Zamkatimu
Amalume Fyodor ndi anzawo amiyendo inayi, Malysh ndi bwenzi lawo lodyetsedwa bwino lomwe Carlson, Umka ndi amayi awo oleza mtima… Ndikoyenera kuwonera makatuni omwe mumawakonda paubwana wathu.
"Atatu ochokera ku Prostokvashino"
Chojambulacho chinapangidwa mu studio ya Soyuzmultfilm mu 1984 potengera buku la Eduard Uspensky "Amalume Fyodor, Galu ndi Mphaka". Amene anakulira mu USSR adzatcha zinthu zachilendo: makolo ali otanganidwa ndi ntchito, mwanayo amasiyidwa yekha kusukulu. Kodi pali nthawi zowopsa muzojambula ndipo mwana wamaganizo anganene chiyani za izo?
Larisa Surkova:
"Kwa ana aku Soviet, omwe nthawi zambiri amasowa chisamaliro cha makolo (mu kuchuluka komwe angafune), zojambulazo zinali zomveka komanso zolondola. Kotero dongosolo linamangidwa - amayi anapita kukagwira ntchito mofulumira, ana anapita ku nazale, ku kindergartens. Akuluakulu analibe chochitira. Kotero momwe zinthu zilili mu zojambulazo zikuwonetsedwa mofanana.
Kumbali ina, tikuwona mnyamata yemwe amayi ake samamumvera, ndipo amakhala nthawi yambiri yekha (nthawi yomweyo, makolo, makamaka amayi, amawoneka ngati khanda). Kumbali ina, ali ndi mwayi wopereka nthawiyi kwa iyemwini. Amachita zomwe zimamusangalatsa, amalankhulana ndi nyama.
Ndikuganiza kuti chojambulachi chinagwira ntchito ngati chithandizo cha ana a Soviet. Choyamba, anatha kuona kuti sanali okha m’mavuto awo. Ndipo chachiwiri, adapangitsa kuti amvetsetse: sikuli koyipa kukhala wamkulu, chifukwa ndiye kuti zingwe za boma zili m'manja mwanu ndipo mutha kukhala mtsogoleri - ngakhale paketi yapaderayi.
Ndikuganiza kuti ana amasiku ano amawona nkhaniyi mosiyana pang'ono. Amadziwika ndi kuunika kozama kwa zochitika zambiri. Ana anga nthaŵi zonse amafunsa kumene makolo a mnyamatayo ali, chifukwa chimene anamulola kupita yekha kumudzi, chifukwa chimene sanafunse zikalata m’sitima, ndi zina zotero.
Panopa ana akukula m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo zithunzi zojambulidwa za Prostokvashino zimapatsa makolo amene anabadwira ku Soviet Union chifukwa cholankhula ndi mwana wawo za mmene zinthu zinalili poyamba.”
"Mwana ndi Carlson Amene Amakhala Padenga"
Adajambulidwa ku Soyuzmultfilm mu 1969-1970 kutengera trilogy ya Astrid Lindgren The Kid ndi Carlson Yemwe Amakhala Padenga. Nkhani yosangalatsayi masiku ano imayambitsa mikangano pakati pa owonera. Timaona mwana wosungulumwa wochokera m’banja lalikulu, yemwe samatsimikiza kuti amakondedwa, ndipo amadzipeza kukhala bwenzi longoyerekezera.
Larisa Surkova:
"Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa chodabwitsa chodziwika bwino: pali matenda a Carlson, omwe amafotokoza zonse zomwe zimachitika kwa Mwanayo. Zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi zaka za chikhalidwe chokhazikika, pamene ana akhoza kukhala ndi bwenzi lolingalira. Izi zimawapatsa mwayi woti ayang'ane ndi mantha awo ndikugawana zomwe akufuna ndi wina.
Palibe chifukwa choopa ndikutsimikizira mwanayo kuti bwenzi lake kulibe. Koma sikoyenera kusewera limodzi, kulankhulana mwachangu ndikusewera ndi bwenzi longoyerekeza la mwana wanu wamwamuna kapena wamkazi, kumwa tiyi kapena "kucheza" naye. Koma ngati mwanayo salankhulana ndi wina aliyense osati khalidwe lopeka, ichi ndi chifukwa chofunsana ndi mwana wa zamaganizo.
Pali ma nuances ambiri muzojambula zomwe zingaganizidwe mosiyana. Ili ndi banja lalikulu, amayi ndi abambo amagwira ntchito, palibe amene amamvera Mwanayo. Zikatero, pokhala osungulumwa, ana ambiri amabwera ndi dziko lawo - chinenero ndi zilembo zosiyana.
Mwana akakhala ndi gulu lenileni, zinthu zimakhala zosavuta: anthu ozungulira amakhala mabwenzi ake. Akapita, amangotsala ongoyerekeza. Koma nthawi zambiri izi zimadutsa, ndipo akafika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, ana amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri, ndipo anzawo opangidwa amawasiya.
"Nyumba ya Kuzka"
Situdiyo "Ekran" mu 1984 anajambula zojambula izi zochokera nthano Tatiana Alexandrova "Kuzka mu nyumba yatsopano". Msungwana Natasha ali ndi zaka 7, komanso ali ndi bwenzi lapafupi "loganiza" - brownie Kuzya.
Larisa Surkova:
"Kuzya ndi "Domestic version" ya Carlson. Mtundu wa chikhalidwe cha anthu, chomveka komanso choyandikira kwa aliyense. Heroine wa zojambulazo ali ndi zaka zofanana ndi Mwana. Alinso ndi bwenzi lolingalira - wothandizira komanso wothandizira polimbana ndi mantha.
Ana onse awiri, kuchokera ku zojambula izi ndi za m'mbuyomo, makamaka amawopa kukhala okha kunyumba. Ndipo onse amayenera kukhala kumeneko chifukwa makolo awo ali otanganidwa ndi ntchito. Brownie Kuzya amathandizira Natasha mumkhalidwe wovuta kwa mwana, monga momwe Carlson ndi Malysh amachitira.
Ndikuganiza kuti iyi ndi njira yabwino yowonetsera - ana amatha kuwonetsa mantha awo kwa otchulidwa komanso, chifukwa cha zojambulazo, kugawana nawo.
"Amayi kwa mammoth"
Mu 1977, pamgodi wa golidi m’chigawo cha Magadan, thupi losungidwa la mwana wamphongo wotchedwa Dima (monga momwe asayansi amatchulira) linapezedwa. Chifukwa cha permafrost, inasungidwa bwino kwambiri ndipo inaperekedwa kwa akatswiri a paleontologists. Ambiri mwina, anali anapeza kuti anauzira scriptwriter Dina Nepomniachtchi ndi opanga ena zojambula anajambula ndi situdiyo Ekran mu 1981.
Nkhani ya mwana wamasiye yemwe amapita kukafunafuna amayi ake sidzasiya osayanjanitsika ngakhale owonerera onyoza kwambiri. Ndipo ndi zabwino bwanji kuti pamapeto a zojambulazo Mammoth amapeza amayi. Kupatula apo, sizichitika padziko lapansi kuti ana atayika ...
Larisa Surkova:
"Ndikuganiza kuti iyi ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri. Zimathandiza kusonyeza mbali yotsalira ya ndalama: si mabanja onse omwe ali athunthu, ndipo si mabanja onse omwe ali ndi ana - achibale, magazi.
Zojambulajambula zimawonetsera bwino nkhani ya kuvomereza komanso ngakhale kulekerera kwamtundu wina mu maubwenzi. Tsopano ndikuwona momwemo zinthu zosangalatsa zomwe ndinali ndisanazimvetsere. Mwachitsanzo, ndili paulendo ku Kenya, ndinaona kuti ana a njovu akuyendadi atagwira mchira wa mayi awo. Ndizosangalatsa kuti muzojambula izi zikuwonetsedwa ndikusewera, pali mtundu wina wa kuwona mtima mu izi.
Ndipo nkhaniyi ikupereka chithandizo kwa amayi. Ndani mwa ife amene sanalire ku nyimboyi pa matinees a ana? Zojambulajambula zimatithandiza, amayi omwe ali ndi ana, kuti tisaiwale momwe timafunikira komanso kukondedwa, ndipo izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati tatopa, ngati tilibe mphamvu ndipo ndizovuta ... «
"Mwa"
Zikuwoneka kuti nyama zazing'ono mu zojambula za Soviet zinali ndi ubale wabwino kwambiri ndi makolo awo kuposa "ana aumunthu". Kotero amayi a Umka moleza mtima ndi mwanzeru amaphunzitsa maluso ofunikira, akumuimbira nyimbo yoyimba ndikuwuza nthano ya "nsomba yachisoni ya dzuwa". Ndiko kuti, amapereka luso lofunikira kuti apulumuke, amapereka chikondi cha amayi ndikupereka nzeru za banja.
Larisa Surkova:
“Iyinso ndi nkhani yongoganizira za ubale wabwino pakati pa mayi ndi khanda, womwe umasonyeza mbali za khalidwe la ana. Ana sali olondola, ndi amwano. Ndipo kwa munthu wamng'ono yemwe amawonera zojambulazi, uwu ndi mwayi wowona ndi maso awo zomwe khalidwe loipa lingayambitse. Iyi ndi nkhani yoganizira, yowona mtima, yokhudza mtima yomwe ingakhale yosangalatsa kukambirana ndi ana.
Inde, ali ndi chiyembekezo!
Mu zojambulajambula ndi mabuku omwe mibadwo ya ana a Soviet anakulira, mungapeze zambiri zosamvetseka. Makolo amakono kaŵirikaŵiri amada nkhaŵa kuti ana angakhumudwe akaŵerenga nkhani yomvetsa chisoni kapena yokayikitsa malinga ndi mmene zinthu zilili masiku ano. Koma musaiwale kuti tikuchita ndi nthano, momwe nthawi zonse mumakhala malo amisonkhano. Nthawi zonse tikhoza kufotokozera mwana kusiyana pakati pa dziko lenileni ndi malo ongopeka. Kupatula apo, ana amamvetsetsa bwino lomwe "kudzinamizira" ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwaluso "chida" ichi pamasewera.
"Muzochita zanga, sindinakumanepo ndi ana ovulala, mwachitsanzo, ndi zojambula za Prostokvashino," akutero Larisa Surkova. Ndipo ngati ndinu kholo latcheru komanso loda nkhawa, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudalire maganizo a katswiri, khalani omasuka ndi mwana wanu ndikusangalala ndi kuwonera limodzi nkhani zomwe mumakonda zaubwana.