tchuthi chadziko lonse ku Kalmykia. Komanso, "holide ya anthu" Shaag imakondwerera ku Tyva. Mu 2013, Chaga Bayram adalengezedwanso kuti ndi tsiku losagwira ntchito ku Republic of Altai.
Sagaalgan amakondwereranso ku Mongolia. Koma ku China, palibe Chaka Chatsopano cha Buddhist pakati pa maholide ovomerezeka. Komabe, Chaka Chatsopano cha China, chomwe chimatchuka kwambiri m'dziko lathu komanso padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi masiku ake (kumapeto kwa Januwale - theka loyamba la February), ndipo mu miyambo yake imagwirizana kwambiri ndi Sagaalgan.
Mu 2011, Sagaalgan adaphatikizidwa m'gulu la UNESCO Intangible Heritage List. Tsagaan Sar ya ku Mongolia, monga Chaka Chatsopano chathu, ili ndi chithumwa chake. Malinga ndi kalendala ya Chibuda, 2022 ndi chaka cha Black Tiger, 2023 idzakhala chaka cha Black Rabbit. Kuphatikiza pa madera omwe Chibuda ndi chipembedzo chachikulu, Mongolia ndi China, Chaka Chatsopano malinga ndi kalendala yatsopano yoyendera mwezi chimakondwerera m'madera ena a India ndi Tibet.
Miyambo ya tchuthi
Madzulo a tchuthi, a Buryats adakonza nyumba zawo. Amayika mkaka ndi nsembe za nyama, koma akulimbikitsidwa kuti asadye chakudya chokha - monga "kusala kudya" kwa tsiku limodzi. Ikatha, tebulo limayang'aniridwa ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "zakudya zoyera" za mkaka. Inde, pali nyama yamwanawankhosa, maswiti, zakumwa za zipatso zakutchire zipatso. Patsiku loyamba la Sagaalgan, Buryats amayamikira okondedwa awo, makolo malinga ndi chikhalidwe chapadera cha Buryat. Kusinthanitsa mphatso kumayenera kuchitidwa pamutu wachikhalidwe. Pa tsiku lachiwiri la tchuthi, kuyendera achibale akutali kumayamba. Iyi ndi nthawi yofunika kwambiri kwa achinyamata. Mwana aliyense wa banja la Buryat amayenera kudziwa banja lake mpaka m'badwo wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Odziwa kwambiri amapita patsogolo. The Buryats samachita popanda masewera wowerengeka ndi zosangalatsa.
Ku Mongolia yamakono, pa "holide ya Mwezi Woyera" - Tsagan Sar - achinyamata amavala zovala zokongola zowala (deli). Azimayi amapatsidwa nsalu, mbale. Amuna amapatsidwa zida. Chofunikira kwambiri pa chikondwerero cha Tsagan Sara kwa achinyamata ndi tchuthi chamasiku asanu. Ana ambiri a ku Mongolia amapita kusukulu zogonera ndipo Tsagaan Sar ndi nthawi yokhayo yopita kunyumba kuti akaone makolo awo. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha Tsagaan Sara ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana, popeza nthawi imamasulidwa kuntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku pokonzekera. Kale, a Kalmyk, monga a Mongol, anali osamukasamuka, ndipo chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za Kalmyk Tsagaan Sara ndi kusintha kwa msasa pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri. Kukhala nthawi yaitali pamalo amodzi kunali kuonedwa kuti ndi tchimo lalikulu. Tsagaan Sar imakondwereranso m'chigawo cha Astrakhan m'malo omwe Kalmyks ali ndi anthu ambiri.
Mphindi yofunika kwambiri pa chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano cha Tuvan - Shagaa - ndi mwambo wa "San Salary". Mwambowu umachitika ngati kupereka nsembe kwa mizimu ya chakudya kuti ikwaniritse malo awo m'chaka chomwe chikubwera. Kwa mwambowu, malo athyathyathya, otseguka paphiri amasankhidwa ndipo moto wamwambo umapangidwa. Kuphatikiza pa cholinga chokhazikitsa mtendere ndi mizimu, Altai Chaga Bayram amatanthauza kukonzanso chilengedwe ndi munthu. Akulu amayatsa moto ndikuchita mwambo wolambira Dzuwa. Posachedwapa, malo ofikira alendo apangidwa ku Gorny Altai. Chifukwa chake, alendo omwe amabwera kuderali akhoza kutenga nawo gawo mwachindunji pachikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano cha Altai.