Silicon (Si) ndi chinthu chachiwiri chochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi (pambuyo pa mpweya), chomwe chimatizungulira paliponse monga mchenga, njerwa zomangira, galasi, ndi zina zotero. Pafupifupi 27 peresenti ya kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi ndi silicon. Zapeza chidwi chapadera kuchokera ku ulimi m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha zopindulitsa pa mbewu zina. Kuphatikizika kwa silicon pakali pano kukuganiziridwa ngati njira ina yothana ndi kupsinjika kwa biotic ndi abiotic mu mbewu padziko lonse lapansi.
Mwachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri sizimachitika mwanjira yake yoyera, koma yolumikizidwa ndi molekyulu ya okosijeni mu mawonekedwe a silicon dioxide - silika. Quartz, gawo lalikulu la mchenga, ndi silika wosakanizidwa. Silicon ndi metalloid, chinthu chomwe chili pakati pa chitsulo ndi chosakhala chitsulo, chokhala ndi zonse ziwiri. Ndi semiconductor, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti silikoni imayendetsa magetsi. Komabe, mosiyana ndi zitsulo wamba, .
Chinthuchi chinadziwika koyamba ndi katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Sweden Jöns Jakob Berzelius mu 1824, yemwe, malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha mankhwala, adapezanso cerium, selenium ndi thorium. monga semiconductor, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma transistors, omwe ndi maziko a zamagetsi, kuchokera ku wailesi kupita ku iPhone. Silicon imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira ina m'maselo a dzuwa ndi tchipisi ta makompyuta. Malinga ndi National Laboratory Lawrence Livermore, kuti asandutse silicon kukhala transistor, mawonekedwe ake a crystalline "amachepetsedwa" ndi zinthu zina zochepa monga boron kapena phosphorous. Zinthu zotsata izi zimalumikizana ndi maatomu a silicon, kutulutsa ma elekitironi kuti azisuntha zinthu zonse.
Kafukufuku wamakono wa silicon akuwoneka ngati wopeka wa sayansi: mu 2006, asayansi adalengeza kulengedwa kwa chipangizo cha makompyuta chomwe chimagwirizanitsa zigawo za silicon ndi maselo a ubongo. Choncho, zizindikiro zamagetsi kuchokera ku maselo a ubongo zimatha kutumizidwa ku chipangizo chamagetsi cha silicon, ndi mosemphanitsa. Cholinga chake ndikuti potsirizira pake apange chipangizo chamagetsi chochizira matenda a ubongo.
Silicon ilinso wokonzeka kupanga laser yopyapyala kwambiri, yotchedwa nanoneedle, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusamutsa deta mwachangu komanso mogwira mtima kuposa zingwe zamawonekedwe achikhalidwe.
Openda zakuthambo amene anatera pamwezi mu 1969 anasiya chikwama choyera chomwe chinali ndi silicon disk yaikulu kuposa ndalama ya dollar. Chimbalecho chili ndi mauthenga 73 ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana okhumbira zabwino ndi mtendere.
Silicon si yofanana ndi silikoni. Chomalizacho chimapangidwa ndi silicon yokhala ndi oxygen, carbon ndi hydrogen. Nkhaniyi imalekerera bwino kutentha kwambiri.
Silicone ikhoza kukhala yowopsa ku thanzi. Kupuma kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse matenda a m'mapapo otchedwa silicosis.
Kodi mumakonda kuikidwa kwa opal? Chitsanzo ichi chimapangidwa chifukwa cha silicon. Mwala wamtengo wapatali ndi mawonekedwe a silika omwe amamangiriridwa ku mamolekyu amadzi.
Dzina la Silicon Valley limachokera ku silicon, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu tchipisi ta makompyuta. Dzinalo lidawonekera koyamba mu 1971 mu Electronic News.
Zoposa 90% za kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi kumakhala ndi mchere wokhala ndi silicate ndi mankhwala.
Madzi amchere ndi ma diatomu am'madzi amatenga silicon m'madzi kuti amange ma cell awo.
Silicon ndiyofunikira pakupanga zitsulo.
Silicon imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri ikakhala yamadzimadzi kuposa ikakhala yolimba.
Zinthu zambiri za silicon padziko lapansi zimayamba kupanga alloy yotchedwa ferrosilicon, yomwe imakhala ndi chitsulo.
Ndi ochepa chabe a bioorganisms Padziko Lapansi omwe amafunikira silicon.
Silicon ena a iwo, amene si amenable kuti ulimi wothirira yake. Kuonjezera apo: Mpunga wopanda silicon ndi tirigu uli ndi tsinde zofooka zomwe zimawonongeka mosavuta ndi mphepo kapena mvula. Zatsimikiziridwanso kuti silicon imawonjezera kukana kwa mitundu ina ya zomera kuti iwononge bowa.