Kugonana kwa ana: choopsa ndi chiyani ndipo chingakanidwe?

Masiku ano, ana ndi achinyamata amatha kupeza zithunzi zolaula mosavuta, ndipo Instagram (bungwe lochita zinthu monyanyira loletsedwa ku Russia) ndi mphamvu zake zokonzanso zimapangitsa anthu ambiri kuchita manyazi ndi thupi lawo "lopanda ungwiro".

“Kugonana koyambirira kumakhudza makamaka atsikana ndi atsikana, akutero wochiritsa mabanja Catherine McCall. “Zithunzi zachikazi zomwe zimazungulira mtsikana zimamupangitsa kukhala zitsanzo zomwe amaphunzira kukhala ndi makhalidwe, kulankhulana ndi kupanga umunthu wake. Ngati msungwana ali wamng'ono waphunzira kuchitira mkazi ngati chinthu chokhumba, akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la kudzidalira, kuwonjezereka kwa nkhawa, kusokonezeka kwa kudya ndi kuledzera kungayambe.

"Ndikuopa kutumiza zithunzi zanga, sindine wangwiro"

Mu 2006, bungwe la American Psychological Association linapanga gulu loti liwunikire vuto la kugonana kwa ana.

Malingana ndi zotsatira za ntchito yake, akatswiri a zamaganizo apanga zinthu zinayi zomwe zimasiyanitsa kugonana ndi malingaliro abwino a kugonana¹:

mtengo wa munthu umatsimikiziridwa ndi maonekedwe ndi khalidwe;

kukopa kwakunja kumazindikiridwa ndi kugonana, ndi kugonana ndi chisangalalo ndi kupambana;

munthu amatengedwa ngati chinthu chogonana, osati ngati munthu wodziimira yekha ndi ufulu wosankha;

kugonana monga muyezo waukulu kuti apambane ndi mwaukali anaika mu TV ndi chilengedwe cha mwanayo.

Mtsikana wina wazaka 15 dzina lake Liza ananena kuti: “Ndikapita pa Facebook (bungwe lochita zinthu monyanyira loletsedwa ku Russia), chinthu choyamba chimene ndimaona ndi zithunzi za anthu amene ndikuwadziwa.. - Pansi pa zokongola kwambiri za iwo, anthu amasiya mazana okonda. Ndikuwopa kutumiza zithunzi zanga chifukwa zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti ndiyenera kukhala wochepa thupi, wokhala ndi khungu labwino lomwelo komanso mawonekedwe okhazikika. Inde, amandipatsanso zokonda, koma zochepa - ndiyeno ndimayamba kulingalira zomwe iwo omwe amangoyang'ana ndikuyenda akuganiza. Ndizoyipa!»

Amakula mofulumira kwambiri

"Moyo umayenda mofulumira kwambiri ndipo timakumbatira zipangizo zamakono tisanazindikire momwe zikusintha miyoyo yathu," akufotokoza Reg Baily, mtsogoleri wa Mothers Council UK. Mwana akatumiza chithunzi kwa mnzake kapena kugawana nawo pagulu, sazindikira nthawi zonse zotsatira zake.

Malinga ndi iye, makolo nthawi zambiri amakonda kunyalanyaza nkhani zimenezi. Nthawi zina ukadaulo wokha umakhala njira yothawirako zokambirana zovuta. Koma izi zimangowonjezera kudzipatula kwa ana, kuwasiya kuti athane ndi mantha ndi nkhawa zawo paokha. N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezi zikuchitika? Kodi zovutazi zimachokera kuti?

Mu 2015, tsamba lachidziwitso cha makolo aku Britain a Netmums adachita kafukufuku yemwe adapeza:

89% ya makolo achichepere amakhulupirira kuti ana awo akukula mwachangu kwambiri - osachepera mwachangu kuposa iwowo.

“Makolo ndi osokonezeka, sadziwa kulankhula ndi ana amene zokumana nazo zawo n’zosiyana kwambiri ndi zawo,” anamaliza motero Siobhan Freegard, woyambitsa wa Netmums. Ndipo ali ndi chifukwa. Malingana ndi kafukufuku, mu theka la makolo, chinthu chofunika kwambiri mwa munthu ndi maonekedwe okongola.

fyuluta yachilengedwe

Akuluakulu amaona chiwopsezocho, koma sangachite chilichonse. Amalephera kupeza gwero la vutolo chifukwa kwenikweni palibe gwero limodzi. Pali kusakanikirana koopsa kwa kutsatsa, zinthu zapa TV ndi maubwenzi a anzawo. Zonsezi zimasokoneza mwanayo, zimamukakamiza kuti azidzifunsa nthawi zonse: muyenera kuchita chiyani ndikumverera kuti mukhale wamkulu? Kudzidalira kwake kumawukiridwa nthawi zonse kuchokera kumbali zonse. " Kodi ziwawazi zingathetsedwe?

"Pali fyuluta yachilengedwe yomwe imasefa zidziwitso zoyipa - uku ndikukhazikika kwamalingaliro, Reg Bailey akuti "Ana omwe amadziwa zotsatira za zochita zawo amatha kupanga zisankho paokha." Gulu lochokera ku yunivesite ya Pennsylvania (USA) linapeza kuti n'kulakwa kuteteza mwanayo ku zomwe zingamuvulaze - pamenepa, sadzakhala ndi "chitetezo" chachibadwa².

Njira yabwino, malinga ndi olemba, ndi chiwopsezo cholamulidwa: muloleni iye afufuze dziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo dziko la intaneti, koma amuphunzitse kufunsa mafunso ndikugawana malingaliro ake ndi malingaliro ake. "Ntchito ya makolo si kuopseza mwana ndi zithunzi za dziko lakuda" la "akuluakulu", koma kugawana nawo zomwe akumana nazo ndikukambirana nkhani zovuta.

¹ Kuti mumve zambiri, onani tsamba la American Psychological Association apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report.aspx.

² P. Wisniewski, et al. "Msonkhano wa ACM pa Zinthu Zaumunthu mu Computing Systems", 2016.