Zamkatimu
Kutola bowa wambiri kumayamba mu Seputembala. Kuphatikiza pa bowa wamba komanso wokondedwa, bowa, boletus ndi boletus, m'mwezi woyamba wa autumn, mitundu yosowa kwambiri imatha kupezekanso m'nkhalango. Izi zikuphatikizapo collibia, lepista, lacquer, melanoleuca, tremellodon, ndi ena ambiri. Samalani: panthawi ino ku dera la Moscow ndi madera ena pali mitundu yambiri yosadyeka, kotero ngati mukukayikira, ndi bwino kuti musaike bowa wosadziwika mudengu lanu.
Mu Seputembala, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi banja lonse komanso payekhapayekha panthawiyi amapita kukasaka bowa. Maulendo otere opita kunkhalango amatenthetsa mzimu ndikupangitsa chisangalalo chodabwitsa. Mawonekedwe odabwitsa amitundu yophukira achilengedwe amafotokozedwa mowolowa manja ndikuyimbidwa ndi olemba ndakatulo ndi olemba.
Bowa wodyedwa womwe umakula mu Seputembala
Spruce mokruha (Gomphidius glutinosus).
Mokruhi ndi amodzi mwa oyamba kumera m'dzinja. Zitha kuwoneka kale, koma ndi mu Seputembala pomwe chiwopsezo chawo chimawonekera. Kuti muwasonkhanitse, mufunika dengu kapena chipinda chosiyana mudengu, chifukwa amadetsa bowa ena onse. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, bowawa amakula m'nkhalango mu September pafupifupi malo omwewo monga bowa wa porcini, koma pambuyo pake kwa theka la mwezi kapena mwezi.
Malo okhala: pa nthaka ndi nkhalango pansi mu coniferous, makamaka nkhalango spruce, kukula m'magulu kapena payekha.
Nyengo: Juni - Okutobala.
Chophimbacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 4-10 cm, nthawi zina mpaka 14 cm, minofu, poyamba convex-conical ndi m'mbali apangidwe, kenako n'kudzigwetsa pansi. Chosiyanitsa chamtunduwu ndi kapu yonyezimira yotuwa-lilac kapena imvi-bulauni, yokutidwa ndi mucous nembanemba ya ulusi wopyapyala, komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wa mbale zomwe zikutsikira pa tsinde ndi kukhalapo kwa mawanga achikasu pa. maziko a tsinde. Khungu limachotsedwa mosavuta.
Mwendo ndi 4-10 cm wamtali, 8 mpaka 20 mm wandiweyani, womata, woyera, wokhala ndi mawanga achikasu, makamaka otchulidwa pafupi ndi maziko. Filimuyi imasweka pamene bowa amakula ndikupanga mphete yofiira pa tsinde.
Zamkati: yoyera, yofewa komanso yofewa, yopanda fungo komanso yowawa pang'ono pakukoma.
Ma mbalewa ndi omatira, ochepa, otsika kwambiri, otsika patsinde pamtundu wooneka ngati koni. Mtundu wa mbale mu bowa aang'ono ndi yoyera, kenako imvi ndiyeno wakuda.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu ukhoza kusiyana kuchokera ku imvi-lilac, bulauni-violet mpaka bulauni. Bowa wokhwima amakhala ndi mawanga akuda pachipewa.
Mitundu yofananira. Spruce mokruha ndi yofanana pofotokozera pinki mokruha (Gomphidius roseus), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kapu ya coral-reddish cap.
Kukwanira: bowa zabwino zodyedwa, koma m'pofunika kuchotsa khungu lomamatira kwa iwo, akhoza kuwiritsa, yokazinga, zamzitini.
Zodyera, gulu la 3.
Collybia ndi yokonda nkhalango, mawonekedwe owala (Collybia dryophilla, f. albidum).
Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanizika ndi coniferous, pansi pa nkhalango, mu moss, pa nkhuni zowola, zitsa ndi mizu, zimakula m'magulu, nthawi zambiri m'magulu amatsenga.
Nyengo: bowa izi zimamera kudera la Moscow kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala.
Chipewacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 2-6 cm, nthawi zina mpaka 7 cm, poyambira chimakhala ndi m'mphepete mwake, kenako chimagwada, chophwanyika, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wopepuka wa kapu: yoyera, kapena yoyera-kirimu, kapena yoyera-pinki. Malo apakati angakhale owala pang'ono.
Mwendo 3-7 cm wamtali, 3-6 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, wokulirapo pafupi ndi tsinde, mkati mwake, wopanda pinki kapena wachikasu-kirimu pamwamba, wakuda m'munsi - wofiyira kapena bulauni, wofiirira.
Mnofu ndi woonda, woyera, ndi pang'ono bowa fungo ndi kukoma kokoma.
Mambale ndi zonona kapena chikasu, adherent. Pakati pa mbale zomatira pali mbale zazifupi zaulere.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasinthasintha malinga ndi kukula kwa bowa, mwezi ndi chinyezi cha nyengo - kuchokera ku zoyera-kirimu kupita ku pinkish-kirimu.
Mitundu yofananira. Collibia wokonda nkhalango ndi ofanana mawonekedwe ndi mtundu waukulu kuti inedible Collybia distorta (Collybia distorta), yomwe imatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi kapu yamtundu wachikasu-lalanje.
Njira zophikira: warka, jarka, konservirovanie.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Chikwapu choyera (Pluteus pellitus).
Malo okhala: pa mitengo yolimba yovunda, pa utuchi wowola, merani m’magulu kapena paokha.
Nyengo: bowawa amakula kuyambira June mpaka September.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 3-7 cm, choyamba chooneka ngati belu, kenako chowoneka bwino, kenako ndikugwada, pafupifupi chathyathyathya. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi kapu yoyera yokhala ndi tubercle yaying'ono yokhala ndi utoto wofiirira, komanso mwendo wowoneka bwino wa cylindrical. Chovalacho chimakhala ndi radially fibrous, m'mphepete mwake ndi mopepuka pang'ono.
Tsinde lake ndi lalitali 4-8 cm, 4 mpaka 10 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, longitudinally fibrous, hard, solid, first white, imvi, kapena ash-cream, nthawi zina chikasu, chokhuthala pang'ono m'munsi.
Zamkati: woyera, wofewa, woonda, wopanda fungo lambiri.
Mabalawa amakhala pafupipafupi, otakata, osakhazikika kapena omasuka, oyera, kenako pinki kapena zonona.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku zoyera mpaka zoyera, ndipo tubercle imasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku chikasu mpaka bulauni.
Mitundu yofananira. Chikwapu choyera ndi chofanana ndi kufotokozera kwa chikwapu chagolide chachikasu (Pluteus luteovirens), chomwe chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa mtundu wa kapu mwa akuluakulu kukhala chikasu chagolide ndipo chimakhala ndi pakati pamdima wandiweyani.
Kukwanira: makapu okha ndi omwe amadyedwa, amaphika, okazinga, okazinga, owuma.
Bowa wa Seputembala ndi wodyedwa, ali mgulu la 4.
Tremellodon.
Maonekedwe a tremellodons, kunjenjemera, ma merulius akuwonetsa kuyandikira kwanyengo yophukira yophukira. Bowawa ndi wowoneka bwino, mu mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi odzola olimba, osasunthika. Amamera pazitsa kapena nthambi.
Gelatinous tremellodon (Exidia Tremellodon gelatinosum).
Malo okhala: pamitengo yovunda ndi zitsa za conifers zokutidwa ndi moss, nthawi zambiri pamitengo yolimba. Mitundu yosowa, yotchulidwa m'madera ena a Red Books.
Nyengo: July - September.
The fruiting thupi ndi eccentric ofananira mwendo mwendo. Kukula kwa kapu kumayambira 2 mpaka 7 cm. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wa zipatso za gelatinous wavy petal mtundu wa lilac kapena mtundu wachikasu-violet wokhala ndi misana yoyera kumbuyo kwa kapu. M'mphepete mwa kapu ndi pubescent, spruce.
Mwendo ndi wozungulira, wozungulira, wozungulira, 0,5-3 cm wamtali, 2-5 mm wandiweyani, woyera, gelatinous.
Zamkati: gelatinous, chikasu-imvi, ndi kukoma peppery.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa thupi la fruiting ukhoza kusiyana makamaka kuchokera ku chinyezi ndi nyengo yamvula kuchokera ku lilac kupita ku lilac bulauni.
Mitundu yofananira. Tremellodon gelatinosa ndi yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo a wavy komanso kusasinthika kwa lilac kwa thupi la zipatso zomwe zimazindikirika mosavuta. Njira Zophikira: Zokometsera zokometsera amapangidwa kuchokera ku bowawa. Ku China ndi Korea, amawetedwa ndikudyedwa yaiwisi kapena amapangidwa kukhala masukisi onunkhira.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Lepista yakuda, kapena titmouse (Lepista sordida).
Malo okhala: nkhalango zophukiranso, m'mapaki, m'minda yamasamba, m'minda ya zipatso, nthawi zambiri zimamera payokha. Mitundu yosowa, yotchulidwa m'madera ena a Dziko Lathu mu Red Book, udindo - 3R.
Nyengo: Juni - Seputembala.
Kapuyo ndi yopyapyala, imakhala ndi mainchesi 3-5, nthawi zina mpaka 7 cm, poyamba imakhala yozungulira, kenako imakhala yosalala, yowoneka ngati belu. Chosiyanitsa chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wa imvi-pinki-violet wa kapu, kukhalapo kwa tubercle yosalala pakatikati ndi utoto wabulauni m'chigawo chake chapakati, komanso m'mafanizo ang'onoang'ono m'mphepete mwake amapindika, kenako pansi pang'ono chabe.
Miyendo 3-7 cm wamtali, 4-9 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, wolimba, wakuda wabulauni-violet.
Mphuno ya bowa wa September ndi yofewa, imvi-lilac kapena imvi-violet, ndi kukoma pang'ono komanso pafupifupi fungo.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, poyamba accreted, kenako noted-mamatira. Pakati pa mbale zazikulu zomwe zimamangiriridwa ndi mbale zazifupi zaulere.
Kusinthana: Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku lilac kupita ku lilac ndi violet. M'zitsanzo zambiri, zisotizo zimakhala zamitundu yofananira ndikuwonjezeka pang'ono kwamtundu wofiirira pafupi ndi tubercle. Komabe, pali zitsanzo zomwe chigawo chapakati chimakhala chopepuka kuposa ena onse, wofiirira-lilac kapena lilac.
Mitundu yofananira. Lepista yakuda, kapena titmouse, ndi yofanana ndi mizere yofiirira (Lepista nuda), yomwe imadyedwanso, koma imasiyana ndi chipewa chokhuthala, osati chowonda, chowonda, kukula kwakukulu komanso fungo loyipa kwambiri pazamkati.
Njira zophikira: yophika, yokazinga.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Melanoleuca.
Melanoleuca ndi ofanana ndi russula, koma amasiyana ndi mtundu wa thupi ndi fungo.
Melanoleuca brevipes (Melanoleuca brevipes).
Malo okhala: nkhalango zophukiranso ndi zosakanikirana, komanso m’malo otsetsereka, zimakula m’magulu.
Nyengo: Seputembara - Novembala.
Chipewacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 4-12 cm, poyambira otukukira, kenako otukukira-kugwada ndi tubercle wosamveka, kenako pafupifupi lathyathyathya. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi chipewa chakuda chachikasu kapena mtedza wokhala ndi pakati pamdima.
Phesi ndi lalifupi, 3-6 masentimita kutalika, 7-20 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, wokulirapo pang'ono pafupi ndi maziko, choyamba imvi, kenako bulauni.
Thupi limakhala lofiirira, kenako labulauni, ndi fungo la ufa.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, amamatira, poyamba okoma, kenako achikasu.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi-chikasu mpaka imvi-bulauni, nthawi zambiri ndi utoto wa azitona.
Mitundu yofananira. Melanoleuca wamfupi-miyendo malinga ndi kufotokozera ndi ofanana ndi inedible Melanoleuca melaleuca (melanoleuca melaleuca), yomwe ili ndi mwendo wautali wosalala.
Njira zophikira: yophika, yokazinga.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Lacquer wamkulu (Laccaria proxima).
Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanizika ndi zophukira, zokulira m’magulu kapena paokha.
Nyengo: Seputembara - Novembala.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 2-8 cm, poyambira semi-spherical, pambuyo pake chowoneka bwino komanso chopendekera-chogwada ndi malo okhumudwa pang'ono. Chinthu chosiyana ndi mitunduyi ndi yofiira-bulauni kapena lilac-bulauni mtundu wa kapu ndi kukhumudwa pang'ono pakati.
Tsinde 2-8 cm wamtali, 3-9 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, kirimu poyamba, kenako kirimu pinki ndi bulauni. Kumtunda kwa mwendo kumakhala kofiira kwambiri. Pamwamba pa tsinde ndi fibrous ndi pubescent pafupi ndi maziko.
Mnofu ndi wofiirira, wopanda kukoma kotsimikizika ndi fungo.
Zolemba zapakati pafupipafupi, zotsatizana, poyamba zofiirira, zofiirira.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu ya bowa wa Seputembalawu umasiyana kuchokera ku kuwala lalanje kupita ku bulauni.
Mitundu yofananira. Lacquer, wamkulu mu maonekedwe ndi mtundu, akhoza kusokonezeka ndi lakuthwa kwambiri inedible milkweed (Lactarius acerrimus). Milky amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi fungo la fruity komanso kupezeka kwa madzi amkaka.
Njira zophikira: warka, jarka, konservirovanie.
Zodyera, gulu la 4.
Pansipa mudzapeza zomwe bowa zina zimakololedwa mu September m'chigawo cha Moscow ndi madera ena.
Bowa wina wodyedwa womwe umamera mu Seputembala
Bowa otsatirawa amakololedwanso mu Seputembala:
- bowa wa autumn
- Ryadovki
- Mabulosi akuda
- Mvula yamvula
- ziphuphu
- shiitake
- Opanga mkaka
- Chanterelles
- Russule
- Bowa loyera
- Boletus - kapu ya Orange
- Boletus.
Kenako, mupeza kuti ndi bowa ati omwe amamera m'nkhalango mu Seputembala.
Inedible September bowa
Ndikuchoka.
Otideas amalimbana ndi chisanu kuposa bowa wina chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake. Bowawa amakhala ndi matupi a fruiting ngati mafilimu wandiweyani achikasu.
Donkey otidea (Otidea onotica).
Malo okhala: pa nkhalango pansi m'nkhalango zosakaniza, kukula m'magulu.
Nyengo: Seputembara - Novembala.
Thupi la zipatso lili ndi kukula kwa 2 mpaka 8 cm, kutalika kwa 3 mpaka 10 cm. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi udzu wachikasu, wachikasu-lalanje thupi la zipatso ndi mbali zazitali zomwe zimawoneka ngati makutu a bulu. Kunja kumakhala ndi zokutira za granular kapena powdery. Mkati mwake ndi wachikasu-bulauni. Mawanga a dzimbiri amawonekera kunja kwa nthawi.
Maziko a thupi la fruiting: ngati mwendo.
Zamkati: brittle, woonda, kuwala chikasu. Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa chipatsocho ukhoza kusiyana kuchokera ku bulauni wonyezimira mpaka wachikasu-lalanje.
Mitundu yofananira. Bulu wa otidea ndi wofanana ndi mtundu wa otidea wokongola (Otidea concinna), womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake ngati chikho.
Bowa wa September awa ndi osadyedwa.
Mycenae.
Mycenae mu Seputembala ndi wochuluka kwambiri. Amalanda malo onse akuluakulu a zitsa ndi mitengo yovunda. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku burgundy yowala mpaka kirimu wotumbululuka.
Mycena Abramsii (Mycena Abramsii).
Malo okhala: pa zitsa ndi mitengo yakufa, makamaka mitengo yolimba, imamera m'magulu.
Nyengo: July - September.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 1-4 cm, choyambira ngati belu, kenako chowoneka bwino. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wachikasu-wopinki kapena wapinki-kirimu, wokhala ndi tuberculate kwambiri pakati, wokhala ndi m'mphepete mwa zoyera komanso zopepuka zoyera.
Mwendo 4-7 cm wamtali, 2-5 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, yosalala, kirimu kapena bulauni poyamba, pambuyo pake imvi-bulauni, mdima pansi. Nthawi zambiri phesi limakhala ndi tsitsi loyera pansi.
Zamkati ndi woonda, kuwala kirimu.
Zolemba zapakatikati, zokulirapo, zotambalala, zoyera ndi zopendekera thupi, nthawi zina zofiirira zofiirira.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku chikasu-pinki kupita ku chikasu-wofiira ndi ocher-pinkish. Mphepete mwa striated imakhala yopepuka mumtundu ndipo imapindika pakapita nthawi.
Mitundu yofananira. Mycena Abrams amafanananso ndi mycena Sticky (Mycena epipterygia), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi mwendo wautali wa tricolor: yoyera pamwamba, yachikasu pakati, ndi yofiirira pansi.
Kukwanira: fungo losasangalatsa silimachepetsedwa pamene decoction m'madzi 2-3, chifukwa chake samadyedwa.
Zosadyedwa.
Mycena red-marginal (Mycena rubromarginata).
Malo okhala: msipu, madambo, peat moss, pamitengo yovunda.
Nyengo: August-November.
Chipewacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 1-3 cm, poyamba chowoneka ngati belu, kenako - ngati kapu. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi kapu yooneka ngati belu yokhala ndi tubercle, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mphete yaying'ono yowala, pomwe pamakhala kapu yapakati yofiirira-yofiira; m'mphepete mwake ndi ofiira kapena okoma pinki, koma nthawi zonse amakhala opepuka kuposa pakati. Pamwamba pa kapu imakhala ndi zikwapu za radial zomwe zimagwirizana ndi malo a mbale pansi pa kapu.
Mwendo ndi wautali komanso woonda, 2-8 cm wamtali, 1-3 mm wandiweyani, wopanda dzenje, wonyezimira, wozungulira. Mtundu wa tsinde ndi wofanana ndi kapu, koma ndi wopepuka. Tsinde m'munsi lili ndi zoyera za fibrous flakes.
Zamkati ndi zoonda, zoyera, ndi fungo la radish, mnofu wa mwendo ndi pinki, umanunkhira ngati radish.
Mambale ndi omatira, otakata, ochepa, oyera-imvi okhala ndi tint thupi, nthawi zina pinki.
Kusinthana: mtundu wapakati wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku pinki kupita ku wofiirira. Mphepete mwa striated imakhala yopepuka mumtundu ndipo imapindikira m'mwamba pakapita nthawi.
Mitundu yofananira. Red-marginal mycenae amasokonezeka ndi mycenae yamagazi (Mycena epipterygia) chifukwa cha mtundu wofiyira womwewo wa kapu. Komabe, bloodspindle mycenae akhoza mwamsanga kusiyanitsidwa ndi zisonga kapu mawonekedwe ndi kusowa fungo, pamene red-maring'ono mycenae fungo ngati radishes.
Bowa wa Seputembala ndi wosadya chifukwa cha fungo lawo losasangalatsa komanso kukoma kwawo.
Mycena Sticky (Mycena epipterygia)
Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanizika ndi zophukira, pamitengo yowola, nthawi zambiri imamera m’magulu.
Nyengo: July-November.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 1-3 cm, choyamba cholozera, kenako chooneka ngati belu. Katundu wamtundu wamtunduwu ndi kapu yowoneka ngati belu ya ovoid yamtundu wa imvi kapena imvi-bulauni wokhala ndi mthunzi wowoneka bwino wa radial, wowonetsa momwe mbalezo zilili. Mtundu wa kapu pa korona ndi wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa m'mphepete.
Mwendo ndi woonda, 2-6 cm wamtali, 1-3 mm wandiweyani, wandiweyani, womata. Chinthu chachiwiri chosiyanitsa mitundu yamtunduwu ndi mtundu wa tsinde, umasintha kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, pamutu ndi wonyezimira wonyezimira, wachikasu pakati, pansi pa chikasu chofiirira, bulauni kapena bulauni m'munsi, nthawi zina ndi lingaliro la dzimbiri.
Zamkati ndi zopyapyala, zamadzi.
Mambale ndi osowa, amamatira kwambiri, oyera mu mtundu.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi kupita ku buff ndi imvi-bulauni.
Mitundu yofananira. Mycenae ndi womata mumtundu, zisoti ndi miyendo ndi ofanana ndi mycenae woonda-capped mycenae (Mycena leptocephala), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi fungo la madzi a chlorine.
Sadyedwa chifukwa alibe kukoma.
Mycena woyera, mawonekedwe oyera (Mycena pura, f. alba).
Malo okhala: nkhalango zodula, pakati pa udzudzu ndi pansi pa nkhalango, zimakula m’magulu.
Nyengo: Juni - Seputembala.
Chophimbacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 2-6 cm, poyamba chooneka ngati kondomu kapena belu, kenako chophwanyika. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wamtundu wa imvi-mtedza kapena imvi-kirimu, wokhala ndi tubercle yamtundu wofiirira komanso ma radial scaly shading pamwamba.
Mwendo wa 4-8 masentimita, 3-6 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, wandiweyani, wofanana ndi kapu, wokutidwa ndi ulusi wambiri wautali.
Mnofu wa kapu ndi woyera, ndi fungo lamphamvu la radish.
Zolemba zapakati pafupipafupi, zokulirapo, zotsatizana, pakati pomwe pali zolembera zazifupi zaulere.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi-kirimu kupita ku yoyera.
Mitundu yofananira. Mycena iyi ndi yofanana ndi mkaka wa mycena (Mycena galopus), womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa bulauni wa miyendo.
Bowa wa September awa ndi osadyedwa.
Mafuta a Collybia, mawonekedwe a asema (Collybia butyracea, f. asema).
Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi za coniferous, zomwe zikukula m'magulu.
Nyengo: May - September.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 2-5 cm, poyamba otukukira ndi otsika m'mphepete, kenako otukukira-kugwada. Chosiyanitsa chamtunduwu ndi chipewa chokhala ndi zigawo zitatu: chapakati, chakuda kwambiri ndi bulauni, chachiwiri chokhazikika ndi kirimu kapena pinki, chachitatu chokhazikika m'mphepete ndi bulauni.
Mwendo 3-7 masentimita, 3-8 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, woyera poyamba, kenako kuwala kirimu ndi imvi kirimu. Pafupi ndi tsinde la tsinde, pakapita nthawi, madera osiyana amtundu wofiyira-bulauni amawonekera.
Zamkati ndi wandiweyani, fibrous, yoyera, popanda fungo lapadera, spore ufa ndi kuwala kirimu.
Zolemba zapakati pafupipafupi, zoyera zoyamba, zonona pambuyo pake, zolumikizidwa.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa chigawo chapakati cha kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka bulauni, ndipo madera okhazikika - kuchokera ku kirimu kupita ku chikasu-bulauni.
Mitundu yofananira. Mitunduyi ndi yofanana ndi Collybia dryophila, yomwe ilinso ndi madera ozungulira, koma ili ndi chigawo chapakati chofiira komanso chobiriwira chachikasu.
Zosadyedwa.
Chikwapu chachinyamata (Pluteus ephebeus).
Malo okhala: pamitengo yovunda ndi zitsa, pa utuchi wa mitengo ya coniferous ndi yophukira, imakula m'magulu kapena imodzi.
Nyengo: Juni - Seputembala.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 3-7 cm, poyamba chooneka ngati belu, kenako chowoneka bwino komanso chogwada. Chodziwika bwino cha mtundu wamtunduwu ndi chipewa chowoneka bwino chamtundu wakuda komanso mwendo wokhala ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono akuda.
Miyendo 3-10 cm wamtali, 4 mpaka 10 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, ikukula pang'ono m'munsi. Mwendo wake ndi wotuwa, ndipo ulusi wautali wake umakhala wakuda kapena woderapo. Mwendo umakhala wa dzenje pakapita nthawi.
Zamkati: zofewa ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kununkhiza.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, oyera poyamba, kenako zonona ndi pinki m'mphepete mwakuda bulauni.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku imvi-wakuda mpaka mbewa.
Mitundu yofananira. Mliri waunyamata ndi wofanana ndi mliri wawung'ono (Pluteus nanus), womwe umasiyanitsidwa ndi chipewa chosalala chofiirira chokhala ndi tubercle.
Bowa wa September awa ndi osadyedwa.
Hymnopil.
Ngati bowa m'nyengo yozizira alibe mapasa oopsa m'nyengo yozizira, ndiye kuti m'dzinja ali. Izi zikuphatikizapo hymnopiles, kapena moths.
Gymnopil kulowa (Gymnopilus penetrans).
Malo okhala: pa zitsa ndi pafupi ndi nkhuni zakufa m'nkhalango zodula, zomera m'magulu.
Nyengo: september - Novembala
Chophimbacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 2-7 cm, poyamba chimakhala chowoneka bwino, kenako chimagwada. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wachikasu-lalanje wa kapu wokhala ndi mthunzi wopepuka m'mphepete, wokhala ndi tsinde lapakati kapena eccentric, komanso mapulasitiki omwe amadetsedwa osati padziko lonse lapansi, koma pafupi ndi tsinde.
Mwendo umakhala wapakati kapena wapakati, wopepuka pang'ono kuposa kapu kapena mtundu womwewo, wosagwirizana, wopindika, 3-8 cm wamtali, 4-9 mm wandiweyani.
Thupi limakhala loyera poyamba, kenako chikasu.
Mabalawa amatsatira, akutsika pa tsinde, mu zitsanzo zazing'ono amakhala achikasu, ndipo potsirizira pake wofiirira-bulauni, ndipo mtundu sumaphimba mbali yonse ya kumbuyo kwa kapu, koma pang'onopang'ono, umakhala m'dera lonselo.
Mitundu yofananira. Hymnopile, yomwe imalowa mkati mwa mtundu wa kapu ndi kusowa kwa mphete, imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi honey agaric yozizira, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala yosokonezeka. Tikumbukenso kuti bowa si poizoni, ndi inedible, monga zoipa, ngati kutafuna udzu. Sikovuta kuwasiyanitsa ndi mbale - mu bowa wa uchi amakhala omasuka ndipo amapindika mkati, pamene mu hymnopile amakula ndikutsika pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, mbale za hymnopile ndizochulukirapo.
Kukwanira: zosadyedwa.
Gymnopilus Hybridus (Gymnopilus Hybridus).
Malo okhala: pazitsa ndi pafupi ndi mitengo yakufa m'nkhalango zodula komanso zodula, pafupi ndi mitengo yamkuyu, zimakula m'magulu.
Nyengo: Seputembara - Novembala.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 2-9 cm, poyambira mwamphamvu kwambiri, pambuyo pake chimagwada ndi m'mphepete mwake chopindika pang'ono. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi mtundu wachikasu-lalanje wa kapu wokhala ndi mthunzi wopepuka m'mphepete, wokhala ndi phesi lapakati kapena la eccentric komanso wokhala ndi tubercle mu zitsanzo zazing'ono.
Mwendo umakhala wapakati kapena wapakati, wopepuka pang'ono kuposa kapu kapena mtundu womwewo, wosagwirizana, wopindika, 3-8 cm wamtali, 4-9 mm wandiweyani. Pamwendo pali mawonekedwe a mphete. Tsinde lake ndi lakuda kuposa kapu.
Thupi limakhala loyera poyamba, kenako chikasu.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, amamatira, kutsika patsinde, kuwala chikasu mu zitsanzo achinyamata, ndipo nthawi dzimbiri-bulauni.
Mitundu yofananira. Hymnopile wosakanizidwa nthawi yomweyo amafanana m'njira zitatu za bowa m'nyengo yozizira: mumtundu wa kapu, kusowa kwa mphete ndi mbale zaulere. Tikumbukenso kuti bowa si poizoni, ndi inedible, monga zoipa, ngati kutafuna udzu. Sikovuta kuwasiyanitsa ndi mbale: hymnopile imakhala ndi mbale zambiri.
Kukwanira: zosadyedwa.
Gymnopilus (moth) kuwala (Gymnopilus junonius).
Malo okhala: pazitsa ndi pafupi ndi mitengo yakufa m'nkhalango zodula komanso zobiriwira, zomwe zimakula m'magulu.
Nyengo: Seputembara - Novembala.
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 2-5 cm, poyamba otukuka, pafupifupi hemispherical, pambuyo pake amagwada ndi m'mphepete pang'ono. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi chipewa chowuma, chachikasu-lalanje chophimbidwa ndi ulusi. M'mphepete mwa kapu ndi opepuka, ndi zotsalira za bedspread.
Tsinde lili ndi mtundu wofanana ndi kapu, lili ndi makulidwe m'munsi. Kutalika kwa miyendo - 3-7 cm, makulidwe 4-7 mm. Chinthu chachiwiri chosiyanitsa ndi kukhalapo kwa mphete yakuda pamwamba pa tsinde. Pamwamba pa mwendo pali ulusi.
Thupi limakhala loyera poyamba, kenako chikasu.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, amamatira, kutsika patsinde, kuwala chikasu mu zitsanzo achinyamata, ndipo nthawi dzimbiri-bulauni.
Mitundu yofananira. Gymnopile, kapena njenjete yowala, chifukwa cha mtundu ndi kupezeka kwa mpheteyo, imawoneka ngati uchi wa chilimwe agaric, ndipo chifukwa cha mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a chipewa mu zitsanzo za akuluakulu, amawoneka ngati agaric uchi wachisanu. Bowa uwu uyenera kusiyanitsa bwino ndi bowa wa uchi, chifukwa ndi wakupha. Zimasiyana ndi uchi wa chilimwe agaric wokhala ndi chipewa chamtundu umodzi wopanda malo opepuka pakati pa chipewa, komanso kuchokera ku honey honey agaric pamaso pa mphete ndi mbale zochulukirapo.
Kukwanira: chakupha chakupha!
Calocera.
Tsopano ndi nthawi ya nyanga. Zikuwoneka, zikuwoneka, pansi, koma kwenikweni nthawi zambiri pamizu ya zomera ndi pamitengo yakale, yovunda.
Calocera viscosa (Calocera viscosa).
Malo okhala: nkhalango pansi kapena matabwa akufa a nkhalango zodula ndi zosakanizika, zokulira m’magulu.
Nyengo: Seputembara - Novembala.
Chipatsocho chimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 1-5 cm, chimakhala ndi matupi osiyana a fruiting monga nyanga za nthambi. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi mtundu wachikasu-ndimu wa nyanga za nthambi; angapo a iwo akhoza kukula kuchokera m'munsi umodzi.
Mwendo. Palibe mwendo wosiyana, wowonekera momveka bwino, koma pali maziko ang'onoang'ono omwe nyanga za nthambi zimatambasula.
Zamkati: zotanuka, chikasu, wandiweyani, mtundu womwewo monga fruiting thupi.
Mbiri. Palibe mbale ngati zotere.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa chipatsocho ukhoza kukhala wobiriwira mpaka wachikasu mpaka wobiriwira.
Mitundu yofananira. Kalocera womata pofotokozera ndi wofanana ndi calocera wooneka ngati nyanga (Calocera cornea), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kusakhalapo kwa nthambi za matupi a fruiting.
Zosadyedwa.
Merulius tremellosus (Merulius tremellosus).
Malo okhala: pamitengo yakugwa yolimba, yomera m’mizere.
Nyengo: Seputembara - Novembala.
Thupi la zipatso lili ndi m'lifupi mwake 2-5 cm, kutalika kwa 3-10 cm. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi chipatso chopendekeka, chowoneka ngati chifaniziro chamtundu wapinki wokhala ndi m'mbali zoyera. Pamwamba pa thupi la fruiting ndi laubweya-prickly, m'mphepete mwake ndi wavy.
Hymenophore: zozungulira, ma cell-sinuous, creamy pinkish, owala m'munsi.
Zamkati ndi woonda, zotanuka, wandiweyani, popanda fungo lapadera.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa thupi la fruiting umasiyana kuchokera ku pinki kupita ku zonona.
Mitundu yofananira. Kunjenjemera kwa Merulius ndi kofanana ndi bowa wa sulfure yellow tinder (Laetiporus sulphureus), womwe umasiyana osati wakuthwa, koma m'mbali zozungulira komanso kusasinthika kwa thupi la zipatso.
Zosadyedwa.
Wolankhula wakuda-chikasu (Clitocybe gliva).
Nyengo: Julayi mpaka Seputembara
Malo okhala: nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi za coniferous, zomwe zimakula paokha kapena m'magulu.
Chovalacho ndi 3-7 masentimita m'mimba mwake, nthawi zina mpaka 10 cm, poyamba chimakhala ndi tubercle yaying'ono yosalala ndi m'mphepete mwake yokhotakhota pansi, pambuyo pake yosalala ndi kukhumudwa pang'ono ndi m'mphepete mwawonda wavy, matte. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi kapu ya bulauni-lalanje kapena yofiira, yachikasu-lalanje, yofiirira-yachikasu ndi mawanga a dzimbiri kapena zofiirira.
Mwendo wa 3-6 masentimita, 5-12 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, ngakhale wokhotakhota pang'ono, wochepetsetsa pang'ono kumunsi, ulusi, ndi pubescence woyera pafupi ndi maziko, mtundu womwewo ndi kapu kapena wopepuka, nthawi zambiri wachikasu-ocher.
Thupi ndi lolimba, loterera kapena lachikasu, lonunkhira bwino komanso lowawa pang'ono.
Mabalawa amakhala pafupipafupi, opapatiza, akutsika patsinde, amamangiriridwa, nthawi zina amakhala ndi foloko, poyamba kuwala kapena chikasu, kenako bulauni ndi mawanga dzimbiri.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku kuwala ndi chikasu-lalanje mpaka bulauni-lalanje.
Mitundu yofananira. Wolankhula wofiirira-wachikasu mawonekedwe, kukula ndi mtundu waukulu wa kapu amafanana ndi cholankhulira chopindika (Clitocybe geotrapa), chomwe chimasiyanitsidwa ndi kusakhalapo kwa mawanga a dzimbiri ndipo chimakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu lazipatso.
Kukwanira: bowa ndi poizoni chifukwa zili muscarine.
Chapoizoni.
Hornbill molunjika (Ramaria stricta).
Malo okhala: nkhalango pansi kapena mitengo yakufa ya nkhalango zodula ndi zosakanizika, zokulira m’magulu kapena mizere.
Nyengo: July - September.
Chipatsocho chimakhala ndi kutalika kwa 4-10 cm, nthawi zina chimakhala ndi nthambi zambiri za nthambi. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha zamoyozo ndi mawonekedwe a coral-woyera-kirimu kapena mtundu woyera-pinki kuchokera ku matupi ambiri a nthambi okhala ndi nsonga imodzi kapena ziwiri. "Nthambi" zosiyana za bowa zimapanikizana wina ndi mzake, nthambi zimayambira pamtunda kuchokera theka mpaka magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse a msinkhu wa fruiting.
Mwendo. Palibe tsinde losiyana, lodziwika bwino, koma pali maziko ang'onoang'ono omwe matupi a fruiting amafalikira, m'lifupi chitsamba chonsecho ndi 3 mpaka 8 cm mulifupi.
Zamkati: zoyera kapena zotsekemera, kenako zimakhala zofiira
Mbiri. Palibe mbale ngati zotere.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa chipatsocho ukhoza kusiyana kuchokera ku zoyera zoyera mpaka zachikasu ndi zofiirira.
Mitundu yofananira. Nyanga yowongoka ikuwoneka ngati chisa hornbill (Clavulina cristata), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi "nthambi" yokhala ndi scallops ndi mphonje pamwamba.
Zosadyedwa.