Zamkatimu
Iwo omwe sali oleza mtima kuti achite "kusaka mwakachetechete" sangathe kuyembekezera nyengo yaikulu ya bowa ndikupita ndi dengu kunkhalango m'chaka.
Komabe, pamenepa, muyenera kusamala kwambiri: panthawiyi palibe bowa wambiri wodyedwa ngati m'dzinja, pali chiopsezo chachikulu chobweretsa matupi owopsa a fruiting kunyumba, omwe amabisika mosavuta ngati mitundu yodyedwa.
Nkhaniyi ikupereka zithunzi, mayina ndi mafotokozedwe a bowa wa masika omwe amadyedwa komanso osadyedwa omwe amapezeka m'nkhalango pafupi ndi Moscow.
Kutola bowa wa masika m'nkhalango pafupi ndi Moscow (ndi kanema)
Bowa wa masika m'midzi amadziwika bwino, koma anthu akumidzi ndi akumidzi amawadziwa bwino. Panthawi imeneyi, mungapeze morel zokoma kwambiri, bowa wa oyisitara ndi bowa wachilimwe. Komabe, ndi masika pomwe bowa woyamba wa hallucinogenic ndi wapoizoni amawonekera, mwachitsanzo, mizere wamba.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, pamene chipale chofewa sichinasungunuke ndipo zigamba zoyamba zosungunuka zawonekera, bowa wa oyster wa autumn amatha kuwoneka. Amatchedwa autumn chifukwa amawonekera m'dzinja, koma amabisala pansi pa chisanu nthawi yonse yachisanu. Iwo akhoza nthawi imodzi chifukwa cha dzinja ndi oyambirira masika bowa. Amasunga bwino masika. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, m'nkhalango zodula, mungapeze paliponse: strobiliuruses, sarcoscyphs, xerompholines.
M'chaka, bowa (May, variable) ndi mitundu ina yambiri imayamba kukula kwambiri m'nkhalango.
Kuyenda kwa masika kapena kukwera m'nkhalango sikwabwino kokha kwa thanzi, kumakupatsaninso mphamvu ndikudzutsa mphamvu zamkati. Nthawi imeneyi ndi yabwino chifukwa mulibe udzudzu ndi ntchentche za mphalapala m'nkhalango pano, ndipo palibe chomwe chimakulepheretsani kusangalala ndi chilengedwe. Ndi masika kuti simungangothyola bowa, komanso kumva kuyimba kodabwitsa kwa mbalame, kusangalala ndi zithunzi za kuthawa kwawo komweko, pamene yamphongo ikukwera mmwamba, imawombera mapiko ake ndikuimba nyimbo zake zodabwitsa.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yamasika, palibe tizilombo tomwe timayamwa magazi, koma nkhupakupa zimawonekera kale mu Meyi, ndipo ntchito yawo imakhala yokwera kwambiri kumapeto kwa Meyi komanso koyambirira kwa Juni, chifukwa chake, panthawiyi, muyenera. kukhala ndi zovala zothina, chipewa kapena mpango, gwiritsani ntchito njira zoyenera zopangira zovala .
Vidiyo iyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za bowa wa masika m'nkhalango pafupi ndi Moscow:
Strobiliurus edible ndi cuttings
Chipale chofewa chikasungunuka, bowa woyamba wa kasupe wodyera kukula kwake kwa khobidi la khumi la kopeck amawonekera m'nkhalango pamiyala yogubuduza ndi pazinyalala za spruce. Iwo amatchedwa strobiliuruses. Bowa wakumayambiriro kwa masikawa amakula m’magulu. Ngakhale strobiliurus ndi yodyedwa, sizokoma kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuzisonkhanitsa chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa.
Chithunzi ndi kufotokozera kwa bowa wa masika strobilurus amitundu yosiyanasiyana akuwonetsedwa pansipa:
Strobilurus edible, kapena yowutsa mudyo (Strobilurus esculentus).
Malo okhala: nkhalango za spruce, pa zinyalala za spruce kapena pa cones, zimakula m'magulu.
Nyengo: bowa oyambirira, April-May.
Chophimbacho ndi 1-2 masentimita m'mimba mwake, nthawi zina mpaka 3 cm, poyamba chimakhala chowoneka bwino, pambuyo pake chimagwada, chophwanyika. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi chipewa chotere cha bulauni kapena chestnut chokhala ndi tubercle pakatikati ndi m'mphepete mwake. Mtundu wapakati pa kapu ndi woderapo, wofiirira-bulauni.
Monga mukuwonera pachithunzichi, bowa wamasikawa ali ndi tsinde lopyapyala, 3-5 cm wamtali ndi 1-3 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, chikasu pamwamba, chikasu-bulauni pansipa:
Kusiyanitsa kwachiwiri kwa mitunduyi ndi kukhalapo kwa mizu yayitali ya shaggy yokhala ndi zingwe zaubweya zomwe zimatambasulira ku cone.
Mnofu ndi woyera, wandiweyani, ndi wokoma, pang'ono pungent fungo poyamba, kenako ndi pang'ono hering'i fungo.
Zolemba zamafupipafupi, zolumikizidwa, zoyera poyamba, kenako zachikasu. Ufa wa spore ndi woyera.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka bulauni-bulauni.
Mitundu yofanana. Edible strobiliurus ndi ofanana ndi edible cutting strobiliurus (Strobilurus tenacellus), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kapu yowoneka bwino yachikasu-bulauni.
Bowa woyamba wa masika awa amadyedwa, ali mgulu lachinayi. Zipewa zazing'ono zokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, zokazinga pambuyo pa kuwira koyambirira kwa mphindi 4.
Strobiliurus cuttings (Strobilurus tenacellus).
Kuphatikiza pa edible strobiliurus, palinso Lai yosadyeka, yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi fungo la herring. Iwo amatchedwa kudula strobiliuruses.
Malo okhala: nkhalango za paini ndi spruce, pa zinyalala kapena pamizu, zimakula m'magulu.
Nthawi yosonkhanitsa bowa wa masika: May-June.
Chipewacho ndi 0,7-1,5 masentimita m'mimba mwake, nthawi zina mpaka 2 cm, poyamba convex, kenako n'kudzigwetsa pansi, lathyathyathya. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi chipewa chofiirira, chofiirira cha pinki chokhala ndi tubercle yowoneka bwino pakati, yosagwirizana komanso yokhala ndi nthiti zopyapyala pang'ono.
Tsinde la bowawa, lomwe limakula m'chaka cha m'chigawo cha Moscow, ndi lopyapyala, 2-5 cm wamtali ndi 1-2,5 mm wandiweyani, cylindrical, cartilaginous, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zobiriwira m'munsi, zoyera pamwamba, zachikasu pansipa. Kusiyanitsa kwachiwiri kwa mitunduyi ndi kukhalapo kwa mizu yayitali ya shaggy yokhala ndi zingwe zaubweya zomwe zimatambasulira ku cone.
Tayang'anani pa chithunzi - zamkati za bowa izi, zomwe zimawoneka pakati pa oyambirira masika, ndizoyera, zowuma:
Poyamba, fungo la zamkati ndi losangalatsa, hering'i pang'ono, kenako zimakhala zosasangalatsa, pang'ono musty.
Zolemba zamafupipafupi, zolumikizidwa, zoyera poyamba, kenako zachikasu. Ufa wa spore ndi woyera.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni mpaka bulauni-bulauni.
Mitundu yofanana. The cutting strobiliurus ndi yofanana ndi edible strobilurus (Strobilurus esculentus), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kapu yonyezimira yokhala ndi utoto woderapo wabulauni, tsinde lamitundu yowala kwambiri, komanso kununkhira kocheperako.
Bowa woyamba wa masika awa amaonedwa kuti ndi odyedwa chifukwa cha fungo la herring.
Bowa wa xerompholin wa Spring
Kumapeto kwa Epulo komanso koyambirira kwa Meyi, madera oyamba a bowa amawonekera, omwe amakhala ndi chitsa chowola kapena thunthu lowola. Izi ndi, choyamba, ngati tsinde xeromphalina (Xeromphalina cauticinalis). Bowa wamasika awa omwe amamera kudera la Moscow ndiabwino, amakumbutsa tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tachikasu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono. Matupi odziwika bwino a fruiting awa amatha kuwonedwa pafupi ndi misewu ya kumidzi ndi njira, m'dera lamvula.
Malo okhala: m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi za coniferous, zimakula m'magulu akuluakulu pazitsa zowola.
Nyengo: Meyi-Julayi.
Chipewacho chili ndi mainchesi 0,5-3 cm. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi chipewa chonyezimira, chomata chonyezimira chachikasu kapena chachikasu-lalanje chokhala ngati maambulera okhala ndi kupsinjika pang'ono pakati ndi mikwingwirima yochokera ku mbale zowoneka bwino.
Kutalika 2-6 cm, 1-3 mm wandiweyani. Pa kapu pali chulucho, ndiye tsinde ndi yosalala, cylindrical, pinkish-bulauni kapena chikasu-lalanje.
Mabale a bowawa, omwe ali m'gulu loyamba kumera m'nyengo ya masika, ndi osowa, poyamba amakhala okoma, kenaka achikasu-wobiriwira, amatsika mu kondomu pambali pa tsinde.
Thupi limakhala loyera poyamba, kenako lowala lachikasu, losasunthika, lopanda fungo.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera kuchikasu-lalanje kupita ku dzira.
Mitundu yofanana. Xerampholine tsinde ngati mtundu ndi ofanana ndi oak hygrocybe (Hygrocybe quieta), yomwe ilinso ndi mtundu wachikasu-lalanje, koma pachipewa pali tubercle.
Bowa wa Xerompholine ndi wosadyedwa.
Poizoni Bowa Bowa
Bowa wakupha kwambiri m'chigawo cha Moscow ndi pseudo bowa wa sulphurous-yellow yellow. Amakula m'magulu akuluakulu pazitsa ndi makungwa a mitengo yomwe yagwa. Patali, amawoneka ngati bowa wodyera m'chilimwe, koma amasiyana ndi mtundu wachikasu wa sulfure wa kumunsi kwa kapu. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana momwe spruce, birch, thundu, ndi aspen zimamera.
Malo okhala ndi thovu labodza la sulfure-yellow (Hypholoma fasciculare): nkhuni zowola ndi zitsa za matabwa olimba ndi ma conifers, omwe amakula m'magulu akuluakulu.
Malo okhala: nkhuni zowola ndi zitsa za matabwa olimba ndi ma conifers, omwe amakula m'magulu akuluakulu.
Nyengo: April - November
Chovalacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 2-7 cm, poyambira hemispherical, kenako otukukira. Chodziwika bwino chamtunduwu ndi kapu yachikasu kapena yopepuka yofiirira-yofiirira yokhala ndi tubercle yowoneka bwino, yomwe imakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira wa njerwa.
Tsinde lake ndi lopyapyala komanso lalitali, lopindika, lalitali 3-9 cm, 3-8 mm wandiweyani, lili ndi mtundu wofanana ndi kapu, kapena lopepuka pang'ono, lokhala ndi chikasu chachikasu, cylindrical, chocheperako pang'ono pafupi ndi maziko, ndikuwonetsa mphete. Pansi pa tsinde ndi mdima - lalanje-bulauni.
Zamkati: sulfure-chikasu, ofewa ndi fibrous, ndi fungo losasangalatsa ndi kukoma kowawa.
Mambale amakhala pafupipafupi, otakata, omatira, sulufule-chikasu kapena zofiirira za azitona.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu umasiyana kuchokera ku chikasu-bulauni kupita ku sulfure-chikasu.
Mitundu yofanana. The inedible sulfure-chikasu zabodza uchi agaric akhoza kusokonezedwa ndi edible sulfure-chikasu zabodza uchi agaric (Hypholoma capnoides), amene amasiyana mtundu wa mbale - kuwala imvi, komanso convex mafuta kwambiri yellowish-lalanje chipewa.
Bowawa ndi oopsa komanso oopsa.
Kusonkhanitsa bowa wa psatirell m'nkhalango kumapeto kwa masika
Malo okhala psatyrella wofiirira (Psathyrella spadiceogrisea): nthaka, nkhuni zowola ndi zitsa za mitengo yophukira, yokulira m’magulu.
Nyengo: May - October.
Chipewacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 2-5 cm, poyamba chooneka ngati belu, pambuyo pake chopingasa-chogwada ndi tubercle yosalala pakati. Chosiyana ndi mtundu wa bowa wa masika ndi kapu ya imvi-bulauni yokhala ndi ma radial fibrillation, omwe amawoneka ngati madontho opyapyala, komanso malire owonda pang'ono m'mphepete, mtundu wofananira m'zitsanzo zazing'ono ndi zigawo zazikulu zamitundu mu bowa wamkulu. Magawo awa ali amitundu iwiri: wachikasu-pinki pakatikati pa kapu kapena imvi-bulauni pakati, ndipo kupitilira apo, pafupifupi mkatikati mwa zone, malo okhazikika achikasu-siliva okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa blurry.
Mwendo umakhala ndi kutalika kwa 4-9 cm, makulidwe a 3 mpaka 7 mm, cylindrical, wokhuthala pang'ono m'munsi, osalala, osalala, oyera, mealy kumtunda.
Samalani chithunzicho - m'munsi, mwendo wa bowa wamasika wakuda ndi wakuda, wofiirira:
Zamkati: madzi, oyera, osalimba, owonda, ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo labwino la bowa.
Mambale amamatira, pafupipafupi, opapatiza, ofiira-bulauni.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa kapu ukhoza kusiyana kuchokera ku imvi-bulauni mpaka kufiira-bulauni ndi mawanga achikasu-pinki kapena madera.
Mitundu yofanana. Psatyrella yofiirira ndi yofanana ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake kwa psatyrella velvety (Psathyrella velutina), yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi chipewa chofiyira-buffy, chophimbidwa ndi ulusi, chopatsa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.
Bowa wa Psatirrella amadyedwa, gulu 4, mutatha kuwira koyambirira kwa mphindi 15.
Kenako, mupeza zomwe bowa wina amamera mu kasupe.
edible collibia bowa
Pakatikati ndi kumapeto kwa Meyi, mitundu yoyamba ya collibia imawonekera. Izi zimaphatikizapo makamaka chestnut kapena mafuta collibia. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timakopeka ndi mawonekedwe ake ochititsa chidwi, ngakhale kuti ndi ang'onoang'ono kukula kwake. Ngakhale kuti ndi zodyedwa, sizimakololedwa chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa komanso gawo lotsika kwambiri, lachinayi pazakudya.
Malo okhala chestnut collibia, kapena mafuta (Collybia butyracea): nkhalango zosakanizika ndi za coniferous, pansi pa nkhalango, pamitengo yovunda. Bowawa nthawi zambiri amamera m’magulu m’nkhalango ya masika.
Nyengo: May - October.
Chipewacho chimakhala ndi mainchesi 3-8 cm, poyambira hemispherical, pambuyo pake chimakhala ndi tubercle yozungulira kenako ndikugwada ndi tubercle yathyathyathya ndikutukuka kapena m'mphepete. Chinthu chosiyana ndi bowa wa kasupe wotchedwa collibia ndi mtundu wa chestnut-bulauni wa kapu wokhala ndi tubercle yathyathyathya yamtundu wakuda wakuda ndi kuwala, kirimu kapena m'mphepete mwa bulauni.
Mwendo 4-9 cm wamtali, woonda, 2-8 mm wokhuthala, cylindrical, wosalala, woyamba kirimu, kenako bulauni. Pansi pa mwendo ndi wandiweyani.
Thupi limakhala lamadzi, lopyapyala, lofewa, loyera kapena lachikasu, poyamba lopanda fungo, kenako limanunkhira pang'ono.
Mambale ndi zonona kapena chikasu, notched-kukula. Pakati pa mbale zomatira pali mbale zazifupi zaulere.
Kusinthana: mtundu wa kapu umasinthasintha malinga ndi kukula kwa bowa, mwezi ndi chinyezi cha nyengoyo. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wa bulauni-bulauni, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, wofiira-bulauni ndi mtundu wa bulauni, bulauni-bulauni ndi mdima wapakati, imvi-bulauni ndi utoto wa azitona, lilac-bulauni. M'nyengo yachilimwe, chipewacho chimazimiririka kukhala matani achikasu, kirimu, ndi bulauni.
Mitundu yofanana. Mbalame yotchedwa chestnut collibia ndi yofanana ndi maonekedwe ndi kukula kwake kwa edible wood-loving collibia (Collybia dryophila), yomwe imasiyana chifukwa imakhala ndi chipewa chopepuka kwambiri.
Kukwanira: edible, koma amafuna chisanadze otentha mu 2 madzi kuthetsa fungo la nkhungu. Iwo ali m'gulu la 4.
Bowa wa otidea wosadyeka
Nkhalango yamasika imatibweretsera zodabwitsa. Chimodzi mwa zodabwitsa izi ndi chisomo otideas. Dzina lawo limadzinenera lokha. Mukuyenda m'nkhalango ndipo mwadzidzidzi mumawona makutu achikasu kapena ma tulips pansi pa nkhalango. Amatiuza: taonani, ndi chikhalidwe chotani komanso chosiyana. Tisungeni!
Malo okhala otides okoma (Otidea concinna): pa nkhalango pansi m'nkhalango zosakaniza, kukula m'magulu.
Nyengo: May-November.
Thupi la zipatso lili ndi mainchesi 2 mpaka 8 cm, kutalika kwa 1 mpaka 6 cm. Kunja, bowawa nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a tulips. Kunja kumakhala ndi zokutira za granular kapena powdery. Mkati mwake ndi wachikasu-bulauni.
Monga tawonera pachithunzichi, bowa woyamba wamasika amakula m'magulu, ophatikizidwa ndi maziko amodzi:
Pansi pa thupi la fruiting ndi ngati mwendo.
Zamkati: brittle, pafupifupi wandiweyani, kuwala chikasu.
Kusinthasintha. Mtundu wa chipatsocho ukhoza kusiyana kuchokera ku bulauni wonyezimira mpaka wachikasu-bulauni ndi wachikasu wa mandimu.
Mitundu yofanana. Otidea wachisomo ndi wofanana ndi tsabola wonyezimira (Peziza vesiculosa), yemwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino.
Otidees okoma ndi osadyedwa.
Zithunzi izi zikuwonetsa bowa wa masika omwe akukula kudera la Moscow:
