Achinyamata amasiku ano amathera nthawi yochuluka akuyang'ana zowonetsera mafoni awo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, ana azaka zapakati pa 11 mpaka 15 amayang'ana zowonetsera kwa maola asanu ndi limodzi kapena asanu ndi atatu patsiku, ndipo izi siziphatikizapo nthawi yomwe amathera pa kompyuta pochita homuweki. M'malo mwake, ku UK, ngakhale wamkulu wamba adawonedwa kuti amathera nthawi yochulukirapo akuyang'ana pazenera kuposa kugona.
Zimayamba kale ali mwana. Ku UK, mwana mmodzi mwa atatu aliwonse amatha kugwiritsa ntchito tabuleti asanakwanitse zaka zinayi.
N’zosadabwitsa kuti achinyamata a masiku ano amangoyamba kumene kulowa nawo malo ochezera a pa Intaneti omwe anthu achikulire akugwiritsa ntchito kale. Snapchat, mwachitsanzo, ndi yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata. Kafukufuku yemwe adachitika mu Disembala 2017 adawonetsa kuti 70% ya achinyamata azaka 13-18 amagwiritsa ntchito. Ambiri mwa omwe adafunsidwa alinso ndi akaunti ya Instagram.
Anthu opitilira mabiliyoni atatu tsopano alembetsedwa pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kapena angapo. Timathera nthawi yambiri kumeneko, pafupifupi maola 2-3 pa tsiku.
Mchitidwewu ukuwonetsa zotsatira zovuta, ndipo poyang'ana kutchuka kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, ofufuza akuyang'ana kuti adziwe momwe zimakhudzira mbali zosiyanasiyana za thanzi lathu, kuphatikizapo kugona, kufunikira kwake komwe panopa kumalandira chidwi kwambiri.
Zinthu sizikuwoneka zolimbikitsa kwambiri. Ofufuza akufika pozindikira kuti malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ali ndi vuto linalake pa kugona kwathu komanso thanzi lathu la maganizo.
Brian Primak, mkulu wa Center for Media, Technology and Health Studies ku yunivesite ya Pittsburgh, adakondwera ndi zotsatira za chikhalidwe cha anthu pamene zinayamba kugwira ntchito m'miyoyo yathu. Pamodzi ndi Jessica Levenson, wofufuza pa yunivesite ya Pittsburgh School of Medicine, amafufuza mgwirizano pakati pa teknoloji ndi thanzi la maganizo, ndikuzindikira zabwino ndi zoipa.
Poyang'ana kugwirizana pakati pa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kuvutika maganizo, amayembekezera kuti padzakhala zotsatira ziwiri. Zinkaganiziridwa kuti malo ochezera a pa Intaneti nthawi zina amatha kuthetsa kuvutika maganizo ndipo nthawi zina kumawonjezera - zotsatira zake zidzawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a "u-shaped" curve pa graph. Komabe, zotsatira za kafukufuku amene anapeza anthu pafupifupi 2000 zinadabwitsa ofufuzawo. Panalibe mpiringidzo nkomwe - mzerewo unali wowongoka ndi wopendekera kunjira yosayenera. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kufalikira kwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kuvutika maganizo, nkhawa, ndi kudzipatula.
"M'lingaliro, munganene kuti: munthu uyu amalankhulana ndi abwenzi, amawatumizira kumwetulira ndi zithunzithunzi, ali ndi maubwenzi ambiri, amakonda kwambiri. Koma tinapeza kuti anthu oterowo amadziona ngati odzipatula,” akutero Primak.
Ulalowu sunadziwike, komabe: kodi kukhumudwa kumakulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kumawonjezera kukhumudwa? Primack akukhulupirira kuti izi zitha kugwira ntchito zonse ziwiri, ndikupangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zovuta kwambiri chifukwa "pakhoza kukhala vuto lalikulu." Munthu akamavutika maganizo kwambiri, m’pamenenso amagwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimachititsa kuti m’maganizo mwake mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Koma pali vuto linanso losokoneza. Pakafukufuku wa Seputembala 2017 wa achinyamata opitilira 1700, Primak ndi anzawo adapeza kuti zikafika pazolumikizana pazama TV, nthawi yamasana imakhala yofunika kwambiri. Nthawi yapa social media yomwe idathera mphindi 30 asanagone yatchulidwa kuti ndiyomwe imayambitsa kusagona bwino usiku. "Ndipo izi sizidalira nthawi yonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito patsiku," akutero Primak.
Mwachiwonekere, kuti mugone bwino, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchita popanda ukadaulo kwa mphindi 30. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingafotokoze izi. Choyamba, kuwala kwa buluu komwe kumachokera pazithunzi za foni kumapondereza melatonin, mankhwala omwe amatiuza kuti nthawi yogona yakwana. Ndizothekanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kumawonjezera nkhawa masana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugona. Primak anati: “Tikamayesa kugona, timakhala ndi nkhawa komanso timavutika maganizo. Pomaliza, chifukwa chodziwikiratu: malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi okopa kwambiri ndipo amangochepetsa nthawi yogona.
Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zimadziwika kuti zimathandiza anthu kugona bwino. Ndipo nthawi imene timathera pafoni yathu imachepetsa nthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. “Chifukwa cha malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, timakhala moyo wongokhala. Mukakhala ndi foni yam'manja m'manja mwanu, simungathe kusuntha, kuthamanga ndikugwedeza manja anu. Pamenepa, tidzakhala ndi mbadwo watsopano umene sudzatha kusuntha,” akutero Arik Sigman, mphunzitsi wodziimira pawokha wa maphunziro a za umoyo wa ana.
Ngati kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti kumawonjezera nkhawa komanso kukhumudwa, izi zimatha kusokoneza kugona. Ngati mukugona pabedi kufananiza moyo wanu ndi maakaunti a anthu ena olembedwa ndi #feelingblessed ndi #myperfectlife ndi zodzaza ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa, mutha kuyamba mosazindikira kuganiza kuti moyo wanu ndi wotopetsa, zomwe zingakupangitseni kukhala oipitsitsa ndikukulepheretsani kugona.
Ndipo kotero ndizotheka kuti zonse zimagwirizana pankhaniyi. Malo ochezera a pa Intaneti agwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kupsinjika maganizo, nkhawa, ndi kugona. Ndipo kusowa tulo kungawononge thanzi la maganizo komanso kukhala zotsatira za matenda a maganizo.
Kusagona tulo kumakhalanso ndi zotsatirapo zina: zakhala zikugwirizana ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda a mtima, matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kusachita bwino m'maphunziro, kuchitapo kanthu pang'onopang'ono pamene mukuyendetsa galimoto, khalidwe loipa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ... mndandanda ukupitirirabe.
Choipa kwambiri n’chakuti, kulephera kugona n’kofala kwambiri mwa achinyamata. Izi zili choncho chifukwa nthawi yaunyamata ndi nthawi yofunikira kusintha kwachilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa umunthu.
Levenson akuwona kuti malo ochezera a pa Intaneti ndi zolemba ndi kafukufuku m'munda zikukula ndikusintha mofulumira kwambiri moti n'zovuta kusunga. "Pakadali pano, tili ndi udindo wofufuza zotsatira zake - zabwino ndi zoyipa," akutero. “Dziko layamba kumene kuganizira mmene ma TV amakhudzira thanzi lathu. Aphunzitsi, makolo, ndi madokotala a ana ayenera kufunsa achinyamata: Kodi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti? Ndi nthawi yanji ya tsiku? Kodi zimawapangitsa kumva bwanji?
Mwachiwonekere, pofuna kuchepetsa zotsatira zoipa za malo ochezera a pa Intaneti pa thanzi lathu, m'pofunika kuwagwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Sigman akuti tiyenera kupatula nthawi zina masana kuti tichotse malingaliro athu paziwonetsero zathu, ndikuchitanso chimodzimodzi kwa ana. Makolo, akuti, akuyenera kupanga nyumba zawo kuti zisakhale ndi zida "kotero kuti malo ochezera a pa Intaneti asamalowe m'mbali zonse za moyo wanu kosatha." Zimenezi n’zofunika kwambiri chifukwa ana sanayambebe kudziletsa kuti adziwe nthawi yoti asiye.
Primak akuvomereza. Sakuyitanitsa kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, koma akuganiza kuti ndi zingati - komanso nthawi yanji - mumazichita.
Chifukwa chake, ngati mumangoyang'ana chakudya chanu usiku watha musanagone, ndipo lero mukumva kuti mulibe chochita, mwina nthawi ina mutha kukonza. Ikani foni yanu pansi theka la ola musanagone ndipo mudzamva bwino m'mawa.