Shod Row (Tricholoma caligatum) chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

Mzere wa nsapato (Tricholoma caligatum)

• Matsutake
• Mzere wamawanga

• Mzere wamawanga;
• Matsutake;
• bowa wa pine;
• nyanga za paini.

Shod Row (Tricholoma caligatum) ndi bowa wodyedwa wa banja la Tricholomov, mtundu wa Ryadovok.

Mzere wa Shod (Tricholoma caligatum) umadziwikanso pansi pa dzina lina - matsutake. bowa uwu umabala zipatso bwino, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza. Chinthucho ndi chakuti matupi a fruiting a mzere wa mawanga amabisika bwino pansi pa masamba akugwa. Chifukwa cha zovuta kupeza mtengo ndi mtengo wa matupi a fruiting a mzere wa nsapato, ndizokwera kwambiri.

Chikhalidwe cha bowa wofotokozedwa ndi kukhalapo kwa miyendo yayitali komanso yobzalidwa m'nthaka, yomwe kutalika kwake kumatha kufika 7-10 cm. Ntchito yayikulu ya wotola bowa yemwe wapeza matupi amizere yamawanga panjira yake ndikuchotsa bowa m'nthaka popanda kuwonongeka. Bowa sadziwika bwino, koma ndi bwino kudya mosiyanasiyana.

Kutalika kwa kapu ya mizere yamawanga kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 5-20 cm. Amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a semicircular, wandiweyani, minofu, m'matupi okhwima okhwima ndi athyathyathya, ali ndi tubercle pakatikati. Mtundu wa kapu ukhoza kukhala brownish-chestnut kapena brownish-gray. Malo ake onse amakutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono, omangika mwamphamvu omwe ali pamtunda wopepuka. Nthawi zambiri, pamwamba pa thupi la fruiting la mzere wa mawanga, zotsalira za chophimba wamba zimawonekera. Mphepete mwa kapu ya bowa wofotokozedwayo amadziŵika ndi mtundu woyera, wosafanana, ndi wonyezimira.

Miyendo ya mizere yowoneka bwino ndi 5-12 cm, ndipo m'mimba mwake imasiyanasiyana pakati pa 1.5-2.5 cm. Mwendo wokha uli pakati, uli ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical ndi tapers pafupi ndi maziko. Mtundu wa tsinde pansi pa mpheteyo ukhoza kukhala wa powdery kapena woyera, ndipo pamwamba pake pansi pa mpheteyo ndi yodzaza ndi mamba omwe ali ofanana ndi mamba omwe amaphimba kapu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mamba pamwamba pa mwendo ali ndi malo osodza, masitepe.

Mphete pa tsinde la bowa imatanthauzidwa bwino, yokutidwa ndi miyeso yambiri kunja, ndi yoyera kwathunthu mkati. Zamkati za bowa zimakhala ndi fungo labwino la fruity ndi kukoma, komwe kumadziwika ndi mtundu woyera. The hymenophore ya mzere wa mawanga ndi lamellar. Ma mbale omwe amapangidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala, nthawi zambiri amamatira pamwamba pa thupi la fruiting, amakhala ndi mtundu woyera. Ufa wa spore wa mitundu yofotokozedwa ya bowa umadziwikanso ndi mtundu woyera.

Kupalasa nsapato kumamera mu coniferous (makamaka paini), komanso m'nkhalango zosakanikirana (paini-oak). The kwambiri yogwira fruiting imapezeka kuyambira September mpaka November (ndiko kuti, m'dzinja lonse).

Mapangidwe a fruiting matupi a mawanga mizere kumachitika pa kuya mokwanira lalikulu zomera m'nthaka. Tsinde la bowa limakhala pansi pa nthaka, choncho pokolola, bowa umayenera kukumbidwa. Kununkhira kwa kupalasa nsapato ndi kodabwitsa kwambiri, kofanana ndi kununkhira kwa tsabola. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, pamene bowa wofotokozedwawo akuwonekera pamwamba, nthaka imayamba kusweka kwambiri. Bowa wotere samapezeka kawirikawiri mu mawonekedwe aumwini, amakula makamaka m'magulu akuluakulu.

M'gawo la Dziko Lathu, mizere yamawanga imamera makamaka kumadera akum'mawa kwa dzikoli. Mutha kukumana naye ku Urals, kudera la Irkutsk (Eastern Siberia), ku Khabarovsk Territory ndi Amur Region. Ndipo mu Primorsky Territory, mizere ya nsapato ikuphatikizidwa mu Red Book. Bowa wotere sapezeka kawirikawiri m'mayiko a ku Ulaya.

Matsutake fruiting amapezeka makamaka paini ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana (paini-oak). Amatha kupanga mycorrhiza ndi mitengo ya coniferous (makamaka paini). Nthawi zambiri sangapange mycorrhiza ndi mitengo yophukira, makamaka ma oak. Mizere ya mawanga imasankha minda yakale ya pine kuti ikule. Kuzungulira mtengo wa coniferous, bowawa amapanga zomwe zimatchedwa mabwalo amatsenga, akusonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu. Ndizosangalatsa kuti mizere yowoneka bwino imabisala mwaluso pansi pa masamba akugwa amitengo yomwe yaima pafupi ndi mapinini. Bowa wofotokozedwayo amakonda kumera m’nthaka youma, yomwe si yachonde kwambiri. Mizere yamaanga-maanga sakula m'malo amodzi kwa zaka zopitilira 10.

Mizere ya nsapato - bowa ndi wochepa kwambiri, choncho amakolola pokhapokha nyengo zina zitakhazikitsidwa. Kuti zokolola za mizere ya nsapato zikhale zabwino, m'pofunika kuti kutentha kwa masana kusapitirire 26 ºC, ndipo kutentha kwa usiku sikutsika pansi pa 15 ºC. Chinthu china chofunikira pakukula kwa matsutake ndi mvula yopitilira 20 mm m'masiku 100 apitawa. Ngati nyengo yabwino imapangidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndiye kuti mizere yamawanga imatha kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti.

Mzere wa Shod (Tricholoma caligatum) ndi wa bowa wodyedwa, ndipo amakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino. Ndiwofunika kwambiri makamaka ku Japan ndi mayiko a Kum'mawa. Bowa uwu ukhoza yokazinga, pamene kutentha mankhwala amathetsa zosasangalatsa aftertaste, kusiya kokha aftertaste sweetish. Mzere wabwino ndi nsapato ndi pickling. Ma gourmets ena amazindikira kuti mizere iyi ili ndi kukoma kolimba kwa peyala. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zikuchokera anafotokoza mtundu wa mizere muli wapadera antibiotic, ndi ena antitumor zinthu. Kuchita bwino kwawo kwatsimikiziridwa kudzera mu maphunziro a mbewa zoyera. Mu Ussuriysky Reserve, bowa amatetezedwa, komanso ku Kedrovaya Lad Reserve. Kukhalapo kwa mankhwala m'mizere yamawanga kumapangitsa bowa kukhala wofunika kwambiri ku Japan, komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chakudya. Sizingatheke kuzifutsa ndi kuwiritsa, komanso mchere. Mizere yokhala ndi mawanga ndi mchere imakhala yowundana komanso yopyapyala.

Ku Japan ndi maiko ena akum'mawa, mizere yamawanga imabzalidwa. Ma gourmets ena amazindikira kuti bowa ali ndi zowawa zowawa, ndipo kukoma kwake ndi ufa kapena tchizi.