Pansi pa lingaliro ili likugwirizana ndi gulu lalikulu la zilakolako zathu zachibadwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo kudziteteza kwa thupi, chikhalidwe ndi uzimu.
Nkhawa za munthu wakuthupi. Zochita zonse zowoneka bwino komanso mayendedwe azakudya ndi chitetezo zimapanga ntchito zodziteteza. Momwemonso, mantha ndi mkwiyo zimabweretsa kuyenda koyenera. Ngati mwa kudzisamalira timavomereza kumvetsetsa zowoneratu zam'tsogolo, mosiyana ndi kudziteteza pakali pano, ndiye kuti tikhoza kunena kuti mkwiyo ndi mantha ndi chibadwa chomwe chimatikakamiza kusaka, kufunafuna chakudya, kumanga nyumba, kupanga zida zothandiza. ndi kusamalira matupi athu. Komabe, otsiriza chibadwa chokhudzana ndi kumverera kwa chikondi, chikondi cha makolo, chidwi ndi mpikisano kumawonjezera osati kukula kwa thupi lathu umunthu, koma wathu wonse zakuthupi «Ine» mu yotakata tanthauzo la mawu.
Kudera nkhaŵa kwathu kwa umunthu wa anthu kumadziwonetserako mwachindunji m’malingaliro achikondi ndi mabwenzi, m’chikhumbo chofuna kukopa chidwi kwa ife eni ndi kudzutsa ena odabwa, m’malingaliro ansanje, chikhumbo cha mpikisano, ludzu la kutchuka, chisonkhezero ndi mphamvu. ; mosalunjika, amasonyezedwa m’zifuno zonse za kudera nkhaŵa zakuthupi ponena za iye mwini, popeza kuti chotsiriziracho chikhoza kukhala njira yofikitsira zolinga za anthu. N’zosavuta kuona kuti zikhumbo zamwamsanga zofuna kusamalira umunthu wa munthu zimasanduka chibadwa chosavuta. Ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhumbo chofuna kukopa chidwi cha ena kuti kulimba kwake sikudalira ngakhale pang'ono pa mtengo wazinthu zodziwika bwino za munthu uyu, mtengo womwe ungasonyezedwe mwanjira iliyonse yogwirika kapena yomveka.
Tatopa kwambiri kuti tilandire chiitano cha ku nyumba kumene kuli anthu ambiri, kotero kuti potchula mmodzi wa alendo amene tinawaona, tinganene kuti: “Ndim’dziŵa bwino lomwe!” - ndikugwada mumsewu ndi pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe mumakumana nawo. Zoonadi, n’zosangalatsa kwambiri kwa ife kukhala ndi mabwenzi odziŵika paudindo kapena oyenerera, ndi kuyambitsa kulambira kokangalika mwa ena. Thackeray, m'modzi mwamabuku ake, amafunsa owerenga kuti avomere moona mtima ngati zingakhale zosangalatsa kwa aliyense wa iwo kuyenda pansi pa Pall Mall ndi akalonga awiri m'manja mwake. Koma, posakhala ndi ma dukes pagulu la omwe timawadziwa komanso osamva kumveka kwa mawu ansanje, sitiphonya ngakhale milandu yocheperako kuti tikope chidwi. Pali okonda okonda kulengeza dzina lawo m'manyuzipepala - sasamala kuti nyuzipepala ieku dzina lawo lidzagwera mu chiyani, kaya ali m'gulu la ofika ndi onyamuka, zolengeza zapadera, zoyankhulana kapena miseche ya m'tauni; chifukwa chosowa zabwino kwambiri, sazengereza kulowa m'mbiri ya zinthu zochititsa manyazi. Guiteau, wakupha Purezidenti Garfield, ndi chitsanzo chambiri cha chikhumbo chofuna kulengeza. Malingaliro a Guiteau sanachoke m'gawo la nyuzipepala. M'pemphero lakufa la mawu omvetsa chisoni awa omwe adalankhula mowona mtima anali awa: "Nyumba yosindikizira ya m'deralo ili ndi udindo kwa Inu, Ambuye."
Osati anthu okha, koma malo ndi zinthu zomwe ndizodziwika bwino kwa ine, mwanjira ina yophiphiritsira, zimakulitsa umunthu wanga. «Ga me connait» (amandidziwa) - anatero wantchito wina wa ku France, akulozera ku chida chomwe adachidziwa bwino. Anthu amene maganizo awo sitiwaona kukhala ofunika m'pang'ono pomwe ndi anthu omwe sitinyoza chidwi chawo. Palibe munthu wamkulu m'modzi, osati mkazi m'modzi, wosankha m'mbali zonse, sangakane chidwi cha dandy wopanda pake, yemwe amanyoza umunthu wake kuchokera pansi pamtima.
Mu UEIK «Kusamalira Munthu Wauzimu» ayenera kuphatikizapo okwana chikhumbo chauzimu patsogolo — maganizo, makhalidwe ndi uzimu mu yopapatiza tanthauzo la mawu. Komabe, kuyenera kuvomerezedwa kuti zimene zimatchedwa nkhaŵa za umunthu wauzimu wa munthu zimaimira, m’lingaliro lochepera limeneli la liwulo, kudera nkhaŵa kokha zakuthupi ndi umunthu wa anthu pambuyo pa imfa. Mu chikhumbo cha Muhamadi kuti akafike kumwamba kapena m'chikhumbo cha mkhristu kuti athawe mazunzo a gehena, kufunikira kwa mapindu ofunidwa kumawonekera. Kuchokera pamalingaliro abwino ndi oyeretsedwa a moyo wamtsogolo, zambiri za ubwino wake (kuyanjana ndi achibale omwe adachoka ndi oyera mtima ndi kukhalapo kwaumulungu) ndizopindulitsa chabe za chikhalidwe chapamwamba. Chikhumbo chokha chowombola chikhalidwe chamkati (chauchimo) cha moyo, kukwaniritsa chiyero chake chopanda uchimo m'moyo uno kapena wamtsogolo chingaganizidwe kuti ndi chisamaliro cha umunthu wathu wauzimu mu mawonekedwe ake oyera.
Ndemanga yathu yotakata yakunja kwa zowona zomwe zawonedwa ndi moyo wa munthu sizingakhale zosakwanira ngati sitinafotokoze momveka bwino za mkangano ndi mikangano pakati pa mbali zake. Chilengedwe chakuthupi chimalepheretsa kusankha kwathu ku chimodzi mwazinthu zambiri zomwe zimawoneka kwa ife ndikutikhumbira, zomwezi zimawonedwanso m'gawo la zochitika. Kukanakhala kotheka, ndiye, ndithudi, palibe aliyense wa ife amene akanakana mwamsanga kukhala munthu wokongola, wathanzi, wovala bwino, munthu wamphamvu kwambiri, munthu wolemera wokhala ndi ndalama zokwana madola milioni imodzi pachaka, wanzeru, wabwino. vivant, wogonjetsa mitima ya amayi komanso nthawi yomweyo filosofi. , philanthropist, boma, mtsogoleri wankhondo, African explorer, fashionable ndakatulo ndi munthu woyera. Komatu izi n’zosatheka. Zochita za millionaire sizigwirizana ndi malingaliro a woyera mtima; philanthropist ndi bon vivant ndi malingaliro osagwirizana; mzimu wa filosofi sugwirizana ndi moyo wamtima mu chigoba chimodzi cha thupi.
Kunja, zilembo zosiyana zotere zimaoneka kuti n’zogwirizanadi mwa munthu mmodzi. Koma ndikofunikira kukulitsa chimodzi mwazinthu zamakhalidwe, kotero kuti nthawi yomweyo zimasokoneza ena. Munthu ayenera kuganizira mozama mbali zosiyanasiyana za umunthu wake kuti apeze chipulumutso mu chitukuko chakuya, amphamvu mbali ya «Ine» wake. Zina zonse za "Ine" yathu ndizonyenga, imodzi yokha ndiyo yomwe ili ndi maziko enieni mu khalidwe lathu, choncho chitukuko chake chimatsimikiziridwa. Kulephera pakukula kwa mbali iyi ya khalidwe ndiko kulephera kwenikweni komwe kumayambitsa manyazi, ndipo kupambana ndi kupambana kwenikweni komwe kumabweretsa chisangalalo chenicheni. Mfundo imeneyi ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kuyesayesa kwamalingaliro kwa kusankha komwe ndanena motsindika pamwambapa. Tisanasankhe, ganizo lathu limazungulira pakati pa zinthu zingapo zosiyanasiyana; pamenepa, chimasankha chimodzi mwa mbali zambiri za umunthu wathu kapena khalidwe lathu, pambuyo pake sitichita manyazi, titalephera mu chinachake chimene chiribe kanthu kochita ndi katundu wa khalidwe lathu amene waika maganizo athu pa iwo okha.
Izi zikufotokozera nkhani yodabwitsa ya munthu wamanyazi mpaka imfa chifukwa sanali woyamba, koma wachiwiri wa boxer kapena wopalasa padziko lapansi. Kuti akhoza kupambana munthu ali yense pa dziko lapansi, koma mmodzi, sizitanthauza kanthu kwa iye; Salipo m’maso mwake. Mwamuna wofooka, amene aliyense angam’gonjetse, sakhumudwa chifukwa cha kufooka kwake kwakuthupi, pakuti kwanthaŵi yaitali wasiya zoyesayesa zonse za kukulitsa mbali imeneyi ya umunthu. Popanda kuyesera sipangakhale kulephera, popanda kulephera sipangakhale manyazi. Chotero, kukhutira kwathu ndi ife eni m’moyo kumatsimikiziridwa kotheratu ndi ntchito imene timadzipereka tokha. Kudzidalira kumatsimikiziridwa ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu zathu zenizeni ndi zomwe tingathe, zomwe timaganiza - kachigawo kakang'ono kamene nambala imasonyeza kupambana kwathu kwenikweni, ndi denominator zomwe timanena:
~C~Kudzilemekeza = Kupambana / Kudzinenera
Pamene chiwerengero chikuwonjezeka kapena denominator ikucheperachepera, gawolo lidzawonjezeka. Kukana zonena kumatipatsa mpumulo wolandirika wofanana ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwawo mwakuchita, ndipo nthawi zonse padzakhala kukana zonenazo pamene zokhumudwitsa sizikutha, ndipo kulimbana sikuyembekezereka kutha. Chitsanzo chowonekera bwino cha izi chaperekedwa ndi mbiri ya chiphunzitso chaumulungu cha evangelical, pamene timapeza kukhudzika mu uchimo, kutaya mtima mu mphamvu ya munthu, ndi kutaya chiyembekezo cha kupulumutsidwa ndi ntchito zabwino zokha. Koma zitsanzo zofananazi zimapezeka m’moyo pa sitepe iliyonse. Munthu amene amazindikira kuti kunyozeka kwake m’dera lina sikusiya kukaikira kwa ena, amapeza mpumulo wodabwitsa wapamtima. "Ayi", kukana kotheratu, kolimba mtima kwa mwamuna m'chikondi kumawoneka ngati kumachepetsa mkwiyo wake poganiza kuti wataya wokondedwa. Anthu ambiri okhala ku Boston, crede experto (kukhulupirira amene adakumana nazo) (ndikuopa kuti zomwezo zitha kunenedwa za okhala m'mizinda ina), atha ndi mtima wopepuka kusiya nyimbo zawo za "I" kuti athe kusakaniza phokoso lopanda manyazi ndi symphony. Ndikwabwino chotani nanga nthaŵi zina kusiya zodzionetsera kuti uzioneka ngati wachichepere ndi wochepa thupi! “Zikomo Mulungu,” timatero m’zochitika zoterozo, “zonyenga zimenezi zatha! Kukula kulikonse kwathu "Ine" ndi cholemetsa chowonjezera komanso chowonjezera. Pali nkhani ya njonda ina yomwe idataya chuma chake chonse mpaka zana lomaliza pankhondo yomaliza yaku America: atakhala wopemphapempha, adadzigudubuza m'matope, koma adatsimikiza kuti sanamvepo wosangalala komanso womasuka.
Ubwino wathu, ndikubwereza, umadalira tokha. Carlyle anati: “Yerekezerani zonena zanu kukhala ziro, ndipo dziko lonse lapansi lidzakhala pansi panu. Munthu wanzeru kwambiri m’nthawi yathu ino analemba moyenerera kuti moyo umayamba panthaŵi ya kukana.
Ziwopsezo kapena chilimbikitso sizingakhudze munthu ngati sizikhudza tsogolo lothekera kapena mbali zamasiku ano za umunthu wake. Nthawi zambiri, pongotengera munthu uyu tingathe kulamulira zofuna za wina. Chifukwa chake, nkhawa yofunika kwambiri ya mafumu, akazembe, komanso onse omwe akufunafuna mphamvu ndi chikoka ndikupeza mwa "wozunzidwa" mfundo yamphamvu kwambiri yodzilemekeza ndikupangitsa chikoka pa icho cholinga chawo chachikulu. Koma ngati munthu wasiya zomwe zimadalira chifuniro cha wina, ndipo wasiya kuona zonsezi monga mbali ya umunthu wake, ndiye kuti timakhala opanda mphamvu konse kuti timkhudze. Lamulo lachisitoiki lachisangalalo linali kudziona kuti ndife olandidwa pasadakhale chilichonse chomwe sichidalira chifuniro chathu - ndiye kuti nkhonya za tsoka lidzakhala lopanda chidwi. Epictetus amatilangiza kupanga umunthu wathu kukhala wosavulazidwa mwa kufupikitsa zomwe zili mkati mwake ndipo, panthawi imodzimodziyo, kulimbitsa kukhazikika kwake: "Ndiyenera kufa - chabwino, koma kodi ndife ndithu ndikudandaula za tsogolo langa? Ndidzalankhula choonadi poyera, ndipo ngati wolamulira wankhanza anena kuti: “Pa mawu ako, uyenera kufa,” ndidzamuyankha kuti: “Kodi ndinakuuzanipo kuti sindifa? Udzachita ntchito yako, ndipo ine ndidzachita zanga: ntchito yako ndi yochita, ndipo ine ndife opanda mantha; ndi ntchito yanu kuthamangitsa, ndipo yanga kusamuka mopanda mantha. Kodi timatani tikamayenda panyanja? Timasankha wotsogolera ndi oyendetsa sitima, timayika nthawi yonyamuka. Pamsewu, mphepo yamkuntho imatipeza. Nangano tiyenera kudera nkhawa chiyani? Udindo wathu wakwaniritsidwa kale. Ntchito zina zili ndi wotsogolera. Koma ngalawayo ikumira. Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani? Chokhacho chomwe chingatheke ndikudikirira imfa mopanda mantha, popanda kulira, popanda kudandaula kwa Mulungu, podziwa bwino kuti aliyense wobadwa ayenera kufa tsiku lina.
Panthawi yake, m'malo mwake, malingaliro a Stoic awa angakhale othandiza komanso amphamvu, koma ziyenera kuvomereza kuti n'zotheka kokha ndi mtima wokhazikika wa moyo kuti ukhale ndi makhalidwe opapatiza komanso opanda chifundo. Stoiki amagwira ntchito modziletsa. Ngati ine ndine Mstoiki, ndiye kuti chuma chimene ndinadzitengera ndekha sichikhalanso chuma changa; ndipo ndili ndi chizolowezi chokana mtengo wa chinthu chilichonse. Njira imeneyi yodzichirikiza mwa kukana, kukana katundu, ili yofala kwambiri pakati pa anthu amene m’mbali zina sangatchedwe Asitoiki. Anthu onse opapatiza amachepetsa umunthu wawo, amapatukana ndi chilichonse chomwe sakhala nacho. Amayang'ana mopanda manyazi (ngati osati ndi chidani chenicheni) kwa anthu omwe ali osiyana nawo kapena osatengeka ndi chikoka chawo, ngakhale ngati anthuwa ali ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri. “Aliyense wosakhala kwa ine alibe kwa ine, ndiko kuti, monga momwe zimadalira ine, ndimayesetsa kuchita ngati kuti palibe chifukwa cha ine,” mwa njira iyi kukhwima ndi kutsimikizika kwa malire a umunthu ukhoza kulipira kusowa kwa zomwe zili mkati mwake.
Anthu okulirapo amachita mosintha: pakukulitsa umunthu wawo ndikudziwitsa ena. Malire a umunthu wawo nthawi zambiri amakhala osatha, koma kuchuluka kwa zomwe zili mkati mwake kumawapatsa mphotho chifukwa cha izi. Nihil hunnanum a me alienum puto (palibe munthu wachilendo kwa ine). “Anyoze umunthu wanga, andichite ngati galu; popeza muli mzimu m’thupi langa, sindidzawakana. Ndi zenizeni ngati ine. Chilichonse chomwe chili chabwino mwa iwo, chikhale katundu wa umunthu wanga. Kuwolowa manja kwazinthu izi nthawi zina kumakhudza kwambiri. Anthu oterowo amatha kukhala ndi chidwi chodabwitsa poganiza kuti, ngakhale ali ndi matenda, mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino, mikhalidwe yoyipa yamoyo, ngakhale amanyalanyazidwa, amakhalabe gawo losalekanitsidwa la dziko la anthu amphamvu. comradely kugawana mu mphamvu ya akavalo onyamula katundu, mu chimwemwe cha unyamata, mu nzeru za anzeru, ndipo samamanidwa gawo lina la kugwiritsa ntchito chuma cha Vanderbilts ngakhale Hohenzollerns iwo eni.
Choncho, nthawi zina ang'onoang'ono, nthawi zina kukula, wathu epirical «Ine» amayesa kukhazikitsa lokha mu dziko lakunja. Amene anganene mofanana ndi Marcus Aurelius kuti: “O, Chilengedwe Chonse! Chilichonse chomwe mukufuna, inenso ndikukhumba! ", ali ndi umunthu womwe chirichonse chomwe chimalepheretsa, chochepetsera zomwe zili mkati mwake chimachotsedwa ku mzere wotsiriza - zomwe zili mu umunthu wotero ndizo zonse.